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The '''Bureau of Ocean Energy Management''' (BOEM) is an agency within the [[United States Department of the Interior]], established in 2010 by Secretarial Order.
The '''Bureau of Ocean Energy Management''' (BOEM) is an agency within the [[United States Department of the Interior]], established in 2010 by Secretarial Order.


On May 19, 2010, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar signed a Secretarial Order dividing the Minerals Management Service (MMS) into three independent entities: BOEM, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and the Office of Natural Resources Revenue.
On May 19, 2010, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar signed a Secretarial Order dividing the [[Minerals Management Service]] (MMS) into three independent entities:  
<ref>https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/reorganization/reorganization-former-mms</ref>
 
The most important legislation for BOEM is the Outer continental shelf (OCS) Lands Act to facilitate the federal government’s leasing of its offshore mineral resources and energy resources.  
* Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
* [[Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement]]
* [[Office of Natural Resources Revenue]]<ref>https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/reorganization/reorganization-former-mms</ref>
 
The most important legislation for BOEM is the Outer continental shelf (OCS) Lands Act to facilitate the federal government’s leasing of its offshore mineral resources and energy resources.


In addition to the OCS Lands Act, the Submerged Lands Act (SLA) of 1953 grants individual states rights to the natural resources of submerged lands from the coastline to no more than 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) into the Atlantic, Pacific, the Arctic Oceans, and the Gulf of Mexico. The only exceptions are Texas and the west coast of Florida, where state jurisdiction extends from the coastline to no more than 3 marine leagues (16.2 km) into the Gulf of Mexico.  
In addition to the OCS Lands Act, the Submerged Lands Act (SLA) of 1953 grants individual states rights to the natural resources of submerged lands from the coastline to no more than 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) into the Atlantic, Pacific, the Arctic Oceans, and the Gulf of Mexico. The only exceptions are Texas and the west coast of Florida, where state jurisdiction extends from the coastline to no more than 3 marine leagues (16.2 km) into the Gulf of Mexico.  
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Carbon sequestration (CS) refers to a process of storing captured carbon dioxide (CO2) that leads to a reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration activities can take many forms. One form of long-term storage is injection of captured CO2 into suitable underground geologic formations.  <ref>https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/regulations-guidance/carbon-sequestration</ref>
Carbon sequestration (CS) refers to a process of storing captured carbon dioxide (CO2) that leads to a reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration activities can take many forms. One form of long-term storage is injection of captured CO2 into suitable underground geologic formations.  <ref>https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/regulations-guidance/carbon-sequestration</ref>


On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was signed into law and gave the Department of the Interior the authority to grant a lease, easement, or right-of-way on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise go into the atmosphere and contribute to further climate change. BOEM is working with the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) on a draft rule to implement this authority over the OCS CS projects.  
On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was signed into law and gave the Department of the Interior the authority to grant a lease, easement, or right-of-way on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise go into the atmosphere and contribute to further climate change. BOEM is working with the [[Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement]] (BSEE) on a draft rule to implement this authority over the OCS CS projects.  


=== Environmental Studies ===
=== Environmental Studies ===
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BOEM uses science and law to inform our environmental analyses, conduct consultations, and design and conduct research. The environmental program informs three major areas that BOEM regulates on the outer continental shelf: oil and gas, renewable energy, and non-energy minerals such as sand and gravel or hard minerals.  
BOEM uses science and law to inform our environmental analyses, conduct consultations, and design and conduct research. The environmental program informs three major areas that BOEM regulates on the outer continental shelf: oil and gas, renewable energy, and non-energy minerals such as sand and gravel or hard minerals.  
==Directors==
==Directors==
The agency's first director, serving from June 2010 to May 2014, was [[Tommy Beaudreau]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Directors |url=http://www.boem.gov/Past-Directors/ |website=BOEM |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304000407/http://www.boem.gov/Past-Directors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The second director was Abigail Ross Hopper, serving from January 2015 to January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abigail Ross Hopper, Director |url=http://www.boem.gov/Director/ |website=BOEM |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301183142/http://www.boem.gov/Director/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2017 to 2021, deputy director [[Walter Cruickshank]] served as the acting director.
The agency's first director, serving from June 2010 to May 2014, was Tommy Beaudreau.<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Directors |url=http://www.boem.gov/Past-Directors/ |website=BOEM |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304000407/http://www.boem.gov/Past-Directors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The second director was Abigail Ross Hopper, serving from January 2015 to January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abigail Ross Hopper, Director |url=http://www.boem.gov/Director/ |website=BOEM |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301183142/http://www.boem.gov/Director/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2017 to 2021, deputy director [[Walter Cruickshank]] served as the acting director.


