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(→‎Directors: found ref that said Dettelbach had actually resigned on January 17, 2025; deputy director Richardson automatically became acting director until Trump is able to make an official appointment)
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{{Organization
|OrganizationName=**Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)**
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments
|Mission=The ATF protects our communities from violent criminals, criminal organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of firearms, acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and the illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products. It enforces federal laws and regulations relating to these areas.
|ParentOrganization=United States Department of Justice
|CreationLegislation=Established as a separate agency by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, previously part of the Treasury Department
|Employees=5100
|Budget=$1.464 billion (Fiscal Year 2023)
|OrganizationExecutive=Director
|Services=Firearms regulation; Arson and explosives investigations; Alcohol and tobacco diversion control; Firearms tracing
|Regulations=Gun Control Act of 1968; National Firearms Act; Federal Alcohol Administration Act; Safe Explosives Act
|HeadquartersLocation=38.91729, -76.97794
|HeadquartersAddress=99 New York Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20226
|Website=https://www.atf.gov
}}
{{Short description|U.S. law enforcement agency}}
{{Short description|U.S. law enforcement agency}}
{{Redirect|ATF}}
{{Redirect|BATF|the gene|BATF (gene){{!}}''BATF'' (gene)|the former Indian taskforce|Bangalore Agenda Task Force}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}


{{Infobox law enforcement agency
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
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| unsworn          =  
| unsworn          =  
| electeetype      =  
| electeetype      =  
| chief1name        = [[Steve Dettelbach]]
| chief1name        = Marvin G. Richardson
| chief1position    = Director
| chief1position    = Acting Director
| parentagency      = {{Plain list|
| parentagency      = {{Plain list|
* [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] (1972–2003)
* [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] (1972–2003)
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===Waco Siege controversy===
===Waco Siege controversy===
{{Main|Waco Siege}}
{{Main|Waco Siege}}
The ATF was involved in the [[Waco Siege]] against the [[Branch Davidian]] religious sect near [[Waco, Texas]], on February 28, 1993. ATF agents, accompanied by the press, conducted a raid to execute a federal search warrant on the sect's compound, known as [[Mount Carmel Center|Mt. Carmel]]. The Branch Davidians were alerted to the upcoming warrant execution, but ATF raid leaders pressed on, despite knowing the advantage of surprise was lost. (ATF Director Steve Higgins had promised Treasury Under Secretary for Enforcement [[Ronald Noble|Ron Noble]] that the Waco raid would be canceled if the ATF undercover agent Robert Rodriguez reported that the element of surprise had been lost.) The resulting exchange of gunfire killed six Davidians and four ATF agents. FBI HRT later took over the scene and a 51-day stand-off ensued, ending on April 19, 1993, after the complex caught fire. The follow-up investigation revealed the bodies of seventy-six people including twenty children inside the compound. A grand jury found that the deaths were suicides or otherwise caused by people inside the building. Shortly after the raid, the bureau's director, Stephen E. Higgins, retired early from his position. In December 1994, two ATF supervisory agents, Phillip J. Chojnacki and Charles D. Sarabyn, who were suspended for their roles in leading the Waco raid were reinstated, with full back pay and benefits (with a demotion) despite a Treasury Department report of gross negligence. The incident was removed from their personnel files.<ref>{{cite news|title=2 Agents Suspended in Waco Raid Are Reinstated|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/25/us/2-agents-suspended-in-waco-raid-are-reinstated.html|access-date=November 5, 2021|work=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=December 25, 1994}}</ref>
The ATF was involved in the [[Waco Siege]] against the [[Branch Davidian]] religious sect near [[Waco, Texas]], on February 28, 1993. ATF agents, accompanied by the press, conducted a raid to execute a federal search warrant on the sect's compound, known as [[Mount Carmel Center|Mt. Carmel]]. The Branch Davidians were alerted to the upcoming warrant execution, but ATF raid leaders pressed on, despite knowing the advantage of surprise was lost. (ATF Director Steve Higgins had promised Treasury Under Secretary for Enforcement [[Ronald Noble|Ron Noble]] that the Waco raid would be canceled if the ATF undercover agent Robert Rodriguez reported that the element of surprise had been lost.) The resulting exchange of gunfire killed six Davidians and four ATF agents. FBI HRT later took over the scene and a 51-day stand-off ensued, ending on April 19, 1993, after the complex caught fire. The follow-up investigation revealed the bodies of seventy-six people including twenty children inside the compound. A grand jury found that the deaths were suicides or otherwise caused by people inside the building. Shortly after the raid, the bureau's director, Stephen E. Higgins, retired early from his position. In December 1994, two ATF supervisory agents, Phillip J. Chojnacki and Charles D. Sarabyn, who were suspended for their roles in leading the Waco raid were reinstated, with full back pay and benefits (with a demotion) despite a Treasury Department report of gross negligence. The incident was removed from their personnel files.