Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Difference between revisions

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (view source)

Revision as of 23:55, 3 January 2025

626 bytes removed , 3 January

no edit summary

CargoAdmin, Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), fileuploaders, Interface administrators, newuser, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators

14,662

edits

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The agency's main goal is the protection of [[public health]] and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and [[disability]] in the US and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2014-04-14 |title=Mission, Role and Pledge |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118010457/https://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm |archive-date=2017-01-18 |access-date= |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on [[infectious disease]], [[Foodborne illness|food borne pathogens]], [[environmental health]], [[occupational safety and health]], [[health promotion]], [[injury prevention]], and educational activities designed to improve the health of [[United States citizens]]. The CDC also conducts research and provides information on [[non-infectious diseases]], such as [[obesity]] and [[diabetes]], and is a founding member of the [[International Association of National Public Health Institutes]].<ref name="cdcoffwebsite">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov|title=Home: CDC|website=cdc.gov|access-date=November 19, 2008}}</ref>
-The CDC's current director is [[Mandy Cohen]] who assumed office on July 10, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-01|title=Director|url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/director.htm|access-date=2023-07-10|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en}}</ref>
 ==History==
-{{See also|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention timeline}}
 === Establishment ===
 The '''Communicable Disease Center''' was founded July 1, 1946, as the successor to the [[World War II]] [[National Malaria Eradication Program#History|Malaria Control in War Areas]] program<ref name="pmid8955706">{{cite journal|author=Parascandola J|title=From MCWA to CDC{{snd}}origins of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|journal=Public Health Reports|date=November–December 1996|pmid=8955706|volume=111|issue=6|pages =549–551|pmc=1381908}}</ref> of the Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities.<ref name="NARA">{{cite web|title=Records of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Record Group 442) 1921–2004 |work=Guide to Federal Records |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |location=United States |date=November 9, 2010 |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/442.html |access-date=2009-10-04 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101119230544/http://archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/442.html |archive-date=November 19, 2010  }}</ref>
@@ Line 39: / Line 36: @@
 === Growth ===
-[[File:CDC Cifton Road campus 1963.jpg|thumb|The Communicable Disease Center moved to its current headquarters in 1960.  Building 1 is pictured in 1963.]]
 In 1951, Chief Epidemiologist [[Alexander Langmuir|Alexander Langmuir's]] warnings of potential [[biological warfare]] during the [[Korean War]] spurred the creation of the [[Epidemic Intelligence Service]] (EIS) as a two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology. The success of the EIS program led to the launch of [[Field Epidemiology Training Program]]s (FETP) in 1980, training more than 18,000 disease detectives in over 80 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/healthprotection/fetp-40th-anniversary/index.html|title=FETP 40th Anniversary &#124; Division of Global Health Protection &#124; Global Health &#124; CDC|date=March 12, 2021|website=CDC}}</ref> In 2020, FETP celebrated the 40th anniversary of the CDC's support for Thailand's Field Epidemiology Training Program. Thailand was the first FETP site created outside of North America and is found in numerous countries, reflecting CDC's influence in promoting this model internationally.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=Mark|first2=Sharon M.|last2=McDonnell|first3=Denise H.|last3=Werker|first4=Victor M.|last4=Cardenas|first5=Stephen B.|last5=Thacker|year=2001|title=Partnerships in International Applied Epidemiology Training and Service|journal=[[American Journal of Epidemiology]]|volume=154|issue=11|pages=993–999|doi=10.1093/aje/154.11.993|pmid=11724714|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network ([[TEPHINET]]) has graduated 950 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tephinet.org/training-programs/thailand-field-epidemiology-training-program|title=Thailand Field Epidemiology Training Program &#124; TEPHINET|website=www.tephinet.org}}</ref>
@@ Line 47: / Line 43: @@
 === Recent history ===
-[[File:Arlen Specter Headquarters Building PHIL 7971.tif|Arlen Specter Headquarters and Emergency Operations Center|left|thumb]]It was renamed to the plural '''Centers for Disease Control''' effective October 14, 1980,<ref name="NARA" /> as the modern organization of having multiple constituent centers was established.  By 1990, it had four centers formed in the 1980s: the Center for Infectious Diseases, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, and the Center for Prevention Services; as well as two centers that had been absorbed by CDC from outside: the [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] in 1973, and the [[National Center for Health Statistics]] in 1987.<ref name=":102">{{cite book |last=Etheridge |first=Elizabeth W. |url=https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz |title=Sentinel for Health: A History of the Centers for Disease Control |date=1992|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520910416 |location= |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz/page/229 229–231], [https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz/page/342 342–343] |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref>
+It was renamed to the plural '''Centers for Disease Control''' effective October 14, 1980,<ref name="NARA" /> as the modern organization of having multiple constituent centers was established.  By 1990, it had four centers formed in the 1980s: the Center for Infectious Diseases, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, and the Center for Prevention Services; as well as two centers that had been absorbed by CDC from outside: the [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] in 1973, and the [[National Center for Health Statistics]] in 1987.<ref name=":102">{{cite book |last=Etheridge |first=Elizabeth W. |url=https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz |title=Sentinel for Health: A History of the Centers for Disease Control |date=1992|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520910416 |location= |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz/page/229 229–231], [https://archive.org/details/sentinelforhealt00eliz/page/342 342–343] |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref>
 An act of the [[United States Congress]] appended the words "and Prevention" to the name effective October 27, 1992. However, Congress directed that the initialism CDC be retained because of its name recognition.<ref>{{cite journal|title=CDC: the nation's prevention agency |journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep |volume=41 |issue=44 |page=833 |year=1992 |pmid=1331740 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017924.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110611163317/http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017924.htm |archive-date=June 11, 2011 |url-status=live |author1=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) }}</ref>  Since the 1990s, the CDC focus has broadened to include [[Chronic (medical)|chronic diseases]], [[Disability|disabilities]], injury control, [[Occupational safety and health|workplace hazards]], [[environmental health]] threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and other health risks, including [[Congenital disorder|birth defects]], [[West Nile virus]], [[obesity]], [[Avian influenza|avian]], [[Swine influenza|swine]], and [[pandemic flu]], [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]], and [[bioterrorism]], to name a few. The organization would also prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of [[penicillin]]. In May 1994 the CDC admitted having sent samples of communicable diseases to the Iraqi government from 1984 through 1989 which were subsequently repurposed for biological warfare, including [[Botulinum toxin]], [[West Nile virus]], ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' and [[Dengue fever]] virus.<ref>"The eleventh plague: the politics of biological and chemical warfare" (pp. 84–86) by [http://www.leonardcole.com Leonard A. Cole] (1993)</ref>