From February 2021 to January 2023, the director was Amanda Lefton.<ref>{{cite web |title=Director |url=https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/boem-leadership/amanda-lefton |publisher=BOEM |access-date=4 January 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101845/https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/boem-leadership/amanda-lefton |url-status=live }}</ref> In an announcement with [[United States Secretary of Energy]] [[Jennifer Granholm]] on April 27, 2022, Lefton said that her agency would focus on efforts to promote [[Offshore wind power|offshore wind]] projects, saying that BOEM would work to "inspire confidence and demonstrate commitment" for lease planning and calling it her "number-one priority," ''National Fisherman'' reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BOEM issues offshore wind call areas for central Atlantic, Oregon waters {{!}} National Fisherman |url=https://www.nationalfisherman.com/national-international/boem-issues-offshore-wind-call-areas-for-central-atlantic-oregon-waters |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.nationalfisherman.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427225452/https://www.nationalfisherman.com/national-international/boem-issues-offshore-wind-call-areas-for-central-atlantic-oregon-waters |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2023, Lefton announced her resignation, effective January 19.<ref name="2023-01-10 Reuters">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-interior-department-names-elizabeth-klein-oversee-offshore-energy-2023-01-10/ |title=U.S. Interior Department names Elizabeth Klein to oversee offshore energy |first=Valerie |last=Volcovici |date=2023-01-10 |website=Reuters |access-date=2023-01-10}}</ref>
From February 2021 to January 2023, the director was Amanda Lefton.<ref>{{cite web |title=Director |url=https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/boem-leadership/amanda-lefton |publisher=BOEM |access-date=4 January 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101845/https://www.boem.gov/about-boem/boem-leadership/amanda-lefton |url-status=live }}</ref> In an announcement with [[United States Secretary of Energy]] [[Jennifer Granholm]] on April 27, 2022, Lefton said that her agency would focus on efforts to promote [[Offshore wind power|offshore wind]] projects, saying that BOEM would work to "inspire confidence and demonstrate commitment" for lease planning and calling it her "number-one priority," ''National Fisherman'' reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BOEM issues offshore wind call areas for central Atlantic, Oregon waters {{!}} National Fisherman |url=https://www.nationalfisherman.com/national-international/boem-issues-offshore-wind-call-areas-for-central-atlantic-oregon-waters |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.nationalfisherman.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427225452/https://www.nationalfisherman.com/national-international/boem-issues-offshore-wind-call-areas-for-central-atlantic-oregon-waters |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2023, Lefton announced her resignation, effective January 19.<ref name="2023-01-10 Reuters">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-interior-department-names-elizabeth-klein-oversee-offshore-energy-2023-01-10/ |title=U.S. Interior Department names Elizabeth Klein to oversee offshore energy |first=Valerie |last=Volcovici |date=2023-01-10 |website=Reuters |access-date=2023-01-10}}</ref>
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*[[SS Carrabulle|SS ''Carrabulle'']] (Built 1920, lost 1942-05-26), sunk by [[German submarine U-106 (1940)|German submarine U-106]].  
*[[SS Carrabulle|SS ''Carrabulle'']] (Built 1920, lost 1942-05-26), sunk by [[German submarine U-106 (1940)|German submarine U-106]].  
*SS Amapala (Built 1924, lost 1942-05-16), sunk by German submarine U-507<ref>[http://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?14914 SS Amapala]- Retrieved 2017-02-19</ref>
*SS Amapala (Built 1924, lost 1942-05-16), sunk by German submarine U-507<ref>[http://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?14914 SS Amapala]- Retrieved 2017-02-19</ref>
The only known German U-boat to be sunk in the Gulf is U-166. After sinking the SS Robert E. Lee the [[United States Navy]] patrol craft PC-566 reported hitting and sinking the submarine. This was questioned and the sinking was attributed to a [[United States Coast Guard]] [[Grumman G-44 Widgeon]], that reported an attack over 100 miles away, thought to be the U-166. In 2001 the wreckage of U-166 was identified near the wreckage of the Robert E. Lee and in 2014 the record was set straight that PC-566 actually sunk U-166. In 2014 the position, {{coord|28|37|N|90|45|W|dim:400000|display=inline}} was designated a [[war grave]].<ref>[https://www.boem.gov/BOEM-Newsroom/Press-Releases/2001/010615-pdf.aspx ''MMS Ensures Nation's Historic Shipwrecks are Protected as Archaeologists Share in U-Boat Discovery''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227220841/https://www.boem.gov/BOEM-Newsroom/Press-Releases/2001/010615-pdf.aspx |date=2016-12-27 }}- Retrieved 2017-02-19</ref>
==See also==
==See also==


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