<ref>{{cite news|title=2 Agents Suspended in Waco Raid Are Reinstated|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/25/us/2-agents-suspended-in-waco-raid-are-reinstated.html|access-date=November 5, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|agency=Associated Press|date=December 25, 1994}}</ref>


===Domestic terrorism towards ATF===
===Domestic terrorism towards ATF===
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The ATF is organized as follows:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organization Structure {{!}} Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|url=https://www.atf.gov/about/organization-structure|website=ATF|access-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref>
The ATF is organized as follows:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organization Structure {{!}} Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|url=https://www.atf.gov/about/organization-structure|website=ATF|access-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref>
* Director
* Director
* Chief of Staff
** Chief of Staff
* Chief Counsel
** Chief Counsel
* Deputy Director (Chief Operating Officer)
* Deputy Director (Chief Operating Officer)
* Office of Field Operations
** Office of Field Operations
* Office of Human Resources and Professional Development
** Office of Human Resources and Professional Development
* Office of Management
** Office of Management
* Office of Enforcement Programs and Services
** Office of Enforcement Programs and Services
* Office of Professional Responsibility and Security Operations
** Office of Professional Responsibility and Security Operations
* Office of Public and Governmental Affairs
** Office of Public and Governmental Affairs
* Office of Science and Technology
** Office of Science and Technology
* Office of Strategic Intelligence and Information
** Office of Strategic Intelligence and Information
 
===Field divisions===
===Field divisions===
The ATF has 26 field divisions across the nation in major cities. Those cities are: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Columbus (OH), Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Kansas City (MO), Los Angeles, Louisville, Miami, Nashville, New Orleans, New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Paul, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. Also, there are field offices in different countries such as Canada, Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, Iraq, Lithuania, and in the Caribbean.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atf.gov/contact/atf-field-divisions|title=ATF Field Divisions|work=ATF|access-date=December 26, 2018}}</ref>
The ATF has 26 field divisions across the nation in major cities. Those cities are: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Columbus (OH), Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Kansas City (MO), Los Angeles, Louisville, Miami, Nashville, New Orleans, New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Paul, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. Also, there are field offices in different countries such as Canada, Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, Iraq, Lithuania, and in the Caribbean.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atf.gov/contact/atf-field-divisions|title=ATF Field Divisions|work=ATF|access-date=December 26, 2018}}</ref>


==Regulation of firearms==
==Regulation of firearms==
[[File:ATF investigators display weapons seized.jpg|thumb|240px|ATF investigators display weapons seized for violations of the [[Gun Control Act]].]]
ATF is responsible for regulating [[firearm]] commerce in the United States. The bureau issues [[Federal Firearms License]]s (FFL) to sellers and conducts firearms licensee inspections. The bureau is also involved in programs aimed at reducing [[gun violence in the United States]], by targeting and arresting violent offenders who unlawfully possess firearms. ATF was also involved with the [[Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative]], which expanded tracing of firearms recovered by law enforcement and the ongoing Comprehensive Crime Gun Tracing Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atf.gov/publications/general/snapshots/atf-snapshot-2006.html|title=ATF Snapshot (2006)|publisher=Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203000711/http://www.atf.gov/publications/general/snapshots/atf-snapshot-2006.html|archive-date=December 3, 2009}}</ref> ATF also provides support to state and local investigators through the [[National Integrated Ballistic Information Network]] (NIBIN) program.
