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Affordable Care Act: Difference between revisions
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On December 23, the Senate voted 60–39 to end debate on the bill: a [[Cloture#United States|cloture vote]] to end the [[Filibuster in the United States Senate|filibuster]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00395 |title=Roll Call vote No. 395 – On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on H.R. 3590) |publisher=[[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903095012/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00395 |url-status=live }}</ref> The bill then passed, also 60–39, on December 24, 2009, with all Democrats and two independents voting for it, and all Republicans against (except [[Jim Bunning]], who did not vote).<ref name="USS RC 2009-396" /> The bill was endorsed by the [[American Medical Association]] and [[AARP]].<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/19/aarp-ama-announce-support_n_506060.html "AARP, AMA Announce Support For Health Care Bill: Largest Doctors And Retiree Groups Backing Legislation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203029/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/19/aarp-ama-announce-support_n_506060.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}. ''The Huffington Post'', March 19, 2010.</ref> | On December 23, the Senate voted 60–39 to end debate on the bill: a [[Cloture#United States|cloture vote]] to end the [[Filibuster in the United States Senate|filibuster]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00395 |title=Roll Call vote No. 395 – On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on H.R. 3590) |publisher=[[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903095012/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00395 |url-status=live }}</ref> The bill then passed, also 60–39, on December 24, 2009, with all Democrats and two independents voting for it, and all Republicans against (except [[Jim Bunning]], who did not vote).<ref name="USS RC 2009-396" /> The bill was endorsed by the [[American Medical Association]] and [[AARP]].<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/19/aarp-ama-announce-support_n_506060.html "AARP, AMA Announce Support For Health Care Bill: Largest Doctors And Retiree Groups Backing Legislation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203029/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/19/aarp-ama-announce-support_n_506060.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}. ''The Huffington Post'', March 19, 2010.</ref> | ||
On January 19, 2010, [[Massachusetts]] Republican [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] was [[United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2010|elected to the Senate in a special election]] to replace the recently deceased [[Ted Kennedy]], having campaigned on giving the Republican minority the 41st vote needed to sustain Republican filibusters.<ref name="reuterstimeline" /><ref>{{cite news |first=J. Scott |last=Applewhite |agency= | On January 19, 2010, [[Massachusetts]] Republican [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] was [[United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2010|elected to the Senate in a special election]] to replace the recently deceased [[Ted Kennedy]], having campaigned on giving the Republican minority the 41st vote needed to sustain Republican filibusters.<ref name="reuterstimeline" /><ref>{{cite news |first=J. Scott |last=Applewhite |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/01/senator-elect_scott_brown_welc.html |title=Senator-elect Scott Brown welcomed as Republican hero after upset victory in Massachusetts |publisher=McClatchy-Tribune News Service |access-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916052413/https://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/01/senator-elect_scott_brown_welc.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.votesmart.org/public-statement/477580/scott-brown-responds-to-martha-coakleys-misleading-health-care-distortions |title=Public Statements – Project Vote Smart |publisher=Votesmart.org |date=January 13, 2010 |access-date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916052308/https://votesmart.org/public-statement/477580/scott-brown-responds-to-martha-coakleys-misleading-health-care-distortions |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the symbolic importance of losing Kennedy's [[Massachusetts#Politics|traditionally Democratic Massachusetts seat]] made many Congressional Democrats concerned about the political cost of the bill.<ref>{{cite news |first=Nate |last=Silver |url=http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2010/01/will-base-abandon-hope.html |title=Will the Base Abandon Hope? |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 21, 2010 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061425/http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2010/01/will-base-abandon-hope.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BillPassageOptions" /> | ||
====House==== | ====House==== | ||
