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First presidency of Donald Trump: Difference between revisions
First presidency of Donald Trump (view source)
Revision as of 22:50, 21 December 2024
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{{Main|False or misleading statements by Donald Trump}} | {{Main|False or misleading statements by Donald Trump}} | ||
{{ multiple image | total_width=320 | {{ multiple image | total_width=320 | ||
|image1= 2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png |caption1= [[Fact-checkers]] from ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=WashPostDatabase>{{cite news |author1=Fact Checker |title=In four years, President Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120194744/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> (top, monthly), the ''[[Toronto Star]]''<ref name="TorontoStar_20190605">{{cite news|last1=Dale|first1=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Dale|date=June 5, 2019|title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president|work=[[Toronto Star]]|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003215457/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html|archive-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref> and | |image1= 2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png |caption1= [[Fact-checkers]] from ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=WashPostDatabase>{{cite news |author1=Fact Checker |title=In four years, President Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120194744/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> (top, monthly), the ''[[Toronto Star]]''<ref name="TorontoStar_20190605">{{cite news|last1=Dale|first1=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Dale|date=June 5, 2019|title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president|work=[[Toronto Star]]|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003215457/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html|archive-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref> and CNN<ref name=Dale_20200309>{{cite news |last1=Dale |first1=Daniel |title=Trump is averaging about 59 false claims per week since ... July 8, 2019. |url=https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1237083913496989702 |agency=CNN|date=March 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309184231/https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1237083913496989702 |archive-date=March 9, 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=April 16, 2020 }} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200415192932/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ESsA5nTXYAA562e?format=png direct link to chart image])</ref><ref name="Dale_Subramaniam_3/9/2020">{{cite web | last1=Dale | first1=Daniel | last2=Subramaniam | first2=Tara | title=Donald Trump made 115 false claims in the last two weeks of February | website=CNN | date=March 9, 2020 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/politics/fact-check-trump-false-claims-february/index.html | access-date=August 3, 2021 | archive-date=August 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803235929/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/politics/fact-check-trump-false-claims-february/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref> (bottom, weekly) compiled data on "false or misleading claims", and "false claims", respectively. The peaks corresponded in late 2018 to [[2018 United States elections|the midterm elections]], in late 2019 to his [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry]], and in late 2020 to the presidential election. The ''Post'' reported 30,573 false or misleading claims in four years,<ref name=WashPostDatabase/> an average of more than 20.9 per day. | ||
}} | }} | ||
The number and scale of Trump's statements in public speeches, remarks, and [[Twitter#Tweets|tweets]] identified as false by scholars, fact-checkers, and commentators were characterized as unprecedented for an American president,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||first=Carole|last=McGranahan|url=https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/amet.12475|title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage|journal=[[American Ethnologist]]|volume=44|issue=2|date=April 2017|pages=243–248|doi=10.1111/amet.12475|quote=Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.{{spaces}}... Stretching the truth and exaggerating is a key part of Trump's repertoire.|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126005215/https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/amet.12475|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=November 11, 2021 |first=Grace |last=Segers |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/washington-post-fact-checker-talks-trumps-false-statements/|title=Washington Post fact checker talks about Trump and the truth |work=[[CBS News]] |date=June 12, 2020|quote=Glenn Kessler, the chief writer for the "Fact Checker" feature of ''The Washington Post'', says that 'every president lies,' but President Trump is unique in the sheer scale and number of his falsehoods.{{spaces}}... 'What is unique about Trump is that he misleads and says false things and lies about just about everything on a regular basis.'}}</ref> and even unprecedented in U.S. politics.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|date=August 7, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html|title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 11, 2019|quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer Hannah Arendt once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}</ref> ''[[The New Yorker]]'' called falsehoods a distinctive part of his political identity,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose| title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose| magazine=[[The New Yorker]]| date=August 3, 2018| access-date=January 10, 2019| first=Susan| last=Glasser| quote=for the President's unprecedented record of untruths{{spaces}}... the previous gold standard in Presidential lying was, of course, Richard Nixon{{spaces}}... the falsehoods are as much a part of his political identity as his floppy orange hair and the "Make America Great Again" slogan.}}</ref> and they have also been described by Republican political advisor [[Amanda Carpenter]] as a [[gaslighting]] tactic.<ref>{{cite book |last = Carpenter |first = Amanda |author-link = Amanda Carpenter |title = Gaslighting America: Why We Love It When Trump Lies to Us |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wPKmtAEACAAJ |publisher = [[HarperCollins]] |access-date = March 2, 2019 |isbn = 978-0-06-274801-0 |date = April 30, 2019}}</ref> His White House had dismissed the idea of [[objective truth]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Kakutani |first = Michiko |author-link = Michiko Kakutani |title = The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ |publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group]] |access-date = March 2, 2019 |isbn = 978-0-525-57484-2 |date = July 17, 2018}}</ref> and his campaign and presidency have been described as being "[[post-truth]]",<ref>{{cite book |last = Kellner |first = Douglas |author-link = Douglas Kellner |title = Post-Truth, Fake News |pages = 89–100 |chapter = Donald Trump and the Politics of Lying |doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-8013-5_7 |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-981-10-8012-8}}</ref> as well as hyper-[[Orwellian]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Peters |first = Michael A. |author-link = Michael Adrian Peters |title = Post-Truth, Fake News |pages = 145–150 |chapter = Education in a Post-truth World |doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-8013-5_12 |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323242136 |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-981-10-8012-8 |s2cid = 152030865 |access-date = November 8, 2021 |archive-date = November 10, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211110172459/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323242136_Education_in_a_Post-truth_World |url-status = live }}</ref> Trump's rhetorical signature included disregarding data from federal institutions that was incompatible to his arguments; quoting hearsay, anecdotal evidence, and questionable claims in partisan media; denying reality (including his own statements); and distracting when falsehoods were exposed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Jamieson|first1=Kathleen Hall|last2=Taussig|first2=Doron|title=Disruption, Demonization, Deliverance, and Norm Destruction: The Rhetorical Signature of Donald J. Trump|journal=[[Political Science Quarterly]]|date=2017|volume=132|issue=4|pages=619–650|url=https://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA523610257&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00323195&p=AONE&sw=w|access-date=March 2, 2019|doi=10.1002/polq.12699 |s2cid=158646001}}</ref> | The number and scale of Trump's statements in public speeches, remarks, and [[Twitter#Tweets|tweets]] identified as false by scholars, fact-checkers, and commentators were characterized as unprecedented for an American president,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||first=Carole|last=McGranahan|url=https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/amet.12475|title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage|journal=[[American Ethnologist]]|volume=44|issue=2|date=April 2017|pages=243–248|doi=10.1111/amet.12475|quote=Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.{{spaces}}... Stretching the truth and exaggerating is a key part of Trump's repertoire.|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126005215/https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/amet.12475|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=November 11, 2021 |first=Grace |last=Segers |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/washington-post-fact-checker-talks-trumps-false-statements/|title=Washington Post fact checker talks about Trump and the truth |work=[[CBS News]] |date=June 12, 2020|quote=Glenn Kessler, the chief writer for the "Fact Checker" feature of ''The Washington Post'', says that 'every president lies,' but President Trump is unique in the sheer scale and number of his falsehoods.{{spaces}}... 'What is unique about Trump is that he misleads and says false things and lies about just about everything on a regular basis.'}}</ref> and even unprecedented in U.S. politics.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|date=August 7, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html|title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 11, 2019|quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer Hannah Arendt once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}</ref> ''[[The New Yorker]]'' called falsehoods a distinctive part of his political identity,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose| title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose| magazine=[[The New Yorker]]| date=August 3, 2018| access-date=January 10, 2019| first=Susan| last=Glasser| quote=for the President's unprecedented record of untruths{{spaces}}... the previous gold standard in Presidential lying was, of course, Richard Nixon{{spaces}}... the falsehoods are as much a part of his political identity as his floppy orange hair and the "Make America Great Again" slogan.