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Hawaii: Difference between revisions
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During the Cold War, Hawai'i became an important site for U.S. [[cultural diplomacy]], military training, research, and as a staging ground for the U.S. [[Vietnam War|war in Vietnam]].<ref name=":Cheng2">{{Cite book |last=Cheng |first=Wendy |title=Island X: Taiwanese Student Migrants, Campus Spies, and Cold War Activism |date=2023 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=9780295752051 |location=Seattle, WA}}</ref>{{Rp|page=105}} | During the Cold War, Hawai'i became an important site for U.S. [[cultural diplomacy]], military training, research, and as a staging ground for the U.S. [[Vietnam War|war in Vietnam]].<ref name=":Cheng2">{{Cite book |last=Cheng |first=Wendy |title=Island X: Taiwanese Student Migrants, Campus Spies, and Cold War Activism |date=2023 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=9780295752051 |location=Seattle, WA}}</ref>{{Rp|page=105}} | ||
In March 1959, Congress passed the [[Hawaii Admission Act|Hawai{{okina}}i Admissions Act]], which U.S. President | In March 1959, Congress passed the [[Hawaii Admission Act|Hawai{{okina}}i Admissions Act]], which U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law.<ref>{{cite video |title=Video: Aloha Hawaii. islanders Celebrate Long-Sought Statehood, 1959/03/16 (1959) |url=https://archive.org/details/1959-03-16_Aloha_Hawaii |url-status=live |publisher=[[Universal Newsreel]] |year=1959 |access-date=February 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515045750/https://archive.org/details/1959-03-16_Aloha_Hawaii |archive-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> The act excluded [[Palmyra Atoll]] from statehood; it had been part of the Kingdom and Territory of Hawai{{okina}}i. On June 27, 1959, a referendum asked residents of Hawai{{okina}}i to vote on the statehood bill; 94.3% voted in favor of statehood and 5.7% opposed it.<ref name="celebrating-50-years-of-statehood">{{cite web |url=http://archive.lingle.hawaii.gov/govgallery/news/files/2009/march/celebrating-50-years-of-statehood |title=Commemorating 50 Years of Statehood |website=archive.lingle.hawaii.gov |publisher=State of Hawaii |date=March 18, 2009 |access-date=March 21, 2014 |quote=On June 27, 1959, a plebiscite was held to allow Hawai{{okina}}i residents to ratify the congressional vote for statehood. The 'yes for statehood' garnered 94.3 percent (132,773 votes) while the 'no' ballots totaled 5.7 percent (7,971 votes). |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321081230/http://archive.lingle.hawaii.gov/govgallery/news/files/2009/march/celebrating-50-years-of-statehood |archive-date=March 21, 2014}}</ref> The referendum asked voters to choose between accepting the Act and remaining a U.S. territory. The United Nations' [[Special Committee on Decolonization]] later removed Hawai{{okina}}i from [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|its list of non-self-governing territories]]. | ||
After attaining statehood, Hawai{{okina}}i quickly modernized through construction and a rapidly growing tourism economy. Later, state programs promoted Hawaiian culture.{{which|date=March 2015}} The [[1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention|Hawai{{okina}}i State Constitutional Convention of 1978]] created institutions such as the [[Office of Hawaiian Affairs]] to promote indigenous language and culture.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Van Dyke |first=Jon |title=The Constitutionality of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/uhawlr7&div=9&id=&page= |url-status=live |journal=University of Hawaiʻi Law Review |volume=7 |page=63 |date=1985 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921094007/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fuhawlr7&div=9&id=&page= |archive-date=September 21, 2020}}</ref> | After attaining statehood, Hawai{{okina}}i quickly modernized through construction and a rapidly growing tourism economy. Later, state programs promoted Hawaiian culture.{{which|date=March 2015}} The [[1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention|Hawai{{okina}}i State Constitutional Convention of 1978]] created institutions such as the [[Office of Hawaiian Affairs]] to promote indigenous language and culture.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Van Dyke |first=Jon |title=The Constitutionality of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/uhawlr7&div=9&id=&page= |url-status=live |journal=University of Hawaiʻi Law Review |volume=7 |page=63 |date=1985 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921094007/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fuhawlr7&div=9&id=&page= |archive-date=September 21, 2020}}</ref> | ||