Antideficiency Act: Difference between revisions

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 ==Provisions==
-The Antideficiency Act has evolved over time in response to various abuses. The earliest version of the legislation was enacted in 1870 ({{USStat|16|251}}), after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], to end the executive branch's long history of creating [[Coercive deficiency|coercive deficiencies]]. Many agencies, particularly the [[United States Armed Forces|military]], would intentionally run out of money, obligating Congress to provide additional funds to avoid [[Breach of contract|breaching contract]]s. Some went as far as to spend their entire budget in the first few months of the fiscal year, funding the rest of the year after the fact with additional appropriations from Congress.{{sfn|General Accounting Office|1982|pp=6–9}}<ref name="Atlantic Cohen">{{cite news|title=The Odd Story of the Law That Dictates How Government Shutdowns Work|first=Andrew|last=Cohen|work=The Atlantic|publisher=Atlantic Media|date=2013-09-28|access-date=2019-02-18|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/09/the-odd-story-of-the-law-that-dictates-how-government-shutdowns-work/280047/}}</ref> The act provided:
+The Antideficiency Act has evolved over time in response to various abuses. The earliest version of the legislation was enacted in 1870 ({{USStat|16|251}}), after the Civil War, to end the executive branch's long history of creating [[Coercive deficiency|coercive deficiencies]]. Many agencies, particularly the [[United States Armed Forces|military]], would intentionally run out of money, obligating Congress to provide additional funds to avoid [[Breach of contract|breaching contract]]s. Some went as far as to spend their entire budget in the first few months of the fiscal year, funding the rest of the year after the fact with additional appropriations from Congress.{{sfn|General Accounting Office|1982|pp=6–9}}<ref name="Atlantic Cohen">{{cite news|title=The Odd Story of the Law That Dictates How Government Shutdowns Work|first=Andrew|last=Cohen|work=The Atlantic|publisher=Atlantic Media|date=2013-09-28|access-date=2019-02-18|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/09/the-odd-story-of-the-law-that-dictates-how-government-shutdowns-work/280047/}}</ref> The act provided:
 <blockquote>... that it shall not be lawful for any department of the government to expend in any one fiscal year any sum in excess of appropriations made by Congress for that fiscal year, or to involve the government in any contract for the future payment of money in excess of such appropriations.<ref>{{cite book|title=Free Course Book for Course 3: Statutory Law and Intelligence 2011|author=Jordan, David Alan|page=386|url=http://intelligencelaw.com/files/pdf/law_books/free_course_book_3_statutory_law_and_intelligence_2011.pdf}}</ref></blockquote>