}}</ref> and they have also been described by Republican political advisor [[Amanda Carpenter]] as a [[gaslighting]] tactic.<ref>{{cite book |last = Carpenter |first = Amanda |author-link = Amanda Carpenter |title = Gaslighting America: Why We Love It When Trump Lies to Us |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wPKmtAEACAAJ |publisher = [[HarperCollins]] |access-date = March 2, 2019 |isbn = 978-0-06-274801-0 |date = April 30, 2019}}</ref> His White House had dismissed the idea of [[objective truth]],<ref>{{cite book |last = Kakutani |first = Michiko |author-link = Michiko Kakutani |title = The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ |publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group]] |access-date = March 2, 2019 |isbn = 978-0-525-57484-2 |date = July 17, 2018}}</ref> and his campaign and presidency have been described as being "[[post-truth]]",<ref>{{cite book |last = Kellner |first = Douglas |author-link = Douglas Kellner |title = Post-Truth, Fake News |pages = 89–100 |chapter = Donald Trump and the Politics of Lying |doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-8013-5_7 |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-981-10-8012-8}}</ref> as well as hyper-[[Orwellian]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Peters |first = Michael A. |author-link = Michael Adrian Peters |title = Post-Truth, Fake News |pages = 145–150 |chapter = Education in a Post-truth World |doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-8013-5_12 |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323242136 |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-981-10-8012-8 |s2cid = 152030865 |access-date = November 8, 2021 |archive-date = November 10, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211110172459/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323242136_Education_in_a_Post-truth_World |url-status = live }}</ref> Trump's rhetorical signature included disregarding data from federal institutions that was incompatible to his arguments; quoting hearsay, anecdotal evidence, and questionable claims in partisan media; denying reality (including his own statements); and distracting when falsehoods were exposed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Jamieson|first1=Kathleen Hall|last2=Taussig|first2=Doron|title=Disruption, Demonization, Deliverance, and Norm Destruction: The Rhetorical Signature of Donald J. Trump|journal=[[Political Science Quarterly]]|date=2017|volume=132|issue=4|pages=619–650|url=https://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA523610257&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00323195&p=AONE&sw=w|access-date=March 2, 2019|doi=10.1002/polq.12699 |s2cid=158646001}}</ref> | ||
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Shortly before Trump secured the 2016 Republican nomination, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported "legal experts across the political spectrum say" Trump's rhetoric reflected "a constitutional worldview that shows contempt for the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]], the [[Separation of powers under the United States Constitution|separation of powers]], and the [[rule of law]]," adding "many conservative and libertarian legal scholars warn that electing Mr. Trump is a recipe for a [[constitutional crisis]]."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/04/us/politics/donald-trump-constitution-power.html |first=Adam |last=Liptak |date=June 4, 2016 |title=Donald Trump Could Threaten U.S. Rule of Law, Scholars Say|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref> Political scientists warned that candidate Trump's rhetoric and actions mimicked those of other politicians who ultimately turned [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] once in office.<ref>{{cite book |access-date = November 10, 2021 |last = Levitsky |first = Steven |title = How democracies die |date = January 16, 2018 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iF3ODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |pages = 61–67 |publisher = Crown |isbn = 978-0-525-58795-8 |oclc = 1019872575}}</ref> Some scholars have concluded that during Trump's tenure as president and largely due to his actions and rhetoric, the U.S. has experienced [[democratic backsliding]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Lieberman |first1=Robert C. |last2=Mettler |first2=Suzanne |last3=Pepinsky |first3=Thomas B. |last4=Roberts |first4=Kenneth M. |last5=Valelly |first5=Richard |title=The Trump Presidency and American Democracy: A Historical and Comparative Analysis |journal=Perspectives on Politics |date=October 29, 2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=470–479 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718003286 |issn=1537-5927 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Kaufman |first1=Robert R. |last2=Haggard |first2=Stephan |title=Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? |journal=Perspectives on Politics |date=October 29, 2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=417–432 |doi=10.1017/s1537592718003377 |issn=1537-5927 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Many prominent Republicans have expressed similar concerns that Trump's perceived disregard for the rule of law betrayed conservative principles.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.nhpr.org/all-things-considered/2018-05-23/bill-kristol-really-wants-someone-to-challenge-trump |title=Bill Kristol Really Wants Someone to Challenge Trump|first=Peter|last=Biello|date=May 23, 2018|publisher=NHPR|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/opinion/republicans-midterms-trump.html |date=June 25, 2018 |first=David |last=Leonhardt |title=Opinion – Republicans Against Trump|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Just in time: A new Republican group seeks to protect Mueller |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2018/04/11/just-in-time-a-new-republican-group-seeks-to-protect-mueller/ |first=Jennifer |last=Rubin |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Conservative Lawyers Say Trump Has Undermined the Rule of Law |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/us/politics/conservative-lawyers-trump.html |first=Adam |last=Liptak |access-date=November 18, 2018 |date=November 14, 2018}}</ref> | Shortly before Trump secured the 2016 Republican nomination, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported "legal experts across the political spectrum say" Trump's rhetoric reflected "a constitutional worldview that shows contempt for the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]], the [[Separation of powers under the United States Constitution|separation of powers]], and the [[rule of law]]," adding "many conservative and libertarian legal scholars warn that electing Mr. Trump is a recipe for a [[constitutional crisis]]."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/04/us/politics/donald-trump-constitution-power.html |first=Adam |last=Liptak |date=June 4, 2016 |title=Donald Trump Could Threaten U.S. Rule of Law, Scholars Say|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref> Political scientists warned that candidate Trump's rhetoric and actions mimicked those of other politicians who ultimately turned [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] once in office.<ref>{{cite book |access-date = November 10, 2021 |last = Levitsky |first = Steven |title = How democracies die |date = January 16, 2018 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iF3ODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |pages = 61–67 |publisher = Crown |isbn = 978-0-525-58795-8 |oclc = 1019872575}}</ref> Some scholars have concluded that during Trump's tenure as president and largely due to his actions and rhetoric, the U.S. has experienced [[democratic backsliding]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Lieberman |first1=Robert C. |last2=Mettler |first2=Suzanne |last3=Pepinsky |first3=Thomas B. |last4=Roberts |first4=Kenneth M. |last5=Valelly |first5=Richard |title=The Trump Presidency and American Democracy: A Historical and Comparative Analysis |journal=Perspectives on Politics |date=October 29, 2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=470–479 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718003286 |issn=1537-5927 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Kaufman |first1=Robert R. |last2=Haggard |first2=Stephan |title=Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? |journal=Perspectives on Politics |date=October 29, 2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=417–432 |doi=10.1017/s1537592718003377 |issn=1537-5927 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Many prominent Republicans have expressed similar concerns that Trump's perceived disregard for the rule of law betrayed conservative principles.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.nhpr.org/all-things-considered/2018-05-23/bill-kristol-really-wants-someone-to-challenge-trump |title=Bill Kristol Really Wants Someone to Challenge Trump|first=Peter|last=Biello|date=May 23, 2018|publisher=NHPR|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/opinion/republicans-midterms-trump.html |date=June 25, 2018 |first=David |last=Leonhardt |title=Opinion – Republicans Against Trump|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Just in time: A new Republican group seeks to protect Mueller |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2018/04/11/just-in-time-a-new-republican-group-seeks-to-protect-mueller/ |first=Jennifer |last=Rubin |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Conservative Lawyers Say Trump Has Undermined the Rule of Law |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/us/politics/conservative-lawyers-trump.html |first=Adam |last=Liptak |access-date=November 18, 2018 |date=November 14, 2018}}</ref> | ||
