Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the Services: Difference between revisions

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 ==Formation==
-The [[Women's Armed Services Integration Act]] of 1948 established specific roles for women in the peacetime Armed Forces of the United States. Previously, women had only been allowed to serve as nurses in peacetime with a wider variety of roles only open to them in time of war.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Frank|editor-first=Lisa Tendrich|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War|year=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=627–8|isbn=9781598844443|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn7Dj6qUn6kC&pg=PA627}}</ref> However, with the start of the [[Korean War]] in June 1950, the DoD began to investigate ways to increase recruitment and retention of women in all services. Internal inquiries from defense agencies, such as the [[National Security Resources Board]], and external pressure from politicians, such as [[Margaret Chase Smith|Senator Margaret Chase Smith]], added to the sense of urgency in defining a more comprehensive position for women in the military.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Women in the military : an unfinished revolution|last=Holm, Jeanne, 1921-2010.|date=1992|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0891414509|edition= Rev.|location=Novato, CA|oclc=26012907}}</ref>
+The [[Women's Armed Services Integration Act]] of 1948 established specific roles for women in the peacetime Armed Forces of the United States. Previously, women had only been allowed to serve as nurses in peacetime with a wider variety of roles only open to them in time of war.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Frank|editor-first=Lisa Tendrich|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War|year=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=627–8|isbn=9781598844443|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn7Dj6qUn6kC&pg=PA627}}</ref> However, with the start of the Korean War in June 1950, the DoD began to investigate ways to increase recruitment and retention of women in all services. Internal inquiries from defense agencies, such as the [[National Security Resources Board]], and external pressure from politicians, such as [[Margaret Chase Smith|Senator Margaret Chase Smith]], added to the sense of urgency in defining a more comprehensive position for women in the military.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Women in the military : an unfinished revolution|last=Holm, Jeanne, 1921-2010.|date=1992|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0891414509|edition= Rev.|location=Novato, CA|oclc=26012907}}</ref>
 At the suggestion of [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs|Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower]] [[Anna M. Rosenberg|Anna Rosenberg]], Marshall formed the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services in August 1951. Its first chair was [[Mary Pillsbury Lord]], a civic activist who had been chair of the National Civilian Advisory Committee of the [[Women's Army Corps]] (WAC).<ref name=":0" /> Some of its original members included [[Oveta Culp Hobby]], the first WAC director; [[Mildred McAfee Horton]], former director of the [[WAVES|Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)]]; [[Ruth Cheney Streeter|Ruth Streeter]], former director of the [[Women Marines]]; actress [[Helen Hayes]]; [[Sarah Gibson Blanding|Sarah G. Blanding]], [[Vassar College]] president; engineer [[Lillian Moller Gilbreth|Lillian Gilbreth]]; and publisher [[Bruce Gould and Beatrice Blackmar Gould|Beatrice Gould]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-14-1/index.html|title=The Women's Army Corps, 1945–1978|last=Morden|first=Bettie J.|year=1990|website=history.army.mil|publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=70–72|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301233917/http://www.history.army.mil:80/html/books/030/30-14-1/index.html |archive-date=2015-03-01 |access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> Meeting for three days at the Pentagon in 1951, they heard presentations about recruiting and the possible need for a women's draft based on the failure of recruiting during World War II to meet the military services' requirements for women.<ref>{{cite news|title=80,000 Women Set as Needed in Services|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/09/19/84870305.pdf |accessdate=June 9, 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 19, 2013}}</ref> The committee helped to develop policies and standards for women in the military—using them, expanding their opportunities, recruiting them, and training them. The committee ensured that military women would have representation at the Department of Defense.<ref name=":1" />

Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the Services: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 01:17, 26 January 2025