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United Nations: Difference between revisions
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On 14 July 1960, the UN established the [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] (or UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to [[State of Katanga|Katanga]], restoring it to the control of the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] by 11 May 1964.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=115–134}} While travelling to meet rebel leader [[Moise Tshombe]] during the conflict, [[Dag Hammarskjöld]], often named as one of the UN's most effective secretaries-general,{{sfn|Meisler|1995|p=76}}{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=60}}{{sfn|Fasulo|2004|pp=17, 20}} [[1961 Ndola United Nations DC-6 crash|died in a plane crash]]. Months later he was posthumously awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=127–128, 134}} In 1964, Hammarskjöld's successor, [[U Thant]], deployed the [[United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus]], which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=156–157}} | On 14 July 1960, the UN established the [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] (or UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to [[State of Katanga|Katanga]], restoring it to the control of the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] by 11 May 1964.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=115–134}} While travelling to meet rebel leader [[Moise Tshombe]] during the conflict, [[Dag Hammarskjöld]], often named as one of the UN's most effective secretaries-general,{{sfn|Meisler|1995|p=76}}{{sfn|Kennedy|2007|p=60}}{{sfn|Fasulo|2004|pp=17, 20}} [[1961 Ndola United Nations DC-6 crash|died in a plane crash]]. Months later he was posthumously awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=127–128, 134}} In 1964, Hammarskjöld's successor, [[U Thant]], deployed the [[United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus]], which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=156–157}} | ||
With the spread of [[decolonization]] in the 1960s, the UN's membership shot up due to an influx of newly independent nations. In 1960 alone, 17 new states joined the UN, 16 of them from Africa.<ref name=unmilestones1951to1960 /> On 25 October 1971, with opposition from the United States, but with the support of many [[Third World]] nations, the | With the spread of [[decolonization]] in the 1960s, the UN's membership shot up due to an influx of newly independent nations. In 1960 alone, 17 new states joined the UN, 16 of them from Africa.<ref name=unmilestones1951to1960 /> On 25 October 1971, with opposition from the United States, but with the support of many [[Third World]] nations, the China was given the Chinese seat on the Security Council in place of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (also known as Taiwan). The vote was widely seen as a sign of waning American influence in the organization.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=195–197}} Third World nations organized themselves into the [[Group of 77]] under the leadership of Algeria, which briefly became a dominant power at the UN.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=208–210}} On 10 November 1975, a bloc comprising the Soviet Union and Third World nations passed [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379|a resolution]], over strenuous American and Israeli opposition, declaring [[Zionism]] to be a form of [[racism]]. The resolution was repealed on 16 December 1991, shortly after the end of the Cold War.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=204–226, 213, 220–221}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206052903/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 December 2012 | title=A/RES/3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975}}</ref> | ||
With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the [[Six-Day War|Middle East]], [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Kashmir]], the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=167–168, 224–225}} By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget. | With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the [[Six-Day War|Middle East]], [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Kashmir]], the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange.{{sfn|Meisler|1995|pp=167–168, 224–225}} By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget. | ||