During the first two years of his presidency, Trump repeatedly sought to influence the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] to investigate Clinton,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1345/appoint-special-prosecutor-investigate-hillary-cli/ |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=No special counsel was ever appointed to investigate Hillary Clinton |work=PolitiFact |first=Louis |last=Jacobson |date=July 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/03/trump-doj-investigate-hillary-clinton-244505 |title=Trump ratchets up call for DOJ to investigate Hillary Clinton |first=Louis |last=Nelson |website=[[Politico]] |date=November 3, 2017}}</ref> the [[Democratic National Committee]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/358576-trump-calls-on-fbi-to-investigate-dems-after-revelations-about/|first1=Jordan|last1=Fabian|first2=Avery|last2=Anapol|title=Trump calls on FBI to investigate Clinton-DNC deal|work=The Hill|date=November 3, 2017|access-date=September 18, 2022}}</ref> and Comey.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-foes-james-comey-andrew-mccabe-reportedly-subjected-rare-rigorou-rcna37024|title=IRS asks for review of audits into Trump foes James Comey and Andrew McCabe|date=July 7, 2022|first1=Zoë|last1=Richards|first2=Dareh|last2=Gregorian|work=NBC News|access-date=September 19, 2022}}</ref> He persistently repeated a variety of allegations, at least some of which had already been investigated or debunked.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/03/trump-doj-investigate-hillary-clinton-244505 |first=Louis |last=Nelson |title=Trump ratchets up call for DOJ to investigate Hillary Clinton |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=November 21, 2018 |date=November 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/politics/donald-trump-justice-department-campaign/index.html|title=Trump demands Justice Department examine whether it or FBI spied on campaign |first1=Maegan |last1=Vazquez |first2=Laura |last2=Jarrett |first3=Dana |last3=Bash |date=May 20, 2018 |work= | During the first two years of his presidency, Trump repeatedly sought to influence the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] to investigate Clinton,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1345/appoint-special-prosecutor-investigate-hillary-cli/ |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=No special counsel was ever appointed to investigate Hillary Clinton |work=PolitiFact |first=Louis |last=Jacobson |date=July 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/03/trump-doj-investigate-hillary-clinton-244505 |title=Trump ratchets up call for DOJ to investigate Hillary Clinton |first=Louis |last=Nelson |website=[[Politico]] |date=November 3, 2017}}</ref> the [[Democratic National Committee]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/358576-trump-calls-on-fbi-to-investigate-dems-after-revelations-about/|first1=Jordan|last1=Fabian|first2=Avery|last2=Anapol|title=Trump calls on FBI to investigate Clinton-DNC deal|work=The Hill|date=November 3, 2017|access-date=September 18, 2022}}</ref> and Comey.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-foes-james-comey-andrew-mccabe-reportedly-subjected-rare-rigorou-rcna37024|title=IRS asks for review of audits into Trump foes James Comey and Andrew McCabe|date=July 7, 2022|first1=Zoë|last1=Richards|first2=Dareh|last2=Gregorian|work=NBC News|access-date=September 19, 2022}}</ref> He persistently repeated a variety of allegations, at least some of which had already been investigated or debunked.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/03/trump-doj-investigate-hillary-clinton-244505 |first=Louis |last=Nelson |title=Trump ratchets up call for DOJ to investigate Hillary Clinton |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=November 21, 2018 |date=November 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/politics/donald-trump-justice-department-campaign/index.html|title=Trump demands Justice Department examine whether it or FBI spied on campaign |first1=Maegan |last1=Vazquez |first2=Laura |last2=Jarrett |first3=Dana |last3=Bash |date=May 20, 2018 |work=CNN|access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> In spring 2018, Trump told White House counsel [[Don McGahn]] he wanted to order the Department of Justice to prosecute Clinton and Comey, but McGahn advised Trump such action would constitute abuse of power and invite possible [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeachment]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/20/us/politics/president-trump-justice-department.html |date=November 20, 2018 |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |title=Trump Wanted to Order Justice Dept. to Prosecute Comey and Clinton |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Trump demanded that the Department of Justice investigate "whether or not the FBI/DOJ infiltrated or surveilled the Trump Campaign for Political Purposes," which the Department of Justice referred to its [[United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General|inspector general]].<ref name="nytimes.com2">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/20/us/politics/trump-mueller.html |date=May 20, 2018 |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |first2=Adam |last2=Goldman |title=Trump Demands Inquiry Into Whether Justice Dept. 'Infiltrated or Surveilled' His Campaign|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> Although it is not unlawful for a president to exert influence on the Department of Justice to open an investigation, presidents have assiduously avoided doing so to prevent perceptions of political interference.<ref name="nytimes.com2" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-politics-north-america-ap-top-news-impeachments-060ca2399a744b4a9554dbd2ec276a90 |title=Trump Wanted to Prosecute Comey, Hillary Clinton|work=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 21, 2018 |first=Zeke |last=Miller |access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Sessions resisted several demands by Trump and his allies for investigations of political opponents, causing Trump to repeatedly express frustration, saying at one point, "I don't have an attorney general."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/19/649475687/trump-again-slams-jeff-sessions-i-don-t-have-an-attorney-general|title=Trump Again Slams Jeff Sessions: 'I Don't Have An Attorney General'|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=September 19, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018|last1=Seipel|first1=Arnie}}</ref> While criticizing the special counsel investigation in July 2019, Trump falsely claimed that [[Article Two of the United States Constitution|the Constitution]] ensures that "I have to the right to do whatever I want as president."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brice-Saddler|first=Michael|date=July 23, 2019|title=While bemoaning Mueller probe, Trump falsely says the Constitution gives him 'the right to do whatever I want'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/07/23/trump-falsely-tells-auditorium-full-teens-constitution-gives-him-right-do-whatever-i-want/|access-date=July 24, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Trump had on multiple occasions either suggested or promoted views of extending his presidency beyond normal term limits.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Corbett|first=Erin|title=Trump Keeps Alluding to Extending His Presidency. Does He Mean It? |date=May 6, 2019 |url=https://fortune.com/2019/05/06/donald-trump-presidential-term-limit/|access-date=June 17, 2019|website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Wu|first=Nicholas|title=Trump says supporters could 'demand' he not leave office after two terms|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/06/16/trump-says-supporters-could-demand-he-not-leave-after-two-terms/1471915001/ |date=June 16, 2019 |access-date=June 17, 2019|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> | Sessions resisted several demands by Trump and his allies for investigations of political opponents, causing Trump to repeatedly express frustration, saying at one point, "I don't have an attorney general."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/19/649475687/trump-again-slams-jeff-sessions-i-don-t-have-an-attorney-general|title=Trump Again Slams Jeff Sessions: 'I Don't Have An Attorney General'|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=September 19, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018|last1=Seipel|first1=Arnie}}</ref> While criticizing the special counsel investigation in July 2019, Trump falsely claimed that [[Article Two of the United States Constitution|the Constitution]] ensures that "I have to the right to do whatever I want as president."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brice-Saddler|first=Michael|date=July 23, 2019|title=While bemoaning Mueller probe, Trump falsely says the Constitution gives him 'the right to do whatever I want'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/07/23/trump-falsely-tells-auditorium-full-teens-constitution-gives-him-right-do-whatever-i-want/|access-date=July 24, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Trump had on multiple occasions either suggested or promoted views of extending his presidency beyond normal term limits.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Corbett|first=Erin|title=Trump Keeps Alluding to Extending His Presidency. Does He Mean It? |date=May 6, 2019 |url=https://fortune.com/2019/05/06/donald-trump-presidential-term-limit/|access-date=June 17, 2019|website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Wu|first=Nicholas|title=Trump says supporters could 'demand' he not leave office after two terms|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/06/16/trump-says-supporters-could-demand-he-not-leave-after-two-terms/1471915001/ |date=June 16, 2019 |access-date=June 17, 2019|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:19 03 2019 Declaração à imprensa (47423243351).jpg|thumb|During a joint news conference, Trump said he was "very proud" to hear [[Brazil]]ian president [[Jair Bolsonaro]] use the term "fake news."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump says he's 'very proud' to hear Bolsonaro use the term 'fake news'|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/434762-trump-says-hes-very-proud-to-hear-bolsonaro-use-the-term-fake-news |first=Brett |last=Samuels |access-date=November 7, 2021 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=March 19, 2019}}</ref>]] | [[File:19 03 2019 Declaração à imprensa (47423243351).jpg|thumb|During a joint news conference, Trump said he was "very proud" to hear [[Brazil]]ian president [[Jair Bolsonaro]] use the term "fake news."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump says he's 'very proud' to hear Bolsonaro use the term 'fake news'|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/434762-trump-says-hes-very-proud-to-hear-bolsonaro-use-the-term-fake-news |first=Brett |last=Samuels |access-date=November 7, 2021 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=March 19, 2019}}</ref>]] | ||
