No Child Left Behind Act: Difference between revisions

President George W. Bush first proposed the use of federal aid to create a plan by which to hold schools accountable for the educational outcomes of their students on January 23, 2001; however, as it was initially described, the Act faced significant criticism from interest groups such as the Education Trust because of its inclusion of vouchers.<ref name=":022">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=D. E.|date=2001|title=Bush pushes ambitious education plan: Would use U.S. aid to force schools to meet standards|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/91941192|id={{ProQuest|91941192}} }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=DeBray-Pelot|first1=Elizabeth|last2=McGuinn|first2=Patrick|date=2009-01-01|title=The New Politics of Education: Analyzing the Federal Education Policy Landscape in the Post-NCLB Era|journal=Educational Policy|volume=23|issue=1|pages=15–42|doi=10.1177/0895904808328524|s2cid=145457787}}</ref> Vouchers would enable parents to choose a different school (public, private, or otherwise) for their child to attend if their district failed to meet state standards; however, critics stated that this move would take funds away from schools that needed the most funding.<ref name=":022" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Steinberg|first=J.|date=2001|title=Adding a financial threat to familiar promises on education: News analysis|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/91999335|id={{ProQuest|91999335}} }}</ref> The NCLB Act was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on March 22, 2001, and it was coauthored by Representatives [[John Boehner]] (R-OH), [[George Miller (California politician)|George Miller]] (D-CA), and Senators [[Ted Kennedy]] (D-MA) and [[Judd Gregg]] (R-NH).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ujifusa|first=Andrew|date=2015-09-25|title=House Speaker Boehner, Key Architect of NCLB, to Resign From Congress|work=Education Week|url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/house-speaker-boehner-key-architect-of-nclb-to-resign-from-congress/2015/09|access-date=2021-10-10}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite web|title=H.R.1 – 107th Congress (2001–2002): No Child Left Behind Act of 2001|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1 |website=Congress.gov|date=January 8, 2002 }}</ref> As it made its way through the House of Representatives and the Senate, the bill faced a number of challenges, ranging from Democratic appeals for more funding, to Republican pushback on the increased role of the Federal government in the realm of education.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schemo|first=D. J.|date=2001|title=Bush-backed school bill advances in Senate|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/91983932|id={{ProQuest|91983932}} }}</ref> Despite this, the Act garnered bipartisan support in both chambers of the legislature, and it was passed in the [[United States House of Representatives]] on December 13, 2001 (voting 381–41),<ref>{{cite web|title=Actions Overview H.R.1 — 107th Congress (2001–2002)| date=January 8, 2002 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1/actions?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22No+Child+Left+Behind+Act%5C%22%22%5D%7D&r=24|access-date=2018-03-07}}</ref>  and in the [[United States Senate]] on December 18, 2001 (voting 87–10).<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Boehner|first=John A.|date=January 8, 2002|title=Actions – H.R.1 – 107th Congress (2001–2002): No Child Left Behind Act of 2001|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1/actions|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> The Act was then signed into law by President Bush on January 8, 2002.<ref name=":122" />