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Civil Rights Act of 1968: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
{{Further|Chicago Freedom Movement|Ghetto riots}} | {{Further|Chicago Freedom Movement|Ghetto riots}} | ||
The first shift towards equality for African Americans occurred when President | The first shift towards equality for African Americans occurred when President Abraham Lincoln passed the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in 1863, which declared that "all persons held as slaves... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free...".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Image 1 of The first edition of Abraham Lincoln's final emancipation proclamation.|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/lprbscsm.scsm1016/?sp=1|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Library of Congress| date=January 1863 }}</ref> The [[Civil Rights Act of 1866]] declared all people born in the United States are legally citizens. That means they could rent, hold, sell and buy property. It was meant to help former slaves, and those who refused to grant the new rights to ex-slaves were guilty and punishable under law. The penalty was a fine of $1000 or a maximum of one year in jail. The 1866 act provided no means to enforce the provisions. | ||
The [[Civil Rights Movement]] (1954–1968), beginning after the ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]] case,'' paved the way for the passage of a few civil rights bills. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]] created the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] and the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division]]. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]] enacted federal legislation of local registration polls and if anyone obstructed someone's right to vote, there were severe penalties. It also extended the Civil Rights Commission, so it could oversee registration and voting practices. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation, and employment discrimination were also prohibited. The [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibited racial discrimination in voting. The Act was later expanded to help protect the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country (mainly the South). | The [[Civil Rights Movement]] (1954–1968), beginning after the ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]] case,'' paved the way for the passage of a few civil rights bills. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]] created the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] and the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division]]. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]] enacted federal legislation of local registration polls and if anyone obstructed someone's right to vote, there were severe penalties. It also extended the Civil Rights Commission, so it could oversee registration and voting practices. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation, and employment discrimination were also prohibited. The [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibited racial discrimination in voting. The Act was later expanded to help protect the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country (mainly the South). | ||