In October 2018, Trump praised U.S. representative [[Greg Gianforte]] for assaulting political reporter [[Ben Jacobs (journalist)|Ben Jacobs]] in 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/19/us/politics/trump-greg-gianforte-montana.html|title='That's My Kind of Guy,' Trump Says of Republican Lawmaker Who Body-Slammed a Reporter|last=Cochrane|first=Emily|date=October 19, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> According to analysts, the incident marked the first time the president has "openly and directly praised a violent act against a journalist on American soil."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/18/trump-greg-gianforte-assault-guardian-ben-jacobs|title=Trump praises Gianforte for assault on Guardian reporter: 'He's my guy'|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=October 19, 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Later that month, as [[October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts|CNN and prominent Democrats were targeted with mail bombs]], Trump initially condemned the bomb attempts but shortly thereafter blamed the "Mainstream Media that I refer to as Fake News" for causing "a very big part of the anger we see today in our society."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/25/politics/trump-blames-media-for-anger-after-attacks/index.html |date=October 25, 2018 |title=Trump claims media to blame for 'anger' after bombs sent to CNN, Dems |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Liz |last2=Stark |work= | In October 2018, Trump praised U.S. representative [[Greg Gianforte]] for assaulting political reporter [[Ben Jacobs (journalist)|Ben Jacobs]] in 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/19/us/politics/trump-greg-gianforte-montana.html|title='That's My Kind of Guy,' Trump Says of Republican Lawmaker Who Body-Slammed a Reporter|last=Cochrane|first=Emily|date=October 19, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> According to analysts, the incident marked the first time the president has "openly and directly praised a violent act against a journalist on American soil."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/18/trump-greg-gianforte-assault-guardian-ben-jacobs|title=Trump praises Gianforte for assault on Guardian reporter: 'He's my guy'|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=October 19, 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Later that month, as [[October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts|CNN and prominent Democrats were targeted with mail bombs]], Trump initially condemned the bomb attempts but shortly thereafter blamed the "Mainstream Media that I refer to as Fake News" for causing "a very big part of the anger we see today in our society."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/25/politics/trump-blames-media-for-anger-after-attacks/index.html |date=October 25, 2018 |title=Trump claims media to blame for 'anger' after bombs sent to CNN, Dems |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Liz |last2=Stark |work=CNN |access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref> | ||
The Trump Justice Department obtained by court order the 2017 [[phone log]]s or email [[metadata]] of reporters from CNN, ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', [[BuzzFeed]], and ''Politico'' as part of investigations into leaks of classified information.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/02/politics/trump-administration-phone-records-reporters-new-york-times/index.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |date=June 3, 2021 |title=New York Times reports Trump administration secretly obtained its reporters' phone records|first=Paul |last=LeBlanc |website= | The Trump Justice Department obtained by court order the 2017 [[phone log]]s or email [[metadata]] of reporters from CNN, ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', [[BuzzFeed]], and ''Politico'' as part of investigations into leaks of classified information.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/02/politics/trump-administration-phone-records-reporters-new-york-times/index.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |date=June 3, 2021 |title=New York Times reports Trump administration secretly obtained its reporters' phone records|first=Paul |last=LeBlanc |website=CNN}}</ref> | ||
=== Twitter === | === Twitter === | ||
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{{See also|List of nicknames used by Donald Trump}} | {{See also|List of nicknames used by Donald Trump}} | ||
Trump continued his use of [[Twitter]] following the presidential campaign. He continued to personally tweet from [[@realDonaldTrump]], his personal account, while his staff tweet on his behalf using the official [[@POTUS]] account. His use of Twitter was unconventional for a president, with his tweets initiating controversy and becoming news in their own right.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Andrew|last=Buncombe|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-twitter-tweets-no-regrets-interview-financial-times-a7664641.html|title=Donald Trump does not regret sending any of his tweets|date=April 3, 2017|newspaper=[[The Independent]] |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Some scholars have referred to his time in office as the "first true Twitter presidency."<ref>{{Cite book |url = https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315447049 |title = Presidential Communication and Character |last = Farnsworth |first = Stephen J. |publisher = Routledge |year = 2018 |doi = 10.4324/9781315447049 |isbn = 978-1-315-44704-9 |access-date = July 23, 2019 |archive-date = August 6, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133630/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315447049 |url-status = live }}</ref> The Trump administration described Trump's tweets as "official statements by the President of the United States."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Elizabeth|last=Landers|title=Spicer: Tweets are Trump's official statements |access-date=November 11, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/trump-tweets-official-statements/index.html|work= | Trump continued his use of [[Twitter]] following the presidential campaign. He continued to personally tweet from [[@realDonaldTrump]], his personal account, while his staff tweet on his behalf using the official [[@POTUS]] account. His use of Twitter was unconventional for a president, with his tweets initiating controversy and becoming news in their own right.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Andrew|last=Buncombe|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-twitter-tweets-no-regrets-interview-financial-times-a7664641.html|title=Donald Trump does not regret sending any of his tweets|date=April 3, 2017|newspaper=[[The Independent]] |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Some scholars have referred to his time in office as the "first true Twitter presidency."<ref>{{Cite book |url = https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315447049 |title = Presidential Communication and Character |last = Farnsworth |first = Stephen J. |publisher = Routledge |year = 2018 |doi = 10.4324/9781315447049 |isbn = 978-1-315-44704-9 |access-date = July 23, 2019 |archive-date = August 6, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133630/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315447049 |url-status = live }}</ref> The Trump administration described Trump's tweets as "official statements by the President of the United States."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Elizabeth|last=Landers|title=Spicer: Tweets are Trump's official statements |access-date=November 11, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/trump-tweets-official-statements/index.html|work=CNN|date=June 6, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720220333/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/trump-tweets-official-statements/index.html|archive-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref> The federal judge [[Naomi Reice Buchwald]] ruled in 2018 that Trump's blocking of other Twitter users due to opposing political views violated the First Amendment and he must unblock them.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-twitter/trump-unblocks-more-twitter-users-after-u-s-court-ruling-idUSKCN1LE08Q |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]]|title=Trump unblocks more Twitter users after U.S. court ruling|date=August 29, 2018|first=David|last=Shepardson}}</ref> The ruling was upheld on appeal.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Charlie|last=Savage|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/politics/trump-twitter-first-amendment.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Trump Can't Block Critics From His Twitter Account, Appeals Court Rules|date=July 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Katelyn |last=Polantz |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/23/politics/trump-twitter-block/index.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Appeals court won't revisit ruling saying Trump can't block Twitter users |work=CNN |date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Twitter activity of Donald Trump.png|thumb|Twitter activity of Donald Trump from his first tweet in May 2009 to September 2017. Retweets are not included.]] | [[File:Twitter activity of Donald Trump.png|thumb|Twitter activity of Donald Trump from his first tweet in May 2009 to September 2017. Retweets are not included.]] | ||
His tweets have been reported as ill-considered, impulsive, vengeful, and [[bullying]], often being made late at night or in the early hours of the morning.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last=Ott|first=Brian L.|date=January 1, 2017|title=The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement |journal=Critical Studies in Media Communication|volume=34|issue=1|pages=59–68|doi=10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686 |s2cid=152133074|issn=1529-5036}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/us/politics/freedom-caucus-donald-trump.html|title='We Must Fight Them': Trump Goes After Conservatives of Freedom Caucus|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan|date=March 30, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/3/30/15114408/trump-tweets-freedom-caucus-new-york-times |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Were those Trump tweets impulsive or strategic? The latest in a continuing series.|access-date=April 30, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|last1=Prokop|first1=Andrew|last2=Beauchamp|first2=Zack}}</ref> His tweets about a Muslim ban were successfully turned against his administration to halt two versions of travel restrictions from some Muslim-majority countries.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.wired.com/2017/03/blocked-immigration-ban-proves-trumps-tweets-will-haunt-presidency/ |date=March 15, 2017 |title=A court just blocked Trump's second immigration ban, proving his tweets will haunt his presidency|first=Issie|last=Lapowsky|magazine=Wired|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> He has used Twitter to threaten and intimidate his political opponents and potential political allies needed to pass bills.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Trump Used Twitter to Praise and Blame Congress, Yet the Hill Agreed With Him Most of the Time|url=https://www.rollcall.com/2017/12/18/trump-used-twitter-to-praise-and-blame-congress-yet-the-hill-agreed-with-him-most-of-the-time/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |last=McMinn|first=Sean|date=December 18, 2017|website=Roll Call}}</ref> Many tweets appear to be based on stories Trump has seen in the media, including far-right news websites such as [[Breitbart News|Breitbart]] and television shows such as ''Fox & Friends''.