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Central Security Service: Difference between revisions
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On May 20, 1949, the Secretary of Defense created the [[Armed Forces Security Agency]] (AFSA), which became responsible for the direction and control of all US [[communications intelligence]] (COMINT) and [[communications security]] (COMSEC) activities. However, at the tactical level these tasks continued to be performed by the respective army, navy, and air force agencies, which were not willing to accept the authority of the newly created AFSA. In trying to get control over the military SIGINT elements, AFSA was replaced by the new and more powerful [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) on October 24, 1952.<ref>Matthew M. Aid, The Secret Sentry, The Untold History of the National Security Agency, New York 2009, p. 20, 44.</ref> | On May 20, 1949, the Secretary of Defense created the [[Armed Forces Security Agency]] (AFSA), which became responsible for the direction and control of all US [[communications intelligence]] (COMINT) and [[communications security]] (COMSEC) activities. However, at the tactical level these tasks continued to be performed by the respective army, navy, and air force agencies, which were not willing to accept the authority of the newly created AFSA. In trying to get control over the military SIGINT elements, AFSA was replaced by the new and more powerful [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) on October 24, 1952.<ref>Matthew M. Aid, The Secret Sentry, The Untold History of the National Security Agency, New York 2009, p. 20, 44.</ref> | ||
Tactical [[military intelligence]] was traditionally collected by specialized soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and coast guardsmen deployed around the world. For example, during the | Tactical [[military intelligence]] was traditionally collected by specialized soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and coast guardsmen deployed around the world. For example, during the Vietnam War, each of the military services deployed its own cryptologic units, supported by the NSA, which set up a number of SIGINT Support Groups (SSGs) as merging points for signal intelligence. With increasing cryptologic requirements, the military SIGINT systems had to be updated and unified and therefore it was planned to integrate NSA and the Service Cryptologic Agencies (SCAs) into a new unified command, with NSA absorbing SCA functions.<ref name="nsa60">National Security Agency, [https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/nsa-60th/assets/files/NSA-60th-Anniversary.pdf 60 Years of Defending Our Nation], 2012, p. 36 and 53.</ref> | ||
According to [[James Bamford]], '''NSA/CSS''' was initially conceived as a separate "fourth department" beside the three that make up the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]. The latter resisted this idea, and therefore the CSS was founded as an inter-service organization. The Central Security Service was established by [[Presidential Directive]] in February 1972 to promote full partnership between the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) and the Service Cryptologic Elements (SCEs) of the armed forces. | According to [[James Bamford]], '''NSA/CSS''' was initially conceived as a separate "fourth department" beside the three that make up the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]. The latter resisted this idea, and therefore the CSS was founded as an inter-service organization. The Central Security Service was established by [[Presidential Directive]] in February 1972 to promote full partnership between the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) and the Service Cryptologic Elements (SCEs) of the armed forces. | ||