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Montana: Difference between revisions
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===Montana and World War I=== | ===Montana and World War I=== | ||
As | As World War I broke out, [[Jeannette Rankin]], representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and [[patriotism]] was strong.{{sfn|Montana Historical Society—WWI|2013}} In 1917–1918, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,{{sfn|Montana Historical Society—WWI|2013}} volunteered or were [[Conscription|drafted]] into the armed forces. This represented a manpower contribution to the war that was 25% higher than any other state on a [[per capita]] basis. Around 1,500 Montanans died as a result of the war<!--this number includes KIA and later deaths in and out of the war zone, verified here: http://montanahistorywiki.pbworks.com/w/page/21639730/Montana%20War%20Casualties#WorldWarI19171918--> and 2,437 were wounded, also higher than any other state on a per capita basis.{{sfn|Howard|1959|pp=202–203}} Montana's [[United States Army Remount Service|Remount station]] in [[Miles City, Montana|Miles City]] provided 10,000 [[Horses in World War I|cavalry horses]] for the war, more than any other Army post in the country. The war created a boom for Montana mining, lumber, and farming interests, as demand for war materials and food increased.{{sfn|Montana Historical Society—WWI|2013}} | ||
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the [[Espionage Act of 1917]], which was extended by the [[Sedition Act of 1918]].{{sfn|History Channel|2013}} In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version.{{sfn|University of Montana|2005}} In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. More than 40 spent time in prison.<!--sources vary: 42 to 47--> In May 2006, then-Governor [[Brian Schweitzer]] posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.{{sfn|Montana Sedition Project|2013}} | In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the [[Espionage Act of 1917]], which was extended by the [[Sedition Act of 1918]].{{sfn|History Channel|2013}} In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version.{{sfn|University of Montana|2005}} In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. More than 40 spent time in prison.<!--sources vary: 42 to 47--> In May 2006, then-Governor [[Brian Schweitzer]] posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.{{sfn|Montana Sedition Project|2013}} | ||