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Army: Difference between revisions
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The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030325102856/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/p10_1.pdf Organization of the United States Army: America's Army 1775 – 1995, DA PAM 10–1]. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, 14 June 1994.</ref> In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent [[forts]] and perform other non-wartime duties such as [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|engineering]] and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger [[United States Volunteers]] which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time [[militia]]s which could also be called into the service of the army. | The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030325102856/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/p10_1.pdf Organization of the United States Army: America's Army 1775 – 1995, DA PAM 10–1]. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, 14 June 1994.</ref> In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent [[forts]] and perform other non-wartime duties such as [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|engineering]] and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger [[United States Volunteers]] which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time [[militia]]s which could also be called into the service of the army. | ||
[[File:American World War II senior military officials, 1945.JPEG|thumb|Senior American commanders of the [[European theatre of World War II]]. <br />*Seated are (from left to right) Generals [[William H. Simpson]], [[George S. Patton]], [[Carl A. Spaatz]], | [[File:American World War II senior military officials, 1945.JPEG|thumb|Senior American commanders of the [[European theatre of World War II]]. <br />*Seated are (from left to right) Generals [[William H. Simpson]], [[George S. Patton]], [[Carl A. Spaatz]], Dwight D. Eisenhower, [[Omar Bradley]], [[Courtney H. Hodges]], and [[Leonard T. Gerow]] <br />*standing are (from left to right) Generals [[Ralph Francis Stearley|Ralph F. Stearley]], [[Hoyt Vandenberg]], [[Walter Bedell Smith]], [[Otto P. Weyland]], and [[Richard E. Nugent]]]] | ||
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "[[National Army (USA)|National Army]]" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=John Patrick|author2=Romana Danysh|editor=Jeffrey J. Clarke|year=1998|title=Military Intelligence|chapter=Chapter 2: World War I|series=Army Lineage Series|publisher=[[Center of Military History, United States Army]]|isbn=978-0160488283|oclc=35741383|location=Washington, D.C., United States|at=online|chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/mi/ch2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830141819/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/mi/ch2.htm|archive-date=30 August 2009}}</ref> It was demobilized at the end of World War I and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "[[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]]" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last=Pullen |first=Randy |date=23 April 2008|title=Army Reserve Marks First 100 Years|format=online article|publisher=DefenceTalk|archive-date=24 April 2008|access-date=8 August 2008<!--based on page oldid=230430444-->|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/army/Army_Reserve_Marks_First_100_Years110015618.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424165606/http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/army/Army_Reserve_Marks_First_100_Years110015618.php}}</ref> | By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "[[National Army (USA)|National Army]]" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=John Patrick|author2=Romana Danysh|editor=Jeffrey J. Clarke|year=1998|title=Military Intelligence|chapter=Chapter 2: World War I|series=Army Lineage Series|publisher=[[Center of Military History, United States Army]]|isbn=978-0160488283|oclc=35741383|location=Washington, D.C., United States|at=online|chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/mi/ch2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830141819/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/mi/ch2.htm|archive-date=30 August 2009}}</ref> It was demobilized at the end of World War I and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "[[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]]" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last=Pullen |first=Randy |date=23 April 2008|title=Army Reserve Marks First 100 Years|format=online article|publisher=DefenceTalk|archive-date=24 April 2008|access-date=8 August 2008<!--based on page oldid=230430444-->|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/army/Army_Reserve_Marks_First_100_Years110015618.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424165606/http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/army/Army_Reserve_Marks_First_100_Years110015618.php}}</ref> | ||