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Arizona: Difference between revisions
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During the [[Mexican–American War]] (1847–1848), the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] occupied the national capital of [[Mexico City]] and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became [[Territory of Arizona (United States)|Arizona Territory]] in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|title=United States conqures arizona|url=https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/mexican-american-war/|last1=|first1=|website=history|access-date=December 10, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121223944/https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/mexican-american-war|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of $15{{spaces}}million in compensation ({{inflation|US|15000000|1848|fmt=eq|r=2}}) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.<ref>[[Mexican–American War]] as accessed on March 16, 2007, at 7:33 MST AM</ref> In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the [[Gila River]] from Mexico in the [[Gadsden Purchase]] along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gadsden purchase|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gadsden-purchase/|last1=|first1=|website=historytoday|access-date=December 2, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228060057/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gadsden-purchase|url-status=live}}</ref> | During the [[Mexican–American War]] (1847–1848), the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] occupied the national capital of [[Mexico City]] and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became [[Territory of Arizona (United States)|Arizona Territory]] in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|title=United States conqures arizona|url=https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/mexican-american-war/|last1=|first1=|website=history|access-date=December 10, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121223944/https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/mexican-american-war|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of $15{{spaces}}million in compensation ({{inflation|US|15000000|1848|fmt=eq|r=2}}) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.<ref>[[Mexican–American War]] as accessed on March 16, 2007, at 7:33 MST AM</ref> In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the [[Gila River]] from Mexico in the [[Gadsden Purchase]] along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gadsden purchase|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gadsden-purchase/|last1=|first1=|website=historytoday|access-date=December 2, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228060057/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gadsden-purchase|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
What is now the state of Arizona was administered by the United States government as part of the [[Territory of New Mexico]] from 1850 until the southern part of that region seceded from the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] to form the [[Confederate Arizona|Territory of Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.tripod.com/~azrebel/page9.html |title=Arizona Ordinance of secession presented by the Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona |publisher=Members.tripod.com |date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061002100903/http://members.tripod.com/%7Eazrebel/page9.html |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This newly established territory was formally organized by the federal government of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when [[President of the Confederate States of America|President]] [[Jefferson Davis]] approved and signed ''An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona'',<ref>{{cite book |author=United States. Cong. Senate |date=1904 |orig-year=1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.: 1861–1862 |title=Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. Volume I |url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofcongres00conf#page/690/mode/2up |version=58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234 |location=Washington |publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |page=691 |lccn=05012700 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=August 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222035453/https://archive.org/stream/journalofcongres00conf#page/690/mode/2up |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> marking the first official use of the name "Territory of Arizona". The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, [[Company A, Arizona Rangers|Arizona scout companies]] served with the [[Confederate States Army]] during the | What is now the state of Arizona was administered by the United States government as part of the [[Territory of New Mexico]] from 1850 until the southern part of that region seceded from the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] to form the [[Confederate Arizona|Territory of Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.tripod.com/~azrebel/page9.html |title=Arizona Ordinance of secession presented by the Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona |publisher=Members.tripod.com |date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061002100903/http://members.tripod.com/%7Eazrebel/page9.html |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This newly established territory was formally organized by the federal government of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when [[President of the Confederate States of America|President]] [[Jefferson Davis]] approved and signed ''An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona'',<ref>{{cite book |author=United States. Cong. Senate |date=1904 |orig-year=1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.: 1861–1862 |title=Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. Volume I |url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofcongres00conf#page/690/mode/2up |version=58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234 |location=Washington |publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |page=691 |lccn=05012700 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=August 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222035453/https://archive.org/stream/journalofcongres00conf#page/690/mode/2up |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> marking the first official use of the name "Territory of Arizona". The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, [[Company A, Arizona Rangers|Arizona scout companies]] served with the [[Confederate States Army]] during the American Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the [[Battle of Picacho Pass]] (1862).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Picacho Peak |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/picacho-peak |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Apache chieff Geronimo (right) and his warriors in 1886.jpg|thumb|[[Geronimo]] (far right) and his [[Apache]] warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.]] | [[File:Apache chieff Geronimo (right) and his warriors in 1886.jpg|thumb|[[Geronimo]] (far right) and his [[Apache]] warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.]] | ||