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As of October 2013, approximately 40% were in favor while 51% were against.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/obama_and_democrats_health_care_plan-1130.html#polls |title=Obama and Democrats' Health Care Plan |website=RealClearPolitics |date=October 13, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2014 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316053944/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/obama_and_democrats_health_care_plan-1130.html#polls |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Swanson |first=Emily |date=July 30, 2009 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/30/healthplan_n_725503.html |title=Health Care Plan: Favor/Oppose |work=Pollster.com |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-date=October 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001170205/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/30/healthplan_n_725503.html |url-status=live }}</ref> About 29% of [[Non-Hispanic whites|whites]] approved of the law, compared with 61% of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics]] and 91% of [[African American]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/9-16-13%20Health%20Care%20Release.pdf |title=As Health Care Law Proceeds, Opposition and Uncertainty Persist |date=September 16, 2013 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-date=April 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424151816/http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/9-16-13%20Health%20Care%20Release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A solid majority of seniors opposed the idea and a solid majority of those under forty were in favor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2010-03-23-health-poll-favorable_N.htm |title=Poll: Health care plan gains favor |last=Page |first=Susan |date=March 24, 2010 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=March 24, 2010 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620184320/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2010-03-23-health-poll-favorable_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | As of October 2013, approximately 40% were in favor while 51% were against.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/obama_and_democrats_health_care_plan-1130.html#polls |title=Obama and Democrats' Health Care Plan |website=RealClearPolitics |date=October 13, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2014 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316053944/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/obama_and_democrats_health_care_plan-1130.html#polls |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Swanson |first=Emily |date=July 30, 2009 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/30/healthplan_n_725503.html |title=Health Care Plan: Favor/Oppose |work=Pollster.com |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-date=October 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001170205/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/30/healthplan_n_725503.html |url-status=live }}</ref> About 29% of [[Non-Hispanic whites|whites]] approved of the law, compared with 61% of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics]] and 91% of [[African American]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/9-16-13%20Health%20Care%20Release.pdf |title=As Health Care Law Proceeds, Opposition and Uncertainty Persist |date=September 16, 2013 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-date=April 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424151816/http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/9-16-13%20Health%20Care%20Release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A solid majority of seniors opposed the idea and a solid majority of those under forty were in favor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2010-03-23-health-poll-favorable_N.htm |title=Poll: Health care plan gains favor |last=Page |first=Susan |date=March 24, 2010 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=March 24, 2010 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620184320/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2010-03-23-health-poll-favorable_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
A 2014 poll reported that 26% of Americans support ACA.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/poll-obama-health-law-fails-gain-support |title=AP-GfK Poll: Obama's health care fails to gain support |date=March 28, 2014 |access-date=March 30, 2014 |publisher= | A 2014 poll reported that 26% of Americans support ACA.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/poll-obama-health-law-fails-gain-support |title=AP-GfK Poll: Obama's health care fails to gain support |date=March 28, 2014 |access-date=March 30, 2014 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-date=April 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401024529/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/poll-obama-health-law-fails-gain-support |url-status=dead}}</ref> A later 2014 poll reported that 48.9% of respondents had an unfavorable view of ACA versus 38.3% who had a favorable view (of more than 5,500 individuals).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rand.org/health/projects/health-reform-opinion.html |title=RAND Health Reform Opinion Study |date=May 1, 2014 |publisher=RAND Health |access-date=May 10, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129194516/https://www.rand.org/health/projects/health-reform-opinion.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Another held that 8% of respondents agreed the Affordable Care Act "is working well the way it is".<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503034720/https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303678404579533362696579096 |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303678404579533362696579096 |title=The ObamaCare 8% |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=News Corp |oclc=781541372 |issn= 1042-9840 |date=April 30, 2014 |access-date=May 1, 2014}}</ref> In late 2014, a [[Rasmussen Reports|Rasmussen]] poll reported Repeal: 30%, Leave as is: 13%, Improve: 52%.<ref>[[Alan Colmes]], "[http://www.alan.com/2014/12/01/poll-voters-no-longer-want-to-repeal-obamacare/ Poll: Voters No Longer Want To Repeal Obamacare] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023012206/http://www.alan.com/2014/12/01/poll-voters-no-longer-want-to-repeal-obamacare/ |date=October 23, 2017 }}", ''Liberaland'', December 1, 2014.</ref> | ||
