Ohio: Difference between revisions

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Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a [[swing state]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Kevin |date=September 2, 2021 |title=What Happened?: The 2020 election confirmed that Ohio is no longer a swing state. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the success of many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Paul |last2=Diaz |first2=Daniella |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Sen. Sherrod Brown says Ohio is still a swing state ahead of 2024 election {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ohio shows signs of becoming swing state again for Democrats |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a [[swing state]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Kevin |date=September 2, 2021 |title=What Happened?: The 2020 election confirmed that Ohio is no longer a swing state. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the success of many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Paul |last2=Diaz |first2=Daniella |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Sen. Sherrod Brown says Ohio is still a swing state ahead of 2024 election {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ohio shows signs of becoming swing state again for Democrats |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


On March 9, 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Ohio Coronavirus Map and Case Count |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222003328/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus (Covid-19) |url=https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=coronavirus.ohio.gov |publisher=[[Ohio Department of Health]] |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222102033/https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohio's economy was also heavily impacted by the pandemic, as the state saw large job losses in 2020, as well as large amounts of subsequent [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus spending]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ellerbrock |first1=Matthew |last2=Demko |first2=Iryna |last3=Lendel |first3=Iryna |last4=Henrichsen |first4=Erica |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ohio |url=https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730 |journal=All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications |pages=1–7 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405072405/https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On March 9, 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Ohio Coronavirus Map and Case Count |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222003328/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus (Covid-19) |url=https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=coronavirus.ohio.gov |publisher=[[Ohio Department of Health]] |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222102033/https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohio's economy was also heavily impacted by the pandemic, as the state saw large job losses in 2020, as well as large amounts of subsequent [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus spending]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ellerbrock |first1=Matthew |last2=Demko |first2=Iryna |last3=Lendel |first3=Iryna |last4=Henrichsen |first4=Erica |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ohio |url=https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730 |journal=All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications |pages=1–7 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405072405/https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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Historian [[R. Douglas Hurt]] asserts that not since [[Politics of Virginia|Virginia]] "had a state made such a mark on national political affairs" as Ohio.<ref name="holli162">Holli (1999), p. 162.</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' notes that "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb".<ref>[http://www.economist.com/World/na/displayStory.cfm?story_id=5327576 " A grain of sand for your thoughts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060226043446/http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5327576 |date=February 26, 2006 }}, ''The Economist'', December 20, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2005.</ref>
Historian [[R. Douglas Hurt]] asserts that not since [[Politics of Virginia|Virginia]] "had a state made such a mark on national political affairs" as Ohio.<ref name="holli162">Holli (1999), p. 162.</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' notes that "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb".<ref>[http://www.economist.com/World/na/displayStory.cfm?story_id=5327576 " A grain of sand for your thoughts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060226043446/http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5327576 |date=February 26, 2006 }}, ''The Economist'', December 20, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2005.</ref>


Ohio is considered a moderately [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state politically.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/once-a-swing-state-ohio-now-seems-to-lean-more-conservative/7565029.html |title=Once a swing state, Ohio now seems to lean more conservative |author=Stearns, Scott |publisher=Voice of America |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite magazine |last=Mayer |first=Jane |date=2022-08-06 |title=State Legislatures Are Torching Democracy |language=en-US |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0028-792X |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230210851/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref> It had been a [[swing state]] in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; this status was called into question after the state voted for Republican [[Donald Trump]] at larger margins than the nation as a whole in the [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election in Ohio|2024 presidential election]]s.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 'Ohio has taken a different turn' - Why Ohio no longer appears to be a swing state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724201809/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 |date=July 24, 2022 }}. [[NBC News]], November 12, 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/10/11/why-ohio-is-not-considered-a-swing-state-in-this-years-presidential-election/ |title=Why Ohio is not considered a swing state in this year’s presidential election |author=Henry, Megan |publisher=Ohio Capital Journal |date=October 11, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref> It has also been considered a [[bellwether]] state.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html Trolling the Campuses for Swing-State Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528014334/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html |date=May 28, 2015 }}, Julie Salamon, "[[The New York Times]]", October 2, 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ Game Theory for Swingers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201225851/http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ |date=February 1, 2011 }}, Jordan Ellenberg, "[[Slate.com]]", October 25, 2004</ref> Since [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]], Ohio has had only three misses in the general election ([[1944 United States presidential election in Ohio|1944]], [[1960 United States presidential election in Ohio|1960]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]]) and had the longest perfect streak of any state, voting for the winning presidential candidate in each election from [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]] to [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and in 34 of the 39 held since the [[American Civil War]]. No Republican has ever won the presidency without winning Ohio.
Ohio is considered a moderately [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state politically.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/once-a-swing-state-ohio-now-seems-to-lean-more-conservative/7565029.html |title=Once a swing state, Ohio now seems to lean more conservative |author=Stearns, Scott |publisher=Voice of America |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite magazine |last=Mayer |first=Jane |date=2022-08-06 |title=State Legislatures Are Torching Democracy |language=en-US |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0028-792X |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230210851/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref> It had been a [[swing state]] in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; this status was called into question after the state voted for Republican [[Donald Trump]] at larger margins than the nation as a whole in the [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election in Ohio|2024 presidential election]]s.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 'Ohio has taken a different turn' - Why Ohio no longer appears to be a swing state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724201809/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 |date=July 24, 2022 }}. [[NBC News]], November 12, 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/10/11/why-ohio-is-not-considered-a-swing-state-in-this-years-presidential-election/ |title=Why Ohio is not considered a swing state in this year’s presidential election |author=Henry, Megan |publisher=Ohio Capital Journal |date=October 11, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref> It has also been considered a [[bellwether]] state.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html Trolling the Campuses for Swing-State Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528014334/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html |date=May 28, 2015 }}, Julie Salamon, "The New York Times", October 2, 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ Game Theory for Swingers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201225851/http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ |date=February 1, 2011 }}, Jordan Ellenberg, "[[Slate.com]]", October 25, 2004</ref> Since [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]], Ohio has had only three misses in the general election ([[1944 United States presidential election in Ohio|1944]], [[1960 United States presidential election in Ohio|1960]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]]) and had the longest perfect streak of any state, voting for the winning presidential candidate in each election from [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]] to [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and in 34 of the 39 held since the [[American Civil War]]. No Republican has ever won the presidency without winning Ohio.


As of 2024, there are more than 8&nbsp;million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party. They are disproportionate in age, with a million more over 65 than there are 18- to 24-year-olds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ohiovoterproject.org/|title=Weekly Voter Statistics For Ohio—May 4, 2019|date=May 5, 2019|website=Ohio Voter Project|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001356/https://ohiovoterproject.org/|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the [[2010 United States elections|2010 midterm elections]], Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|title=Ohio Voters Are More Likely to be Old, White, Without Higher Education and Non-Affiliated with a Political Party|publisher=Clevescene|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001358/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
As of 2024, there are more than 8&nbsp;million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party. They are disproportionate in age, with a million more over 65 than there are 18- to 24-year-olds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ohiovoterproject.org/|title=Weekly Voter Statistics For Ohio—May 4, 2019|date=May 5, 2019|website=Ohio Voter Project|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001356/https://ohiovoterproject.org/|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the [[2010 United States elections|2010 midterm elections]], Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|title=Ohio Voters Are More Likely to be Old, White, Without Higher Education and Non-Affiliated with a Political Party|publisher=Clevescene|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001358/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>