ATF is responsible for regulating [[firearm]] commerce in the United States. The bureau issues [[Federal Firearms License]]s (FFL) to sellers and conducts firearms licensee inspections. The bureau is also involved in programs aimed at reducing [[gun violence in the United States]], by targeting and arresting violent offenders who unlawfully possess firearms. ATF was also involved with the [[Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative]], which expanded tracing of firearms recovered by law enforcement and the ongoing Comprehensive Crime Gun Tracing Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atf.gov/publications/general/snapshots/atf-snapshot-2006.html|title=ATF Snapshot (2006)|publisher=Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203000711/http://www.atf.gov/publications/general/snapshots/atf-snapshot-2006.html|archive-date=December 3, 2009}}</ref> ATF also provides support to state and local investigators through the [[National Integrated Ballistic Information Network]] (NIBIN) program.


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ATF currently trains the U.S. military in evidence recovery procedures after a bombing. All ATF Agents are trained in post-blast investigation; however ATF maintains a cadre of approximately 150 highly trained explosive experts known as Certified Explosives Specialists (CES). ATF/CES Agents are trained as experts regarding Improvised Explosive Devices (IED's), as well as commercial explosives. ATF Agents work closely with state and local Bomb Disposal Units (bomb squads) within the United States.
ATF currently trains the U.S. military in evidence recovery procedures after a bombing. All ATF Agents are trained in post-blast investigation; however ATF maintains a cadre of approximately 150 highly trained explosive experts known as Certified Explosives Specialists (CES). ATF/CES Agents are trained as experts regarding Improvised Explosive Devices (IED's), as well as commercial explosives. ATF Agents work closely with state and local Bomb Disposal Units (bomb squads) within the United States.
==Directors==
A list of ATF directors since becoming a Bureau on July 1, 1972:{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
''Unnumbered rows denote acting directors.''
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Image
!Director
!Term of office
!{{Abbr|Refs.|References}}
!Appointed by
|-
|1
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|[[Rex D. Davis]]
|July 1, 1972* – July 1, 1978
|<ref name="atf=1978">{{cite report |url=https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/59557NCJRS.pdf |title=ATF annual report for fiscal year 1978 |chapter=Calendar of Events Fiscal 1978 |page=68 (print) |publisher=Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, Department of the Treasury}}</ref>
|[[Richard Nixon]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|John G. Krogman
|July 2, 1978 – 1978
|<ref name="atf=1978" />
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Jimmy Carter]]
|-
|2
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Glenn Robert Dickerson
|1979 – March 1982
|{{citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Unable to locate citations that mention date when Dickerson was appointed and/or sworn in. Unable to locate citations that mention when Dickerson was fired, retired, or left for a new job}}
|[[Jimmy Carter]]
|-
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |–
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Stephen Higgins]]
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |March 1982 – March 28, 1983
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Ronald Reagan]]
|-
|3
|March 29, 1983 – September 30, 1993
|<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/press-releases-united-states-department-treasury-6111/volume-250-587093?page=21 |volume=250 |page=21 |date=March 29, 1983 |title=New Director Named for ATF |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury}}</ref>
|-
|4
|[[File:John magaw.jpg|70px]]
|[[John Magaw]]
|October 1, 1993 – December 19, 1999
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/01/atf-officials-ousted-over-raid/1bfe3de7-de1a-4914-8491-e25d9ed48885/ |title=ATF officials ousted over raid |date=October 1, 1993 |first=Pierre |last=Thomas |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
|[[Bill Clinton]]
|-
|5
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|[[Bradley A. Buckles]]
|December 20, 1999 – January 2, 2004
|<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?154257-1/bureau-director-swearing |title=Bureau Director Swearing-In |date=December 20, 1999 |work=[[C-SPAN]]}}</ref>
|[[Bill Clinton]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Edgar A. Domenech
|January 3, 2004 – April 18, 2004
|
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[George W. Bush]]
|-
|6
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|[[Carl Truscott]]
|April 19, 2004 – August 8, 2006
|<ref>{{cite report |url=https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/s0610/chapter2.htm |title=Report of Investigation Concerning Alleged Mismanagement and Misconduct by Carl J. Truscott, Former Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |date=October 2006 |work=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref>