In 2015, a poll reported that 47% of Americans approved the health care law. This was the first time a major poll indicated that more respondents approved than disapproved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-obamacare-and-the-supreme-court/ |title=Poll: Obamacare and the Supreme Court |work=[[CBS News]] |date=June 22, 2015 |access-date=June 23, 2015 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201040030/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-obamacare-and-the-supreme-court/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A December 2016 poll reported that: a) 30% wanted to expand what the law does; b) 26% wanted to repeal the entire law; c) 19% wanted to move forward with implementing the law as it is; and d) 17% wanted to scale back what the law does, with the remainder undecided.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kff.org/health-reform/press-release/after-the-election-the-public-remains-sharply-divided-on-future-of-the-affordable-care-act/ |title=After the Election, the Public Remains Sharply Divided on Future of the Affordable Care Act |publisher=[[Kaiser Family Foundation]] |date=December 3, 2016 |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032025/https://www.kff.org/health-reform/press-release/after-the-election-the-public-remains-sharply-divided-on-future-of-the-affordable-care-act/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | In 2015, a poll reported that 47% of Americans approved the health care law. This was the first time a major poll indicated that more respondents approved than disapproved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-obamacare-and-the-supreme-court/ |title=Poll: Obamacare and the Supreme Court |work=[[CBS News]] |date=June 22, 2015 |access-date=June 23, 2015 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201040030/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-obamacare-and-the-supreme-court/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A December 2016 poll reported that: a) 30% wanted to expand what the law does; b) 26% wanted to repeal the entire law; c) 19% wanted to move forward with implementing the law as it is; and d) 17% wanted to scale back what the law does, with the remainder undecided.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kff.org/health-reform/press-release/after-the-election-the-public-remains-sharply-divided-on-future-of-the-affordable-care-act/ |title=After the Election, the Public Remains Sharply Divided on Future of the Affordable Care Act |publisher=[[Kaiser Family Foundation]] |date=December 3, 2016 |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032025/https://www.kff.org/health-reform/press-release/after-the-election-the-public-remains-sharply-divided-on-future-of-the-affordable-care-act/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
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In ''[[Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania]]'', the Supreme Court ruled 7–2 on July 8, 2020, that employers with religious or moral objections to contraceptives can exclude such coverage from an employee's insurance plan. Writing for the majority, Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] said, "No language in the statute itself even hints that Congress intended that contraception should or must be covered. It was Congress, not the [administration], that declined to expressly require contraceptive coverage in the ACA itself." Justices Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, and Kavanaugh joined Thomas's opinion. Justice [[Elena Kagan]] filed a concurring opinion in the judgment, in which [[Stephen Breyer]] joined. Justices Ginsburg and Sotomayor dissented, saying the court's ruling "leaves women workers to fend for themselves."<ref>{{cite web |title=Supreme Court allows Trump to exempt employers from Obamacare birth control mandate |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/supreme-court-trump-exempt-employers-obamacare-birth-control/story?id=71254754&cid=clicksource_4380645_2_heads_hero_live_headlines_hed |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725005137/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/supreme-court-trump-exempt-employers-obamacare-birth-control/story?id=71254754&cid=clicksource_4380645_2_heads_hero_live_headlines_hed |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |publisher=Walt Disney |access-date=June 18, 2022 |last1=Dwyer |first1=Devin}}</ref> | In ''[[Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania]]'', the Supreme Court ruled 7–2 on July 8, 2020, that employers with religious or moral objections to contraceptives can exclude such coverage from an employee's insurance plan. Writing for the majority, Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] said, "No language in the statute itself even hints that Congress intended that contraception should or must be covered. It was Congress, not the [administration], that declined to expressly require contraceptive coverage in the ACA itself." Justices Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, and Kavanaugh joined Thomas's opinion. Justice [[Elena Kagan]] filed a concurring opinion in the judgment, in which [[Stephen Breyer]] joined. Justices Ginsburg and Sotomayor dissented, saying the court's ruling "leaves women workers to fend for themselves."