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=June 4, 2018|title=A Trump tweet echoed RT and Breitbart criticisms of the FBI's Russia distraction|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/2/20/17029860/trump-rt-breitbart-fbi-russia |date=February 20, 2018 |first=Ricky |last=Zipp |newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=June 4, 2018|title=Trump's Fox News Addiction Is Even Worse Than We Knew|url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a20681265/trump-fox-news-sean-hannity/ |first=Jack |last=Holmes |newspaper=Esquire|date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> | His tweets have been reported as ill-considered, impulsive, vengeful, and [[bullying]], often being made late at night or in the early hours of the morning.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last=Ott|first=Brian L.|date=January 1, 2017|title=The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement |journal=Critical Studies in Media Communication|volume=34|issue=1|pages=59–68|doi=10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686 |s2cid=152133074|issn=1529-5036}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/us/politics/freedom-caucus-donald-trump.html|title='We Must Fight Them': Trump Goes After Conservatives of Freedom Caucus|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan|date=March 30, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/3/30/15114408/trump-tweets-freedom-caucus-new-york-times |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Were those Trump tweets impulsive or strategic? The latest in a continuing series.|access-date=April 30, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|last1=Prokop|first1=Andrew|last2=Beauchamp|first2=Zack}}</ref> His tweets about a Muslim ban were successfully turned against his administration to halt two versions of travel restrictions from some Muslim-majority countries.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.wired.com/2017/03/blocked-immigration-ban-proves-trumps-tweets-will-haunt-presidency/ |date=March 15, 2017 |title=A court just blocked Trump's second immigration ban, proving his tweets will haunt his presidency|first=Issie|last=Lapowsky|magazine=Wired|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> He has used Twitter to threaten and intimidate his political opponents and potential political allies needed to pass bills.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Trump Used Twitter to Praise and Blame Congress, Yet the Hill Agreed With Him Most of the Time|url=https://www.rollcall.com/2017/12/18/trump-used-twitter-to-praise-and-blame-congress-yet-the-hill-agreed-with-him-most-of-the-time/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |last=McMinn|first=Sean|date=December 18, 2017|website=Roll Call}}</ref> Many tweets appear to be based on stories Trump has seen in the media, including far-right news websites such as [[Breitbart News|Breitbart]] and television shows such as ''Fox & Friends''.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=June 4, 2018|title=A Trump tweet echoed RT and Breitbart criticisms of the FBI's Russia distraction|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/2/20/17029860/trump-rt-breitbart-fbi-russia |date=February 20, 2018 |first=Ricky |last=Zipp |newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=June 4, 2018|title=Trump's Fox News Addiction Is Even Worse Than We Knew|url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a20681265/trump-fox-news-sean-hannity/ |first=Jack |last=Holmes |newspaper=Esquire|date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Trump used Twitter to attack [[United States federal judge|federal judges]] who ruled against him in court cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Kristine |last=Phillips |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/04/26/all-the-times-trump-personally-attacked-judges-and-why-his-tirades-are-worse-than-wrong/ |title=All the times Trump personally attacked judges{{snd}}and why his tirades are 'worse than wrong' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103144335/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/04/26/all-the-times-trump-personally-attacked-judges-and-why-his-tirades-are-worse-than-wrong/ |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 26, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=November 11, 2021}}</ref> and to criticize officials within his own administration, including then-[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]], then-[[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[H. R. McMaster]], [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]], and, at various times, Attorney General Jeff Sessions.<ref name="Lee-2016">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/28/upshot/donald-trump-twitter-insults.html|title=The 459 People, Places and Things Donald Trump Has Insulted on Twitter: A Complete List|last=Lee|first=Jasmine C.|date=2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 14, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Tillerson was eventually fired via a tweet by Trump.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Singletary|first=Michelle|title=Trump dumped Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in a tweet. What's the worst way you've been fired?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/03/15/trump-dumped-secretary-of-state-rex-tillerson-in-a-tweet-whats-the-worst-way-youve-been-fired/ |date=March 15, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump also tweeted that his [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] is part of the [[Deep state in the United States|American "deep state"]];<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump again at war with 'deep state' Justice Department|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/02/politics/president-donald-trump-deep-state/index.html |date=January 2, 2018 |first1=Stephen |last1=Collinson |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |newspaper= | Trump used Twitter to attack [[United States federal judge|federal judges]] who ruled against him in court cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Kristine |last=Phillips |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/04/26/all-the-times-trump-personally-attacked-judges-and-why-his-tirades-are-worse-than-wrong/ |title=All the times Trump personally attacked judges{{snd}}and why his tirades are 'worse than wrong' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103144335/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/04/26/all-the-times-trump-personally-attacked-judges-and-why-his-tirades-are-worse-than-wrong/ |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 26, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=November 11, 2021}}</ref> and to criticize officials within his own administration, including then-[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]], then-[[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[H. R. McMaster]], [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]], and, at various times, Attorney General Jeff Sessions.<ref name="Lee-2016">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/28/upshot/donald-trump-twitter-insults.html|title=The 459 People, Places and Things Donald Trump Has Insulted on Twitter: A Complete List|last=Lee|first=Jasmine C.|date=2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 14, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Tillerson was eventually fired via a tweet by Trump.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Singletary|first=Michelle|title=Trump dumped Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in a tweet. What's the worst way you've been fired?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/03/15/trump-dumped-secretary-of-state-rex-tillerson-in-a-tweet-whats-the-worst-way-youve-been-fired/ |date=March 15, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump also tweeted that his [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] is part of the [[Deep state in the United States|American "deep state"]];<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump again at war with 'deep state' Justice Department|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/02/politics/president-donald-trump-deep-state/index.html |date=January 2, 2018 |first1=Stephen |last1=Collinson |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |newspaper=CNN|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> that "there was tremendous leaking, lying and corruption at the highest levels of the FBI, Justice & [[United States Department of State|State]]" [[United States federal executive departments|Departments]];<ref name="Lee-2016" /> and that the [[Mueller special counsel investigation|special counsel investigation]] is a "[[Witch hunt|WITCH HUNT]]!"<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Griffiths|first=Brent|title=Trump slams Comey, mentions Mueller for first time in tweet|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/17/trump-james-comey-andrew-mccabe-fbi-469008 |date=March 17, 2018 |work=[[Politico]]|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, Trump used Twitter to write that Attorney General Jeff Sessions "should stop" the special counsel investigation immediately; he also referred to it as "rigged" and its investigators as biased.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia/trump-says-attorney-general-should-stop-mueller-probe-right-now-idUSKBN1KM539| title=Trump says attorney general should stop Mueller probe 'right now'| work=[[Reuters]]| date=August 1, 2018| access-date=August 1, 2018| first=Doina| last=Chiacu}}</ref> | ||
