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Agency for International Development: Difference between revisions
Agency for International Development (view source)
Revision as of 00:52, 26 January 2025
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====Eisenhower administration==== | ====Eisenhower administration==== | ||
In 1953, the administration of Pres. | In 1953, the administration of Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower took office. The President's party, which had been out of the White House since 1933,<ref>The only times the Republican Party had a majority in either house of Congress in the 48-year span from 1933 to 1981 was in 1947-1949 when it enjoyed small majorities in both houses in the 80th Congress under Pres. Truman and in 1953-1955 when it had majorities in both houses of the 83rd Congress under Pres. Eisenhower.</ref> took a critical view of the previous administrations' policies, including both the globalizing policies of the 1940s and the New Deal initiatives of the 1930s.<ref>The New Deal's Tennessee Valley Authority was the model for some major development assistance projects. See Ekbladh (2002).</ref> | ||
An overall goal of the new administration was to administer the government efficiently and cut spending.<ref>Kaufman (1982), p. 14.</ref> While TCA's technical assistance to developing countries was a small budget item and was considered a long-term program (although fresh funds were appropriated annually), "economic assistance" (or "defense support") was considered an inherently short-term measure.<ref>Bingham (1953), p. 38.</ref> In place of U.S. economic assistance, the Eisenhower administration proposed that U.S. allies should increasingly finance themselves through their own exports: in other words, through "trade not aid".<ref>Kaufman (1982), ch. 2, pp. 12–33.</ref> With respect to financial assistance for developing countries, the policy was maintained that it should be provided primarily by the U.S. Export-Import Bank and by the World Bank,<ref>U.S. documents of the 1950s usually referred to the World Bank as "the International Bank."</ref> and that it should be available only on commercial terms and primarily to finance private investment.<ref>Glick (1957), pp. 130–136: "The Relation of Technical Co-operation to Economic Aid."</ref> | An overall goal of the new administration was to administer the government efficiently and cut spending.<ref>Kaufman (1982), p. 14.</ref> While TCA's technical assistance to developing countries was a small budget item and was considered a long-term program (although fresh funds were appropriated annually), "economic assistance" (or "defense support") was considered an inherently short-term measure.<ref>Bingham (1953), p. 38.</ref> In place of U.S. economic assistance, the Eisenhower administration proposed that U.S. allies should increasingly finance themselves through their own exports: in other words, through "trade not aid".<ref>Kaufman (1982), ch. 2, pp. 12–33.</ref> With respect to financial assistance for developing countries, the policy was maintained that it should be provided primarily by the U.S. Export-Import Bank and by the World Bank,<ref>U.S. documents of the 1950s usually referred to the World Bank as "the International Bank."</ref> and that it should be available only on commercial terms and primarily to finance private investment.<ref>Glick (1957), pp. 130–136: "The Relation of Technical Co-operation to Economic Aid."</ref> | ||