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Navy: Difference between revisions
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The United States Navy traces its origins to the [[Continental Navy]], which was established during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the [[Barbary pirates]] from [[Algiers]], the [[United States Congress]] passed the [[Naval Act of 1794]] for the construction of [[Original six frigates of the United States Navy|six heavy frigates]], the first ships of the Navy. The United States Navy played a major role in the | The United States Navy traces its origins to the [[Continental Navy]], which was established during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the [[Barbary pirates]] from [[Algiers]], the [[United States Congress]] passed the [[Naval Act of 1794]] for the construction of [[Original six frigates of the United States Navy|six heavy frigates]], the first ships of the Navy. The United States Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by [[Union blockade|blockading]] the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] and seizing control of its rivers. It played the central role in the [[World War II]] defeat of [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]]. The United States Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world. The modern United States Navy maintains a sizable global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], the [[Mediterranean]], and the Indian Ocean. It is a [[blue-water navy]] with the ability to [[power projection|project force]] onto the [[littoral zone|littoral regions]] of the world, engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises, making it a frequent actor in American foreign and military policy.<!-- any history details in between belongs in the History/Origins section below --> | ||
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During the [[Mexican–American War]] the U.S. Navy blockaded Mexican ports, capturing or burning the Mexican fleet in the [[Gulf of California]] and capturing all major cities in [[Baja California]] peninsula. In 1846–1848 the Navy successfully used the [[Pacific Squadron]] under Commodore [[Robert Stockton|Robert F. Stockton]] and its marines and blue-jackets to facilitate the capture of California with large-scale land operations coordinated with the local militia organized in the [[California Battalion]]. The Navy conducted the U.S. military's first large-scale amphibious joint operation by successfully landing 12,000 army troops with their equipment in one day at [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], Mexico. When larger guns were needed to bombard Veracruz, Navy volunteers landed large guns and manned them in the successful bombardment and capture of the city. This successful landing and capture of Veracruz opened the way for the capture of Mexico City and the end of the war.<ref name="multiple1" /> The U.S. Navy established itself as a player in [[United States foreign policy]] through the actions of [[Commodore (USN)|Commodore]] [[Matthew Perry (naval officer)|Matthew C. Perry]] in Japan, which resulted in the [[Convention of Kanagawa]] in 1854. | During the [[Mexican–American War]] the U.S. Navy blockaded Mexican ports, capturing or burning the Mexican fleet in the [[Gulf of California]] and capturing all major cities in [[Baja California]] peninsula. In 1846–1848 the Navy successfully used the [[Pacific Squadron]] under Commodore [[Robert Stockton|Robert F. Stockton]] and its marines and blue-jackets to facilitate the capture of California with large-scale land operations coordinated with the local militia organized in the [[California Battalion]]. The Navy conducted the U.S. military's first large-scale amphibious joint operation by successfully landing 12,000 army troops with their equipment in one day at [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], Mexico. When larger guns were needed to bombard Veracruz, Navy volunteers landed large guns and manned them in the successful bombardment and capture of the city. This successful landing and capture of Veracruz opened the way for the capture of Mexico City and the end of the war.<ref name="multiple1" /> The U.S. Navy established itself as a player in [[United States foreign policy]] through the actions of [[Commodore (USN)|Commodore]] [[Matthew Perry (naval officer)|Matthew C. Perry]] in Japan, which resulted in the [[Convention of Kanagawa]] in 1854. | ||
Naval power played a significant role during the | Naval power played a significant role during the American Civil War, in which the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] had a distinct advantage over the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] on the seas.<ref name="multiple1" /> A [[Union blockade]] on all major ports shut down exports and the coastal trade, but blockade runners provided a thin lifeline. The [[Brown-water navy]] components of the U.S. navy control of the river systems made internal travel difficult for Confederates and easy for the Union. The war saw [[ironclad warship]]s in combat for the first time at the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] in 1862, which pitted {{USS|Monitor}} against {{ship|CSS|Virginia}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |title=War on the Waters: The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861–1865 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80LQH0Aoe3QC&pg=PA3 |year=2012 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-3588-3 |pages=3–4 |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126040429/https://books.google.com/books?id=80LQH0Aoe3QC&pg=PA3 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> For two decades after the war, however, the U.S. Navy's fleet was neglected and became [[technologically obsolete]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZZWBgAAQBAJ&q=us+navy+history|title=The U.S. Navy: A History, Third Edition|last=Miller|first=Nathan|date=5 November 2014|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-61251-892-3|language=en}}</ref> | ||
===20th century=== | ===20th century=== | ||