{{Tweet|name=Twitter Safety|username=TwitterSafety|date=January 8, 2021|text=After close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account and the context around them we have permanently suspended the account due to the risk of further incitement of violence.|ID=1347684877634838528 }} In February 2020, Trump tweeted criticism of the prosecutors' proposed sentence for Trump's former aide [[Roger Stone]]. A few hours later, the Justice Department replaced the prosecutors' proposed sentence with a lighter proposal. This gave the appearance of presidential interference in a criminal case and caused a strong negative reaction. All four of the original prosecutors withdrew from the case; more than a thousand former Department of Justice lawyers signed a letter condemning the action.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Benner|first=Katie|date=February 16, 2020|title=Former Justice Dept. Lawyers Press for Barr to Step Down|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/16/us/politics/barr-trump-justice-department.html|access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Wise|first=Justin|date=February 17, 2020|title=Judges' association calls emergency meeting in wake of Stone sentencing reversal|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/483398-judges-association-calls-emergency-meeting-in-wake-of-roger-stone|access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> On July 10, Trump commuted the sentence of Stone days before he was due to report to prison.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Baker|first=Peter|title=In Commuting Stone's Sentence, Trump Goes Where Nixon Would Not|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/11/us/politics/trump-roger-stone-nixon.html|access-date=July 17, 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 11, 2020}}</ref> | {{Tweet|name=Twitter Safety|username=TwitterSafety|date=January 8, 2021|text=After close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account and the context around them we have permanently suspended the account due to the risk of further incitement of violence.|ID=1347684877634838528 }} In February 2020, Trump tweeted criticism of the prosecutors' proposed sentence for Trump's former aide [[Roger Stone]]. A few hours later, the Justice Department replaced the prosecutors' proposed sentence with a lighter proposal. This gave the appearance of presidential interference in a criminal case and caused a strong negative reaction. All four of the original prosecutors withdrew from the case; more than a thousand former Department of Justice lawyers signed a letter condemning the action.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Benner|first=Katie|date=February 16, 2020|title=Former Justice Dept. Lawyers Press for Barr to Step Down|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/16/us/politics/barr-trump-justice-department.html|access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Wise|first=Justin|date=February 17, 2020|title=Judges' association calls emergency meeting in wake of Stone sentencing reversal|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/483398-judges-association-calls-emergency-meeting-in-wake-of-roger-stone|access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> On July 10, Trump commuted the sentence of Stone days before he was due to report to prison.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Baker|first=Peter|title=In Commuting Stone's Sentence, Trump Goes Where Nixon Would Not|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/11/us/politics/trump-roger-stone-nixon.html|access-date=July 17, 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 11, 2020}}</ref> | ||
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In response to the mid-2020 [[George Floyd protests]], some of which resulted in looting,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Calamur|first1=Krishnadev|last2=Rascoe|first2=Ayesha|last3=Wise|first3=Alana|date=May 29, 2020|title=Trump Says He Spoke With Floyd's Family, Understands Hurt And Pain Of Community|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/29/864722348/twitter-hides-trumps-tweet-on-minneapolis-saying-it-glorifies-violence|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump tweeted on May 25 that "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Not long after, Twitter restricted the tweet for violating the company's policy on promoting violence.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Porter|first=Jon|date=May 29, 2020|title=Twitter restricts new Trump tweet for 'glorifying violence'|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/29/21274323/trump-twitter-glorifying-violence-minneapolis-shooting-looting-notice-restriction|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=The Verge}}</ref> On May 28, Trump signed an executive order which sought to limit legal protections of social media companies.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=May 28, 2020|title=Stung By Twitter, Trump Signs Executive Order To Weaken Social Media Companies|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863932758/stung-by-twitter-trump-signs-executive-order-to-weaken-social-media-companies|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> | In response to the mid-2020 [[George Floyd protests]], some of which resulted in looting,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Calamur|first1=Krishnadev|last2=Rascoe|first2=Ayesha|last3=Wise|first3=Alana|date=May 29, 2020|title=Trump Says He Spoke With Floyd's Family, Understands Hurt And Pain Of Community|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/29/864722348/twitter-hides-trumps-tweet-on-minneapolis-saying-it-glorifies-violence|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump tweeted on May 25 that "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Not long after, Twitter restricted the tweet for violating the company's policy on promoting violence.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Porter|first=Jon|date=May 29, 2020|title=Twitter restricts new Trump tweet for 'glorifying violence'|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/29/21274323/trump-twitter-glorifying-violence-minneapolis-shooting-looting-notice-restriction|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=The Verge}}</ref> On May 28, Trump signed an executive order which sought to limit legal protections of social media companies.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=May 28, 2020|title=Stung By Twitter, Trump Signs Executive Order To Weaken Social Media Companies|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863932758/stung-by-twitter-trump-signs-executive-order-to-weaken-social-media-companies|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> | ||
On January 8, 2021, Twitter announced that they had permanently suspended Trump's personal account "due to the risk of further [[incitement]] of violence" following the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|Capitol attack]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=January 8, 2020|title=Permanent suspension of @realDonaldTrump|url=https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension.html|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=Twitter}}</ref> Trump announced in his final tweet before the suspension that he would not attend the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/08/tech/trump-twitter-ban/index.html|title=Twitter bans President Trump permanently|first=Brian|last=Fung|work= | On January 8, 2021, Twitter announced that they had permanently suspended Trump's personal account "due to the risk of further [[incitement]] of violence" following the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|Capitol attack]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=January 8, 2020|title=Permanent suspension of @realDonaldTrump|url=https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension.html|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=Twitter}}</ref> Trump announced in his final tweet before the suspension that he would not attend the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/08/tech/trump-twitter-ban/index.html|title=Twitter bans President Trump permanently|first=Brian|last=Fung|work=CNN|date=January 8, 2021|access-date=January 9, 2021}}</ref> Other social media platforms like [[Facebook]], [[Snapchat]], [[YouTube]] and others also suspended the official handles of Donald Trump.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/13/youtube-suspends-trump-channel-from-uploading-new-content-for-seven-days|title=YouTube suspends Trump channel from uploading new content for seven days|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=January 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.vox.com/2021/1/10/22223356/every-platform-that-banned-trump-twitter-facebook-snapchat-twitch |first=Cameron |last=Peters |date=January 10, 2021 |title=Every online platform that has cracked down on Trump|access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> | ||
== Domestic affairs == | == Domestic affairs == | ||
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==== Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria ==== | ==== Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria ==== | ||
{{Main|Hurricane Harvey|Hurricane Irma|Hurricane Maria}} | {{Main|Hurricane Harvey|Hurricane Irma|Hurricane Maria}} | ||
Three hurricanes hit the U.S. in August and September 2017: [[Hurricane Harvey|Harvey]] in southeastern Texas, [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]] on the Florida Gulf coast, and [[Hurricane Maria|Maria]] in Puerto Rico. Trump signed into law $15{{spaces}}billion in relief for Harvey and Irma, and later $18.67{{spaces}}billion for all three.<ref name="Greer-2019">{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Greer |first1=Scott L. |last2=Creary |first2=Melissa S. |last3=Singer |first3=Phillip M. |last4=Willison |first4=Charley E. |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Quantifying inequities in US federal response to hurricane disaster in Texas and Florida compared with Puerto Rico |journal=BMJ Global Health |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=e001191 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001191 |pmid=30775009 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=6350743}}</ref> The administration came under criticism for its delayed response to the humanitarian crisis on Puerto Rico.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-visit-hurricane-ravaged-puerto-rico-amid-criticism/story?id=50101038 |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Adam |last2=Kelsey |title=Trump to visit hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico, says he is 'very proud' of response |date=September 27, 2017 |work=ABC News |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> Politicians of both parties had called for immediate aid for Puerto Rico, and criticized Trump for focusing on a feud with the [[National Football League]] instead.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/26/politics/trump-puerto-rico-response/index.html |date=September 26, 2017 |title=Trump ramps up Puerto Rico response amid criticism |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |work= | Three hurricanes hit the U.S. in August and September 2017: [[Hurricane Harvey|Harvey]] in southeastern Texas, [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]] on the Florida Gulf coast, and [[Hurricane Maria|Maria]] in Puerto Rico. Trump signed into law $15{{spaces}}billion in relief for Harvey and Irma, and later $18.67{{spaces}}billion for all three.<ref name="Greer-2019">{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Greer |first1=Scott L. |last2=Creary |first2=Melissa S. |last3=Singer |first3=Phillip M. |last4=Willison |first4=Charley E. |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Quantifying inequities in US federal response to hurricane disaster in Texas and Florida compared with Puerto Rico |journal=BMJ Global Health |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=e001191 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001191 |pmid=30775009 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=6350743}}</ref> The administration came under criticism for its delayed response to the humanitarian crisis on Puerto Rico.