South Carolina: Difference between revisions

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 '''South Carolina''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-South Carolina.ogg|ˌ|k|ær|ə|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} {{respell|KARR|ə|LY|nə}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Southeastern United States|Southeastern]] region of the [[United States]]. It borders [[North Carolina]] to the north and northeast, the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the southeast, and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] to the southwest and south across the [[Savannah River]]. Along with North Carolina, it makes up the [[Carolinas]] region of the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]]. South Carolina is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|40th-largest]] and [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|23rd-most populous U.S. state]] with a recorded population of 5,118,425 according to the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020CensusQuickFacts"/> In {{As of|2019|bare=yes}}, its GDP was $213.45&nbsp;billion. South Carolina is composed of [[List of counties in South Carolina|46 counties]]. The capital is [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] with a population of 136,632 in 2020;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/columbiacitysouthcarolina |title=QuickFacts: Columbia city, South Carolina |access-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611105511/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/columbiacitysouthcarolina/PST045218 |archive-date=June 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> while its [[List of municipalities in South Carolina|most populous city]] is [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] with a 2020 population of 150,227.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/charlestoncitysouthcarolina |title=QuickFacts: Charleston city, South Carolina |access-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042617/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/charlestoncitysouthcarolina/PST045218 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Upstate South Carolina|Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area]] is the most populous [[Combined statistical area|combined metropolitan area]] in the state, with an estimated 2023 population of 1,590,636.<ref name="PopEstCBSA"/>
-South Carolina derives its name from King [[Charles I of England]], who was instrumental in establishing the English colony, with ''Carolus'' being the Latin equivalent of "Charles".<ref>{{cite book|last=N. C. Board of Agriculture|title=A sketch of North Carolina|url=https://archive.org/details/sketchofnorthcar00nort|date=1902|publisher=Lucas-Richardson Co|location=Charleston|page=[https://archive.org/details/sketchofnorthcar00nort/page/4 4]|ol=6918901M}}</ref> The [[Province of South Carolina]] was officially created in 1712. As one of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], it transitioned to a [[Crown colony|royal colony]] in 1719. Throughout the [[American Revolutionary War]], South Carolina witnessed significant military engagement, hosting over 200 battles and skirmishes.<ref>[https://discoversouthcarolina.com/revolutionary-war Revolutionary War in South Carolina]. ''Discover South Carolina''. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</ref> On May 23, 1788, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]]. As a [[slave states and free states|slave state]], it was the first to vote for secession from the Union on December 20, 1860. Following the American Civil War, South Carolina was readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868.
+South Carolina derives its name from King [[Charles I of England]], who was instrumental in establishing the English colony, with ''Carolus'' being the Latin equivalent of "Charles".<ref>{{cite book|last=N. C. Board of Agriculture|title=A sketch of North Carolina|url=https://archive.org/details/sketchofnorthcar00nort|date=1902|publisher=Lucas-Richardson Co|location=Charleston|page=[https://archive.org/details/sketchofnorthcar00nort/page/4 4]|ol=6918901M}}</ref> The [[Province of South Carolina]] was officially created in 1712. As one of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], it transitioned to a [[Crown colony|royal colony]] in 1719. Throughout the American Revolutionary War, South Carolina witnessed significant military engagement, hosting over 200 battles and skirmishes.<ref>[https://discoversouthcarolina.com/revolutionary-war Revolutionary War in South Carolina]. ''Discover South Carolina''. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</ref> On May 23, 1788, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]]. As a [[slave states and free states|slave state]], it was the first to vote for secession from the Union on December 20, 1860. Following the American Civil War, South Carolina was readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868.
 In the early to mid-20th century, South Carolina experienced significant economic development with the establishment of numerous [[textile manufacturing|textile mills]] and [[mill town|factories]] throughout the state. The [[civil rights movement]] during the mid-20th century played a crucial role in dismantling segregation and discriminatory laws in the state. Following [[World War II]], South Carolina's [[economic diversity|economic diversification]] accelerated, leading to a broader range of industries. By the early 21st century, the state's [[Economy of South Carolina|economy]] had evolved to include sectors such as [[aerospace]], [[agribusiness]], [[automotive industry|automotive manufacturing]], and tourism.<ref>[https://greerdevelopment.com/2019-top-industries-in-south-carolina/ 2019 Top Industries in South Carolina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615023631/https://greerdevelopment.com/2019-top-industries-in-south-carolina/ |date=June 15, 2021 }}. ''greerdevelopment.com''. Retrieved June 14, 2021.</ref>
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 On March 26, 1776, the colony adopted the [[Constitution of South Carolina]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sc01.asp |title=The Avalon Project : Constitution of South Carolina – March 26, 1776 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu |date=June 30, 1906 |access-date=December 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117080717/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sc01.asp |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> electing [[John Rutledge]] as the state's first president. In February 1778, South Carolina became the first state to ratify the [[Articles of Confederation]],<ref>{{cite web|title=South Carolina State and Local Government|url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/SC.html|website=The Green Papers|access-date=October 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115104528/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/SC.html|archive-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> the initial governing document of the United States, and in May 1788, South Carolina ratified the [[United States Constitution]], becoming the eighth state to enter the union.
-During the [[American Revolutionary War]] (1775–1783), about a third of combat action took place in South Carolina,<ref name=gordon>{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=John W.|title=South Carolina and the American Revolution : a battlefield history|date=2007|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|location=Columbia|isbn=978-1570036613|edition=Paperback}}</ref> more than any other state.<ref name="sc-lib"/> Inhabitants of the state endured being invaded by British forces and an ongoing civil war between loyalists and partisans that devastated the backcountry.<ref name=gordon/> It is estimated 25,000 slaves (30% of those in South Carolina) fled, migrated or died during the war.<ref>Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery: 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1994, p.73</ref>
+During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), about a third of combat action took place in South Carolina,<ref name=gordon>{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=John W.|title=South Carolina and the American Revolution : a battlefield history|date=2007|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|location=Columbia|isbn=978-1570036613|edition=Paperback}}</ref> more than any other state.<ref name="sc-lib"/> Inhabitants of the state endured being invaded by British forces and an ongoing civil war between loyalists and partisans that devastated the backcountry.<ref name=gordon/> It is estimated 25,000 slaves (30% of those in South Carolina) fled, migrated or died during the war.<ref>Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery: 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1994, p.73</ref>
 ===Antebellum===