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The U.S. Navy was one of the first to install [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear reactors aboard naval vessels]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation&nbsp;– Presidential Unit Citation for making the first submerged voyage under the North Pole |url=http://www.ussnautilus.org/events/panopo50th/puc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204062318/http://www.ussnautilus.org/events/panopo50th/puc.html |archive-date=4 February 2009 |website=[[US Navy Submarine Force Museum and Library|US Navy Submarine Force Museum]]}}</ref> Today, [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]] powers all active U.S. aircraft carriers and [[submarine]]s.
The U.S. Navy was one of the first to install [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear reactors aboard naval vessels]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation&nbsp;– Presidential Unit Citation for making the first submerged voyage under the North Pole |url=http://www.ussnautilus.org/events/panopo50th/puc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204062318/http://www.ussnautilus.org/events/panopo50th/puc.html |archive-date=4 February 2009 |website=[[US Navy Submarine Force Museum and Library|US Navy Submarine Force Museum]]}}</ref> Today, [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]] powers all active U.S. aircraft carriers and [[submarine]]s.


In early 2010, the U.S. Navy had identified a need for 313 combat ships but could only afford 232 to 243 ships.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4366292&c=FEA&s=INT |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525032325/https://www.defensenews.com/error-404 |archive-date=25 May 2017 |title=Vice Adm. Barry McCullough |website=Defense News}}</ref> In March 2014, the Navy started counting self-deployable support ships such as minesweepers, surveillance craft, and tugs in the "battle fleet" to reach a count of 272 as of October 2016,<ref>[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/NVRSHIPS/FLEETSIZE.HTML Fleet Size] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019001420/http://www.nvr.navy.mil/NVRSHIPS/FLEETSIZE.HTML |date=19 October 2016}} US Navy Retrieved 17 October 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140309/DEFREG02/303090012/US-Navy-Budget-Plan-Major-Questions-Abound |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20140309211717/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140309/DEFREG02/303090012/US-Navy-Budget-Plan-Major-Questions-Abound |archive-date=9 March 2014 |title=US Navy Budget Plan: Major Questions Abound |last1=CAVAS |first1=CHRISTOPHER P. |date=9 March 2014 |website= defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref> and it includes ships that have been put in "shrink wrap".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://breakingdefense.com/2014/03/outrage-on-capitol-hill-as-navy-changes-ship-counting-rules/ |title=Outrage on Capitol Hill As Navy Changes Ship-Counting Rules |last1=Freedberg |first1=Sydney J. Jr. |date=11 March 2014 |website=breakingdefense.com |publisher=Breaking Media, Inc. |access-date=11 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213008/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/03/outrage-on-capitol-hill-as-navy-changes-ship-counting-rules/ |archive-date=12 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The number of ships generally ranged between 270 and 300 throughout the late 2010s.<ref name="CSR1">{{cite report |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10486 |title=Defense Primer: Naval Forces |author=Ronald O'Rourke |date=21 July 2021 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |page=2 |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721154538/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10486 }}</ref> As of February 2022, the Navy has 296 battle force ships, however analyses state the Navy needs a fleet of more than 500 to meet its commitments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2022 |title=CNO Gilday: 'We Need a Naval Force of Over 500 Ships' |url=https://news.usni.org/2022/02/18/cno-gilday-we-need-a-naval-force-of-over-500-ships |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=USNI News |language=en-US |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228023717/https://news.usni.org/2022/02/18/cno-gilday-we-need-a-naval-force-of-over-500-ships |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=The Editorial Board |date=23 February 2022 |title=Opinion {{!}} America Needs a Bigger Navy |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-needs-a-bigger-navy-admiral-mike-gilday-pentagon-defense-spending-11645649492 |access-date=28 February 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228023715/https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-needs-a-bigger-navy-admiral-mike-gilday-pentagon-defense-spending-11645649492 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In early 2010, the U.S. Navy had identified a need for 313 combat ships but could only afford 232 to 243 ships.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4366292&c=FEA&s=INT |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525032325/https://www.defensenews.com/error-404 |archive-date=25 May 2017 |title=Vice Adm. Barry McCullough |website=Defense News}}</ref> In March 2014, the Navy started counting self-deployable support ships such as minesweepers, surveillance craft, and tugs in the "battle fleet" to reach a count of 272 as of October 2016,<ref>[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/NVRSHIPS/FLEETSIZE.HTML Fleet Size] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019001420/http://www.nvr.navy.mil/NVRSHIPS/FLEETSIZE.HTML |date=19 October 2016}} US Navy Retrieved 17 October 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140309/DEFREG02/303090012/US-Navy-Budget-Plan-Major-Questions-Abound |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20140309211717/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140309/DEFREG02/303090012/US-Navy-Budget-Plan-Major-Questions-Abound |archive-date=9 March 2014 |title=US Navy Budget Plan: Major Questions Abound |last1=CAVAS |first1=CHRISTOPHER P. |date=9 March 2014 |website= defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref> and it includes ships that have been put in "shrink wrap".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://breakingdefense.com/2014/03/outrage-on-capitol-hill-as-navy-changes-ship-counting-rules/ |title=Outrage on Capitol Hill As Navy Changes Ship-Counting Rules |last1=Freedberg |first1=Sydney J. Jr. |date=11 March 2014 |website=breakingdefense.com |publisher=Breaking Media, Inc. |access-date=11 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213008/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/03/outrage-on-capitol-hill-as-navy-changes-ship-counting-rules/ |archive-date=12 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The number of ships generally ranged between 270 and 300 throughout the late 2010s.<ref name="CSR1">{{cite report |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10486 |title=Defense Primer: Naval Forces |author=Ronald O'Rourke |date=21 July 2021 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |page=2 |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721154538/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10486 }}</ref> As of February 2022, the Navy has 296 battle force ships, however analyses state the Navy needs a fleet of more than 500 to meet its commitments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2022 |title=CNO Gilday: 'We Need a Naval Force of Over 500 Ships' |url=https://news.usni.org/2022/02/18/cno-gilday-we-need-a-naval-force-of-over-500-ships |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=USNI News |language=en-US |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228023717/https://news.usni.org/2022/02/18/cno-gilday-we-need-a-naval-force-of-over-500-ships |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=The Editorial Board |date=23 February 2022 |title=Opinion {{!}} America Needs a Bigger Navy |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-needs-a-bigger-navy-admiral-mike-gilday-pentagon-defense-spending-11645649492 |access-date=28 February 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228023715/https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-needs-a-bigger-navy-admiral-mike-gilday-pentagon-defense-spending-11645649492 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==== Aircraft carriers ====
==== Aircraft carriers ====
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