<ref>{{cite web |title=Supreme Court allows Trump to exempt employers from Obamacare birth control mandate |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/supreme-court-trump-exempt-employers-obamacare-birth-control/story?id=71254754&cid=clicksource_4380645_2_heads_hero_live_headlines_hed |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725005137/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/supreme-court-trump-exempt-employers-obamacare-birth-control/story?id=71254754&cid=clicksource_4380645_2_heads_hero_live_headlines_hed |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |publisher=Walt Disney |access-date=June 18, 2022 |last1=Dwyer |first1=Devin}}</ref> | ||
In a later lawsuit brought by private health insurance buyers and businesses, Judge [[Reed O'Connor]] of the Federal District Court for the Northern District of Texas ruled in March 2023 that the ACA's provision of contraceptives, HIV testing, and screenings for cancer, diabetes, and mental health violated the plaintiffs' freedom of religious exercise, and placed an injunction on that portion of the ACA. The Biden administration planned to seek a hold on O'Connor's decision.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/obamacare-insurance-preventative-care-texas-aa57fa6fd782e2170bc80210fd00065b | title=Judge's ruling undercuts US health law's preventive care | website= | In a later lawsuit brought by private health insurance buyers and businesses, Judge [[Reed O'Connor]] of the Federal District Court for the Northern District of Texas ruled in March 2023 that the ACA's provision of contraceptives, HIV testing, and screenings for cancer, diabetes, and mental health violated the plaintiffs' freedom of religious exercise, and placed an injunction on that portion of the ACA. The Biden administration planned to seek a hold on O'Connor's decision.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/obamacare-insurance-preventative-care-texas-aa57fa6fd782e2170bc80210fd00065b | title=Judge's ruling undercuts US health law's preventive care | website=Associated Press | date=March 30, 2023 | access-date=March 30, 2023 | archive-date=March 30, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330194018/https://apnews.com/article/obamacare-insurance-preventative-care-texas-aa57fa6fd782e2170bc80210fd00065b | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
====''King v Burwell''==== | ====''King v Burwell''==== | ||
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Democrats pointed out that the effect of invalidating the entire law would be to remove popular provisions such as the protection for preexisting conditions, and that the Republicans had still not offered any replacement plan—important issues in the 2020 elections.<ref name="ollstein" /> | Democrats pointed out that the effect of invalidating the entire law would be to remove popular provisions such as the protection for preexisting conditions, and that the Republicans had still not offered any replacement plan—important issues in the 2020 elections.<ref name="ollstein" /> | ||
On June 17, 2021, the Court rejected the challenge in a 7–2 decision, ruling that Texas and the other plaintiff states did not have standing to challenge the provision, leaving the full ACA intact.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-dismisses-obamacare-challenge-67cc2e9604a70b1b329c5f3b4177a688 |title=Supreme Court dismisses challenge to Obama health law |first=Mark |last=Sherman |date=June 17, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |publisher= | On June 17, 2021, the Court rejected the challenge in a 7–2 decision, ruling that Texas and the other plaintiff states did not have standing to challenge the provision, leaving the full ACA intact.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-dismisses-obamacare-challenge-67cc2e9604a70b1b329c5f3b4177a688 |title=Supreme Court dismisses challenge to Obama health law |first=Mark |last=Sherman |date=June 17, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015225822/https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-dismisses-obamacare-challenge-67cc2e9604a70b1b329c5f3b4177a688 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/affordable-care-act-survives-supreme-court-challenge-again-n1271151 |title=Affordable Care Act survives Supreme Court challenge (again) |first=Steve |last=Benen |author-link=Steve Benen |date=June 17, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106212447/https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/affordable-care-act-survives-supreme-court-challenge-again-n1271151 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Ariane de Vogue and Chandelis Duster |title=Supreme Court dismisses challenge to Affordable Care Act, leaving it in place |date=June 17, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/17/politics/supreme-court-affordable-care-act-obamacare/index.html |access-date=2021-06-18 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618193127/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/17/politics/supreme-court-affordable-care-act-obamacare/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
====Risk corridors==== | ====Risk corridors==== | ||