|[[George W. Bush]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Edgar A. Domenech
|August 9, 2006 – August 2006
|
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[George W. Bush]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Michael Sullivan ATF Acting Director.jpg|70px]]
|[[Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)|Michael Sullivan]]
|August 2006 – January 19, 2009
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.patriotledger.com/story/news/2009/01/19/sen-kerry-stands-behind-mike/40147200007/ |title=Sen. Kerry stands behind Mike Sullivan, on his last day as ATF chief |date=January 18, 2009 |newspaper=[[The Patriot Ledger]]}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[George W. Bush]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Ronald A. Carter
|January 20, 2009 – April 7, 2009
|{{citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Unable to find anything about this person}}
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Barack Obama]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Kenneth E. Melson official portrait.jpg|70px]]
|[[Kenneth E. Melson]]
|April 8, 2009 – August 30, 2011
|<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-eric-holder-names-new-leadership-atf-executive-office-us-attorneys-and |title=Attorney General Eric Holder Names New Leadership for ATF, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys, and Office of Professional Responsibility |date=April 8, 2009 |work=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Barack Obama]]
|-
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |–
| rowspan="2" |[[File:B. Todd Jones official portrait.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[B. Todd Jones]]
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |August 31, 2011 – July 31, 2013
| bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-announces-new-acting-director-atf-and-senior-advisor-office-legal-policy |title=Department of Justice Announces New Acting Director of ATF and Senior Advisor in the Office of Legal Policy |date=August 30, 2011 |work=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Barack Obama]]
|-
|7
|August 1, 2013 – March 31, 2015
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/08/01/207987897/new-atf-head-is-its-first-senate-confirmed-leader-in-7-years |title=New ATF Head Is Its First Senate-Confirmed Leader In 7 Years |date=August 1, 2013 |first1=Carrie |last1=Johnson |first2=Melissa |last2=Block |work=[[NPR]]}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Thomas Brandon.gif|70px]]
|Thomas Brandon
|April 1, 2015 – April 30, 2019
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://congress.gov/115/meeting/house/105672/witnesses/HHRG-115-GO00-Bio-BrandonT-20170309.pdf |title=Thomas E. Brandon |work=U.S. Congress}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Barack Obama]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Regina Lombardo.jpg|70px]]
|[[Regina Lombardo]]
|May 1, 2019 – June 3, 2021
|<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-appoints-regina-lombardo-acting-deputy-director-bureau-alcohol-tobacco |title=Attorney General Appoints Regina Lombardo Acting Deputy Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |date=April 24, 2019 |work=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Donald Trump]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Marvin Richardson
|June 4, 2021 – April 24, 2022
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atf.gov/about-atf/executive-staff |title=Executive Staff
|work=Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623013447/ttps://www.atf.gov/about-atf/executive-staff |archive-date=June 23, 2021}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Joe Biden]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Gary M. Restaino, U.S. Attorney official portrait.jpg|70px]]
|[[Gary M. Restaino]]
|April 25, 2022 – July 12, 2022
|<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/presidential-designation-atf-acting-director |title=Presidential Designation of ATF Acting Director |date=April 26, 2022 |work=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref>
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Joe Biden]]
|-
|8
|[[File:Steven Dettelbach, ATF Director.jpg|70px]]
|[[Steve Dettelbach]]
|July 13, 2022 – January 17, 2025
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atf.gov/about/leadership/director |title=Director |work=Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127184324/https://www.atf.gov/about/leadership/director |archive-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/news/local_news/cjn-goes-one-on-one-with-former-atf-director-steven-dettelbach/article_8c8ad702-d7f5-11ef-a290-8398f4aac033.html |title=CJN goes one-on-one with: Former ATF Director Steven Dettelbach |first=Kirsten |last=Beard |date=Jan 21, 2025 |newspaper=[[Cleveland Jewish News]]</ref>
|[[Joe Biden]]
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|[[File:Noimage.svg|70px]]
|Marvin Richardson
|January 18, 2025 – present
|
|bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Donald Trump]]
|-
|}
Note: Davis was head of the predecessor, the ATF division of the IRS, and oversaw its transition to an independent bureau.
