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House of Representatives: Difference between revisions
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===Daily procedures=== | ===Daily procedures=== | ||
Like the Senate, the House of Representatives meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. At one end of the chamber of the House is a [[Podium|rostrum]] from which the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|speaker]], Speaker pro tempore, or (when in Committee of the Whole House) the chair presides.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/Rostrum/ |title=The Rostrum |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Historian |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074034/http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/Rostrum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The lower tiers of the rostrum are used by clerks and other officials. A table in front of the rostrum is used by the official reporters. Members' seats are arranged in the chamber in a semicircular pattern facing the rostrum and are divided by a wide central aisle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/house-chamber |title=Explore Capitol Hill: House Chamber |website=Architect of the Capitol |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114172619/http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/house-chamber |url-status=live }}</ref> By tradition, Democrats sit on the left of the center aisle, while Republicans sit on the right, facing the presiding officer's chair.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ritchie |first=Donald A. |date=2006 |title=The Congress of the United States: A Student Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyEGeCwD63AC&pg=PA195 |location=[[New York, New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |edition=3 |page=195 |isbn=978-0-19-530924-9 |access-date=January 10, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194414/https://books.google.com/books?id=WyEGeCwD63AC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://lowenthal.house.gov/legislation/congress-u.htm |title=Congress U |last1=Lowenthal |first1=Alan |website=U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074143/http://lowenthal.house.gov/legislation/congress-u.htm |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web|title=What's in the House Chamber|url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/House-Floor|access-date=November 21, 2013|archive-date=October 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030132018/http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/House-Floor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sittings are normally held on weekdays; meetings on Saturdays and Sundays are rare. Sittings of the House are generally open to the public; visitors must obtain a House Gallery pass from a congressional office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/access-congress |title=Access to Congress |website=Digital Media Law Project |publisher=Berkman Center for Internet and Society |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113075352/http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/access-congress |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://thedistrict.com/sightseeing/other-washington-d-c-attractions/u-s-house-of-representatives |title=U.S. House of Representatives |website=The District |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092001/http://thedistrict.com/sightseeing/other-washington-d-c-attractions/u-s-house-of-representatives/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sittings are broadcast live on television and have been streamed live on [[C-SPAN]] since March 19, 1979,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/03/19/cspan-anniversary/6577593 |title=Not everyone is a fan of C-SPAN cameras in Congress |last1=Davis |first1=Susan |date=March 19, 2014 |website= | Like the Senate, the House of Representatives meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. At one end of the chamber of the House is a [[Podium|rostrum]] from which the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|speaker]], Speaker pro tempore, or (when in Committee of the Whole House) the chair presides.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/Rostrum/ |title=The Rostrum |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Historian |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074034/http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/Rostrum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The lower tiers of the rostrum are used by clerks and other officials. A table in front of the rostrum is used by the official reporters. Members' seats are arranged in the chamber in a semicircular pattern facing the rostrum and are divided by a wide central aisle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/house-chamber |title=Explore Capitol Hill: House Chamber |website=Architect of the Capitol |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114172619/http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/house-chamber |url-status=live }}</ref> By tradition, Democrats sit on the left of the center aisle, while Republicans sit on the right, facing the presiding officer's chair.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ritchie |first=Donald A. |date=2006 |title=The Congress of the United States: A Student Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyEGeCwD63AC&pg=PA195 |location=[[New York, New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |edition=3 |page=195 |isbn=978-0-19-530924-9 |access-date=January 10, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194414/https://books.google.com/books?id=WyEGeCwD63AC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://lowenthal.house.gov/legislation/congress-u.htm |title=Congress U |last1=Lowenthal |first1=Alan |website=U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074143/http://lowenthal.house.gov/legislation/congress-u.htm |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web|title=What's in the House Chamber|url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/House-Floor|access-date=November 21, 2013|archive-date=October 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030132018/http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Chamber/House-Floor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sittings are normally held on weekdays; meetings on Saturdays and Sundays are rare. Sittings of the House are generally open to the public; visitors must obtain a House Gallery pass from a congressional office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/access-congress |title=Access to Congress |website=Digital Media Law Project |publisher=Berkman Center for Internet and Society |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113075352/http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/access-congress |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://thedistrict.com/sightseeing/other-washington-d-c-attractions/u-s-house-of-representatives |title=U.S. House of Representatives |website=The District |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092001/http://thedistrict.com/sightseeing/other-washington-d-c-attractions/u-s-house-of-representatives/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sittings are broadcast live on television and have been streamed live on [[C-SPAN]] since March 19, 1979,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/03/19/cspan-anniversary/6577593 |title=Not everyone is a fan of C-SPAN cameras in Congress |last1=Davis |first1=Susan |date=March 19, 2014 |website=USA Today |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194346/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/03/19/cspan-anniversary/6577593/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on ''HouseLive'', the official streaming service operated by the Clerk, since the early 2010s. | ||
The procedure of the House depends not only on the rules, but also on a variety of customs, precedents, and traditions. In many cases, the House waives some of its stricter rules (including time limits on debates) by [[unanimous consent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rules-republicans.house.gov/Educational/Read.aspx?ID=7|title=Basic Training: Roadblocks at the Final Legislative Stages|website=House of Representatives|publisher=Republican Committee on Rules|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401073534/http://rules-republicans.house.gov/Educational/Read.aspx?ID=7|archive-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref> A member may block a unanimous consent agreement, but objections are rare. The presiding officer, the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker of the House]] enforces the rules of the House, and may warn members who deviate from them. The speaker uses a [[gavel]] to maintain order.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/05/132641490/passing-one-of-many-many-gavels |title=Passing One Of Many, Many Gavels |last1=Larchuk |first1=Travis |date=January 5, 2011 |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194303/https://www.npr.org/2011/01/05/132641490/passing-one-of-many-many-gavels |url-status=live }}</ref> Legislation to be considered by the House is placed in a box called the hopper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2004/2004-019-000/ |title=Bill Hopper |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Historian |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=December 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208050408/http://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2004/2004-019-000/ |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/legislative/legfaq.aspx |title=Legislative FAQ: 7. How do Representatives introduce bills? |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Clerk |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110011712/http://clerk.house.gov/legislative/legfaq.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> | The procedure of the House depends not only on the rules, but also on a variety of customs, precedents, and traditions. In many cases, the House waives some of its stricter rules (including time limits on debates) by [[unanimous consent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rules-republicans.house.gov/Educational/Read.aspx?ID=7|title=Basic Training: Roadblocks at the Final Legislative Stages|website=House of Representatives|publisher=Republican Committee on Rules|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401073534/http://rules-republicans.house.gov/Educational/Read.aspx?ID=7|archive-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref> A member may block a unanimous consent agreement, but objections are rare. The presiding officer, the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker of the House]] enforces the rules of the House, and may warn members who deviate from them. The speaker uses a [[gavel]] to maintain order.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/05/132641490/passing-one-of-many-many-gavels |title=Passing One Of Many, Many Gavels |last1=Larchuk |first1=Travis |date=January 5, 2011 |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194303/https://www.npr.org/2011/01/05/132641490/passing-one-of-many-many-gavels |url-status=live }}</ref> Legislation to be considered by the House is placed in a box called the hopper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2004/2004-019-000/ |title=Bill Hopper |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Historian |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=December 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208050408/http://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2004/2004-019-000/ |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/legislative/legfaq.aspx |title=Legislative FAQ: 7. How do Representatives introduce bills? |website=U.S. House of Representatives |publisher=Office of the Clerk |access-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110011712/http://clerk.house.gov/legislative/legfaq.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||