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-visit-hurricane-ravaged-puerto-rico-amid-criticism/story?id=50101038 |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Adam |last2=Kelsey |title=Trump to visit hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico, says he is 'very proud' of response |date=September 27, 2017 |work=ABC News |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> Politicians of both parties had called for immediate aid for Puerto Rico, and criticized Trump for focusing on a feud with the [[National Football League]] instead.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/26/politics/trump-puerto-rico-response/index.html |date=September 26, 2017 |title=Trump ramps up Puerto Rico response amid criticism |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |work=CNN |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> Trump did not comment on Puerto Rico for several days while the crisis was unfolding.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-puerto-rico-atlantic-ocean-2017-9 |first=Allan |last=Smith |date=September 26, 2017 |title=Trump addresses criticism over Puerto Rico disaster response: 'It's out in the ocean – you can't just drive your trucks there' |website=Business Insider|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> According to ''The Washington Post'', the White House did not feel a sense of urgency until "images of the utter destruction and desperation{{snd}}and criticism of the administration's response{{snd}}began to appear on television."<ref name="Phillip-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/lost-weekend-how-trumps-time-at-his-golf-club-hurt-the-response-to-maria/2017/09/29/ce92ed0a-a522-11e7-8c37-e1d99ad6aa22_story.html |title=Lost weekend: How Trump's time at his golf club hurt the response to Maria |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Abby |last1=Phillip |first2=Ed |last2=O'Keefe |first3=Nick |last3=Miroff |first4=Damian |last4=Paletta |date=September 29, 2017 |access-date=September 30, 2017}}</ref> Trump dismissed the criticism, saying distribution of necessary supplies was "doing well". ''The Washington Post'' noted, "on the ground in Puerto Rico, nothing could be further from the truth."<ref name="Phillip-2017" /> Trump cited Puerto Rico’s remote location as an impediment to providing prompt relief, saying "This is an island surrounded by water. Big water. Ocean water."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fabian |first1=Jordan |title=Trump says Puerto Rico relief hampered by ‘big water, ocean water’ |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/353094-trump-says-puerto-rico-relief-hampered-by-big-water-ocean-water/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=The HIll |date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> Trump also criticized Puerto Rico officials.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/30/us/puerto-rico-hurricane-recovery/index.html |first1=Jason |last1=Hanna |first2=Madison |last2=Park |date=October 1, 2017 |title=Puerto Rico: Mayor pleads for better response; Trump hits back|access-date=September 30, 2017 |work=CNN}}</ref> A ''BMJ'' analysis found the federal government responded much more quickly and on a larger scale to the hurricane in Texas and Florida than in Puerto Rico, despite the fact that the hurricane in Puerto Rico was more severe.<ref name="Greer-2019" /> A 2021 HUD Inspector General investigation found that the Trump administration erected bureaucratic hurdles which stalled approximately $20 billion in hurricane relief for Puerto Rico.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Jan |first1=Tracy |last2=Rein |first2=Lisa |title=Investigation suppressed by Trump administration reveals obstacles to hurricane aid for Puerto Rico |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/04/22/puerto-rico-hurricane-trump-hud/ |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=April 22, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241026155343/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/04/22/puerto-rico-hurricane-trump-hud/ |archive-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> | ||
At the time of FEMA's departure from Puerto Rico, one third of Puerto Rico residents still lacked electricity and some places lacked running water.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/29/581511023/fema-to-end-food-and-water-aid-for-puerto-rico |date=January 29, 2018 |first=Adrian |last=Florido |title=FEMA To End Food And Water Aid For Puerto Rico |work=[[NPR]] |access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> A ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]'' study estimated the number of hurricane-related deaths during the period September 20 to December 31, 2017, to be around 4,600 (range 793–8,498)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last=Kishore|first=Nishant|display-authors=etal|date=May 29, 2018|title=Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria|journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=379 |issue=2 |pages=162–170 |doi=10.1056/nejmsa1803972 |pmid=29809109 |s2cid=44155986 |issn=0028-4793 |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37309252 |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> The official death rate due to Maria reported by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is 2,975; the figure was based on an independent investigation by [[George Washington University]] commissioned by the governor of Puerto Rico.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45338080 |title=Puerto Rico hurricane death toll jumps |date=August 29, 2018|work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely claimed the official death rate was wrong, and said the Democrats were trying to make him "look as bad as possible".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/13/politics/trump-puerto-rico-death-toll/index.html|title=Trump falsely claims nearly 3,000 Americans in Puerto Rico 'did not die' |first1=Betsy |last1=Klein |first2=Maegan |last2=Vazquez |website= | At the time of FEMA's departure from Puerto Rico, one third of Puerto Rico residents still lacked electricity and some places lacked running water.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/29/581511023/fema-to-end-food-and-water-aid-for-puerto-rico |date=January 29, 2018 |first=Adrian |last=Florido |title=FEMA To End Food And Water Aid For Puerto Rico |work=[[NPR]] |access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> A ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]'' study estimated the number of hurricane-related deaths during the period September 20 to December 31, 2017, to be around 4,600 (range 793–8,498)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last=Kishore|first=Nishant|display-authors=etal|date=May 29, 2018|title=Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria|journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=379 |issue=2 |pages=162–170 |doi=10.1056/nejmsa1803972 |pmid=29809109 |s2cid=44155986 |issn=0028-4793 |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37309252 |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> The official death rate due to Maria reported by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is 2,975; the figure was based on an independent investigation by [[George Washington University]] commissioned by the governor of Puerto Rico.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45338080 |title=Puerto Rico hurricane death toll jumps |date=August 29, 2018|work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely claimed the official death rate was wrong, and said the Democrats were trying to make him "look as bad as possible".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/13/politics/trump-puerto-rico-death-toll/index.html|title=Trump falsely claims nearly 3,000 Americans in Puerto Rico 'did not die' |first1=Betsy |last1=Klein |first2=Maegan |last2=Vazquez |website=CNN |date=September 13, 2018|access-date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Puerto Rico Governor [[Ricardo Rosselló]] wrote that as he and Trump were in a helicopter surveying damage from the hurricane, Trump said, "Nature has a way of coming back. Well, it does until it does not. Who knows with nuclear warfare what will happen. But I tell you what. If nuclear war happens, we won't be second in line pressing the button."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |title=Book recalls Trump’s quip on pressing nuclear button: US ‘won’t be second’ |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/4730282-trump-nuclear-button-ricardo-rossello-book/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=The Hill |date=June 20, 2024}}</ref> Axios reported that Trump suggested that they explore the possibility of bombing and nuking hurricanes to stop their arrival, that these suggestions were recorded in National Security Council memos, that Trump denied making the suggestions, and that a senior official defended Trump's suggestion by saying, "It takes strong people to respond to him in the right way when stuff like this comes up."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Jonathan |last2=Talev |first2=Margaret |title=Scoop: Trump suggested nuking hurricanes to stop them from hitting U.S. |url=https://www.axios.com/2019/08/25/trump-nuclear-bombs-hurricanes |work=Axios |date=August 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Ryan W. |title=You can't nuke a hurricane to stop it, as Trump reportedly suggested. Here's why |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2019/08/26/nuke-hurricane-why-donald-trumps-reported-idea-wouldnt-work/2118430001/ |work=USA Today |date=August 26, 2019}}</ref> | Puerto Rico Governor [[Ricardo Rosselló]] wrote that as he and Trump were in a helicopter surveying damage from the hurricane, Trump said, "Nature has a way of coming back. Well, it does until it does not. Who knows with nuclear warfare what will happen. But I tell you what. If nuclear war happens, we won't be second in line pressing the button."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |title=Book recalls Trump’s quip on pressing nuclear button: US ‘won’t be second’ |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/4730282-trump-nuclear-button-ricardo-rossello-book/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=The Hill |date=June 20, 2024}}</ref> Axios reported that Trump suggested that they explore the possibility of bombing and nuking hurricanes to stop their arrival, that these suggestions were recorded in National Security Council memos, that Trump denied making the suggestions, and that a senior official defended Trump's suggestion by saying, "It takes strong people to respond to him in the right way when stuff like this comes up."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Jonathan |last2=Talev |first2=Margaret |title=Scoop: Trump suggested nuking hurricanes to stop them from hitting U.S. |url=https://www.axios.com/2019/08/25/trump-nuclear-bombs-hurricanes |work=Axios |date=August 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Ryan W. |title=You can't nuke a hurricane to stop it, as Trump reportedly suggested. Here's why |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2019/08/26/nuke-hurricane-why-donald-trumps-reported-idea-wouldnt-work/2118430001/ |work=USA Today |date=August 26, 2019}}</ref> | ||