==Criticism==
Some media outlets have criticized the ATF, even going so far as to call for the abolition of the agency. One such criticism leveled by ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'' magazine's J.D. Tuccille stated, "The nicest thing you can say about the ATF is that it's an unserious and unaccountable bureaucracy. Often it's explicitly contemptible, such as during the [[ATF gunwalking scandal|Fast-and-Furious gun-walking scandal]],<ref name="Reason, Riggs, Sep. 30th, 2011">{{cite web|last1=Riggs|first1=Mike|title=Operation Fast and Furious Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg|url=https://reason.com/2011/09/30/operation-fast-and-furious-is/|website=reason.com|date=September 30, 2011|publisher=Reason|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref> and its setting up mentally disabled youths to take the fall during gun-and-drug stings.<ref name="Reason, Gillespie, Dec. 9th, 2013">{{cite web|last1=Gillespie|first1=Nick|title=Unbelievable: ATF Using Mentally Disabled Teens to Run Drug-and-Gun Stings|url=https://reason.com/2013/12/09/unbelievable-atf-using-mentally-disabled/|website=reason.com|date=December 9, 2013|publisher=Reason|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref> After those abuses of individual rights and public trust, the failings of the National Disposal Branch almost pale by comparison ... the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives should be abolished, and its employees sent into the world to seek honest jobs in the private sector, if anybody will have them."<ref name="Reason, Tuccille, Oct. 31st, 2022">{{cite web|last1=Tuccille|first1=J.D.|title=ATF, Enforcer of Gun Laws, Lost 'Thousands of Firearms, Firearm Parts' to Thieves|url=https://reason.com/2022/10/31/atf-enforcer-of-gun-laws-lost-thousands-of-firearms-firearm-parts-to-thieves/|website=reason.com|date=October 31, 2022|publisher=Reason|access-date=November 1, 2022}}</ref>
Tuccille's primary reason for the complaint related to the mishandling of information and even security of firearms that led to the theft and sale of thousands of confiscated firearms by ATF personnel to private parties. Tuccille argued that if even a fraction of said activity had occurred at a gun store instead, the store would have promptly and swiftly been shut down by the ATF, but that the ATF is not held to the same standards that they hold FFL's, "You have to wonder what the ATF would say about a private facility that was ripped off for years on end by its own staffers and still failed to implement serious security measures after the fact. I expect that the consequences would be a bit more serious than a single arrest and then business as usual despite a tut-tutting reprimand."<ref name="Reason, Tuccille, Oct. 31st, 2022" />
The ATF has also received criticism involving financial corruption. In 2021, a whistleblower informed the public that the ATF was giving a 25% monetary bonus to at least 94 of its employees.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/whistleblower-atf-bonuses-allege-fraud-waste-abuse/|title=Whistleblower claims Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives personnel were improperly paid bonuses reserved for criminal investigators|website=[[CBS News]] |date=October 5, 2021}}</ref> The benefit is known as law enforcement availability pay, or LEAP, that was only reserved for "criminal investigators" who are on call and expected to work unscheduled, additional hours.<ref name="auto2"/> It was noted by the whistleblower that administrative officials were receiving this benefit, despite not being classified as criminal investigators.<ref name="auto2"/>


==See also==
==See also==
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