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Immediately after establishing the company, the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] asked [[Percy Cox]], British resident to [[Bushehr Province|Bushehr]], to negotiate an agreement with [[Khazʽal Ibn Jabir|Sheikh Khaz'al Ibn Jabir]] of [[Emirate of Arabistan|Arabistan]] for APOC to obtain a site on [[Abadan, Iran|Abadan]] Island for a [[refinery]], depot, [[storage tank]]s, and other operations. The refinery was built and began operating in 1912.<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, the British government acquired a controlling interest (50.0025%) in the company, at the urging of [[Winston Churchill]], the then [[First Lord of the Admiralty]], and the British navy quickly switched from coal to oil for the majority of their war ships.<ref name=masjid/><ref name=bbc110898/><ref name=beale/> APOC also signed a 30-year contract with the [[British Admiralty]] for supplying oil for the [[Royal Navy]] at the fixed price.<ref name="Atabaki"/> In 1915, APOC established its shipping subsidiary the [[British Tanker Company]] and in 1916, it acquired the British Petroleum Company which was a marketing arm of the German ''Europäische Petroleum Union'' in Britain.<ref name=masjid/> In 1919, the company became a [[shale oil|shale-oil]] producer by establishing a subsidiary named Scottish Oils which merged remaining Scottish [[oil shale industry|oil-shale industries]].<ref name="ferrier-shale"/><ref name=marwick/><ref name=uphall/><ref name=museum/> | Immediately after establishing the company, the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] asked [[Percy Cox]], British resident to [[Bushehr Province|Bushehr]], to negotiate an agreement with [[Khazʽal Ibn Jabir|Sheikh Khaz'al Ibn Jabir]] of [[Emirate of Arabistan|Arabistan]] for APOC to obtain a site on [[Abadan, Iran|Abadan]] Island for a [[refinery]], depot, [[storage tank]]s, and other operations. The refinery was built and began operating in 1912.<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, the British government acquired a controlling interest (50.0025%) in the company, at the urging of [[Winston Churchill]], the then [[First Lord of the Admiralty]], and the British navy quickly switched from coal to oil for the majority of their war ships.<ref name=masjid/><ref name=bbc110898/><ref name=beale/> APOC also signed a 30-year contract with the [[British Admiralty]] for supplying oil for the [[Royal Navy]] at the fixed price.<ref name="Atabaki"/> In 1915, APOC established its shipping subsidiary the [[British Tanker Company]] and in 1916, it acquired the British Petroleum Company which was a marketing arm of the German ''Europäische Petroleum Union'' in Britain.<ref name=masjid/> In 1919, the company became a [[shale oil|shale-oil]] producer by establishing a subsidiary named Scottish Oils which merged remaining Scottish [[oil shale industry|oil-shale industries]].<ref name="ferrier-shale"/><ref name=marwick/><ref name=uphall/><ref name=museum/> | ||
After | After World War I, APOC started marketing its products in [[Continental Europe]] and acquired stakes in the local [[marketing]] companies in several European countries. Refineries were built in [[Llandarcy]] in Wales (the first refinery in the United Kingdom) and [[Grangemouth Refinery|Grangemouth]] in Scotland. It also acquired the controlling stake in the [[Courchelettes]] refinery in France and formed, in conjunction with the [[Government of Australia]], a partnership named [[Commonwealth Oil Refineries]], which built the Australian's first refinery in [[Laverton, Victoria]].<ref name=masjid/> In 1923, Burmah employed [[Winston Churchill]] as a paid consultant to [[Lobbying|lobby]] the British government to allow APOC have exclusive rights to [[Iran|Persian]] oil resources, which were subsequently granted by the Iranian monarchy.<ref name=independent030909/> | ||
APOC and the Armenian businessman [[Calouste Gulbenkian]] were the driving forces behind the creation of [[Turkish Petroleum Company]] (TPC) in 1912, to explore oil in [[Mesopotamia]] (now Iraq); and by 1914, APOC held 50% of TPC shares.<ref name=MetzTPC/> In 1925, TPC received concession in the [[Oil reserves in Iraq|Mesopotamian oil resources]] from the [[Kingdom of Iraq (Mandate administration)|Iraqi government]] under British mandate. TPC finally struck oil in Iraq on 14 October 1927. By 1928, the APOC's shareholding in TPC, which by now was named [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] (IPC), was reduced to 23.75%; as the result of the changing geopolitics post [[Ottoman empire]] break-up, and the [[Red Line Agreement]].<ref name="GT-DEX-1920-78"/> Relations were generally cordial between the pro-west [[Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq|Hashemite Monarchy (1932–58)]] in Iraq and IPC, in spite of disputes centred on Iraq's wish for greater involvement and more royalties. During the 1928–68 time period, IPC monopolised oil exploration inside the [[Red Line Agreement|Red Line]]; excluding Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.<ref name=SH/><ref name=yergin/> | APOC and the Armenian businessman [[Calouste Gulbenkian]] were the driving forces behind the creation of [[Turkish Petroleum Company]] (TPC) in 1912, to explore oil in [[Mesopotamia]] (now Iraq); and by 1914, APOC held 50% of TPC shares.<ref name=MetzTPC/> In 1925, TPC received concession in the [[Oil reserves in Iraq|Mesopotamian oil resources]] from the [[Kingdom of Iraq (Mandate administration)|Iraqi government]] under British mandate. TPC finally struck oil in Iraq on 14 October 1927. By 1928, the APOC's shareholding in TPC, which by now was named [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] (IPC), was reduced to 23.75%; as the result of the changing geopolitics post [[Ottoman empire]] break-up, and the [[Red Line Agreement]].<ref name="GT-DEX-1920-78"/> Relations were generally cordial between the pro-west [[Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq|Hashemite Monarchy (1932–58)]] in Iraq and IPC, in spite of disputes centred on Iraq's wish for greater involvement and more royalties. During the 1928–68 time period, IPC monopolised oil exploration inside the [[Red Line Agreement|Red Line]]; excluding Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.<ref name=SH/><ref name=yergin/> | ||