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A second wave of French-Canadian immigrants settled in Michigan during the late 19th to early 20th century, working in lumbering areas in counties on the Lake Huron side of the Lower Peninsula, such as the Saginaw Valley, Alpena, and Cheboygan counties, as well as throughout the Upper Peninsula, with large concentrations in Escanaba and the [[Keweenaw Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Dulong |first = John |title = French Canadians in Michigan |year = 2001 |publisher = Michigan State University Press |location = Lansing, Michigan |isbn = 978-0-87013-582-8 |pages = 3–5}}</ref>  
A second wave of French-Canadian immigrants settled in Michigan during the late 19th to early 20th century, working in lumbering areas in counties on the Lake Huron side of the Lower Peninsula, such as the Saginaw Valley, Alpena, and Cheboygan counties, as well as throughout the Upper Peninsula, with large concentrations in Escanaba and the [[Keweenaw Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Dulong |first = John |title = French Canadians in Michigan |year = 2001 |publisher = Michigan State University Press |location = Lansing, Michigan |isbn = 978-0-87013-582-8 |pages = 3–5}}</ref>  


The first statewide meeting of the [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] took place on July 6, 1854, in [[Jackson, Michigan]], where the party adopted its platform.{{cn|date=February 2024}} The state was predominantly Republican until the 1930s, reflecting the political continuity of migrants from across the Northern Tier of New England and New York.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Michigan made [[Michigan in the American Civil War|a significant contribution]] to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] in the [[American Civil War]] and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
The first statewide meeting of the [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] took place on July 6, 1854, in [[Jackson, Michigan]], where the party adopted its platform.{{cn|date=February 2024}} The state was predominantly Republican until the 1930s, reflecting the political continuity of migrants from across the Northern Tier of New England and New York.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Michigan made [[Michigan in the American Civil War|a significant contribution]] to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] in the American Civil War and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies.{{cn|date=February 2024}}


Michigan modernized and expanded its system of education in this period.{{cn|date=February 2024}} The Michigan State Normal School, now [[Eastern Michigan University]], was founded in 1849, for the training of teachers.{{cn|date=February 2024}} It was the fourth oldest [[normal school]] in the [[United States]] and the first [[normal school#United States|U.S. normal school]] outside [[New England]].{{cn|date=February 2024}} In 1899, the Michigan State Normal School became the first normal school in the nation to offer a four-year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1855), now [[Michigan State University]] in [[East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]], was founded as the first [[agricultural college]] in the nation.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Many private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities established high schools late in the century.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Dunbar |last2 = May |title = Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State |url = https://archive.org/details/michiganhistoryo01dunb |url-access = registration |chapter = Chapter 14 |year = 1980 |publisher = Eerdman |isbn = 9780802870438 |name-list-style = amp}}</ref>
Michigan modernized and expanded its system of education in this period.{{cn|date=February 2024}} The Michigan State Normal School, now [[Eastern Michigan University]], was founded in 1849, for the training of teachers.{{cn|date=February 2024}} It was the fourth oldest [[normal school]] in the [[United States]] and the first [[normal school#United States|U.S. normal school]] outside [[New England]].{{cn|date=February 2024}} In 1899, the Michigan State Normal School became the first normal school in the nation to offer a four-year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1855), now [[Michigan State University]] in [[East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]], was founded as the first [[agricultural college]] in the nation.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Many private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities established high schools late in the century.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Dunbar |last2 = May |title = Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State |url = https://archive.org/details/michiganhistoryo01dunb |url-access = registration |chapter = Chapter 14 |year = 1980 |publisher = Eerdman |isbn = 9780802870438 |name-list-style = amp}}</ref>