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Trump misleadingly blamed the [[2018 California wildfires|destructive wildfires in 2018 in California]], on "gross" and "poor" "mismanagement" of forests by California, saying there was no other reason for these wildfires. The fires in question were not "forest fires"; most of the forest was owned by federal agencies; and [[climate change]] in part contributed to the fires.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/fact-check-trump-california-fire-tweet.html|title=Trump's Misleading Claims About California's Fire 'Mismanagement'|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|department=Fact Check|first=Kendra|last=Pierre-Louis|date=November 12, 2018|access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref> Trump mentioned Finland as a model, saying, "they spend a lot of time on raking and cleaning and doing things, and they don't have any problem. And when it is, it is a very small problem. So I know everybody is looking at that—to that end. And it's going to work out. It's going to work out well."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hannon |first1=Elliot |title=During Wildfire Tour, Trump Suggests Doing More Raking Like Finland Could Prevent California Wildfires |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/11/during-wildfire-tour-trump-suggests-doing-more-raking-like-finland-could-prevent-california-wildfires.html |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=Slate |date=November 17, 2018}}</ref> | Trump misleadingly blamed the [[2018 California wildfires|destructive wildfires in 2018 in California]], on "gross" and "poor" "mismanagement" of forests by California, saying there was no other reason for these wildfires. The fires in question were not "forest fires"; most of the forest was owned by federal agencies; and [[climate change]] in part contributed to the fires.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/fact-check-trump-california-fire-tweet.html|title=Trump's Misleading Claims About California's Fire 'Mismanagement'|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|department=Fact Check|first=Kendra|last=Pierre-Louis|date=November 12, 2018|access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref> Trump mentioned Finland as a model, saying, "they spend a lot of time on raking and cleaning and doing things, and they don't have any problem. And when it is, it is a very small problem. So I know everybody is looking at that—to that end. And it's going to work out. It's going to work out well."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hannon |first1=Elliot |title=During Wildfire Tour, Trump Suggests Doing More Raking Like Finland Could Prevent California Wildfires |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/11/during-wildfire-tour-trump-suggests-doing-more-raking-like-finland-could-prevent-california-wildfires.html |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=Slate |date=November 17, 2018}}</ref> | ||
In September 2020, [[2020 California wildfires|California's worst wildfires in history]] prompted Trump to visit the state. In a briefing to state officials, Trump said that federal assistance was necessary, and again baselessly asserted that [[Deforestation in the United States|the lack of forestry]], not climate change, is the underlying cause of the fires.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/14/politics/donald-trump-wildfires-briefing-climate-change/index.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump baselessly questions climate science during California wildfire briefing|first=Maegan|last=Vazquez |work= | In September 2020, [[2020 California wildfires|California's worst wildfires in history]] prompted Trump to visit the state. In a briefing to state officials, Trump said that federal assistance was necessary, and again baselessly asserted that [[Deforestation in the United States|the lack of forestry]], not climate change, is the underlying cause of the fires.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/14/politics/donald-trump-wildfires-briefing-climate-change/index.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump baselessly questions climate science during California wildfire briefing|first=Maegan|last=Vazquez |work=CNN|date=September 14, 2020}}</ref> | ||
=== Economy === | === Economy === | ||
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The administration proposed changes to the [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program]] (food stamps), which if implemented would lead millions to lose access to food stamps and limit the amount of benefits for remaining recipients.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump's proposed SNAP changes could mean millions lose food stamp access|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-administration-proposal-could-cause-millions-lose-food-stamps-n1092866 |first=Phil |last=McCausland |date=November 30, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref> | The administration proposed changes to the [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program]] (food stamps), which if implemented would lead millions to lose access to food stamps and limit the amount of benefits for remaining recipients.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump's proposed SNAP changes could mean millions lose food stamp access|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-administration-proposal-could-cause-millions-lose-food-stamps-n1092866 |first=Phil |last=McCausland |date=November 30, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref> | ||
During his tenure, Trump repeatedly sought to intervene in the economy to affect specific companies and industries.<ref name="Mufson-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/from-electricity-to-steel-trump-becoming-increasingly-active-in-trying-to-shape-the-economy/2018/06/01/c1a0692c-65b3-11e8-a69c-b944de66d9e7_story.html|title=Breaking from GOP orthodoxy, Trump increasingly deciding winners and losers in the economy|last1=Mufson|first1=Steven|last2=Lynch|first2=David J.|date=June 1, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 2, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Trump sought to compel power grid operators to buy coal and nuclear energy, and sought tariffs on metals to protect domestic metal producers.<ref name="Mufson-2018" /> Trump also publicly attacked [[Boeing]] and [[Lockheed Martin]], sending their stocks tumbling.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/lockheed-martin-shares-take-another-tumble-after-trump-tweet.html|title=Lockheed Martin shares take another tumble after Trump tweet|last=Wang|first=Christine|date=December 23, 2016|work=[[CNBC]]|access-date=June 2, 2018}}</ref> Trump repeatedly singled out [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] for criticism and advocated steps that would harm the company, such as ending an arrangement between Amazon and the [[United States Postal Service]] (USPS) and raising taxes on Amazon.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/31/politics/donald-trump-attacks-amazon-washington-post/index.html |date=April 1, 2018 |title=Trump keeps up attacks on Amazon, WaPo |first=Veronica |last=Stracqualursi |work= | During his tenure, Trump repeatedly sought to intervene in the economy to affect specific companies and industries.<ref name="Mufson-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/from-electricity-to-steel-trump-becoming-increasingly-active-in-trying-to-shape-the-economy/2018/06/01/c1a0692c-65b3-11e8-a69c-b944de66d9e7_story.html|title=Breaking from GOP orthodoxy, Trump increasingly deciding winners and losers in the economy|last1=Mufson|first1=Steven|last2=Lynch|first2=David J.|date=June 1, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 2, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Trump sought to compel power grid operators to buy coal and nuclear energy, and sought tariffs on metals to protect domestic metal producers.<ref name="Mufson-2018" /> Trump also publicly attacked [[Boeing]] and [[Lockheed Martin]], sending their stocks tumbling.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/lockheed-martin-shares-take-another-tumble-after-trump-tweet.html|title=Lockheed Martin shares take another tumble after Trump tweet|last=Wang|first=Christine|date=December 23, 2016|work=[[CNBC]]|access-date=June 2, 2018}}</ref> Trump repeatedly singled out [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] for criticism and advocated steps that would harm the company, such as ending an arrangement between Amazon and the [[United States Postal Service]] (USPS) and raising taxes on Amazon.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/31/politics/donald-trump-attacks-amazon-washington-post/index.html |date=April 1, 2018 |title=Trump keeps up attacks on Amazon, WaPo |first=Veronica |last=Stracqualursi |work=CNN |access-date=June 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Rein|first1=Lisa|last2=Bogage|first2=Jacob|date=April 24, 2020|title=Trump says he will block coronavirus aid for U.S. Postal Service if it doesn't hike prices immediately|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2020/04/24/trump-postal-service-loan-treasury/|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> Trump expressed opposition to the merger between [[Time Warner]] (the parent company of CNN) and [[AT&T]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-time-warner-m-a-at-t/att-wins-court-approval-to-buy-time-warner-over-trump-opposition-idUSKBN1J82QX |date=June 12, 2018 |title=AT&T wins court approval to buy Time Warner over Trump opposition|last=Bartz|first=Diane|work=U.S.|access-date=July 15, 2018}}</ref> | ||
The Trump campaign ran on a policy of reducing America's trade deficit, particularly with China.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Navarro|first1=Peter|last2=Ross|first2=Wilbur|date=September 29, 2016|title=Scoring the Trump Economic Plan: Trade, Regulatory, & Energy Policy Impacts|url=https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Trump_Economic_Plan.pdf|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025404/https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Trump_Economic_Plan.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> The overall trade deficit increased during Trump's presidency.<ref>{{cite web |last = Scott |first = Robert E. |url = https://www.epi.org/blog/record-u-s-trade-deficit-in-2018-reflects-failure-of-trumps-trade-policies/ |title = Record U.S. trade deficit in 2018 reflects failure of Trump's trade policies |publisher = [[Economic Policy Institute]] |date = March 7, 2019 |accessdate = November 27, 2022 |archive-date = November 27, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221127051350/https://www.epi.org/blog/record-u-s-trade-deficit-in-2018-reflects-failure-of-trumps-trade-policies/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The goods deficit with China reached a record high for the second consecutive year in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=As trade deficit explodes, Trump finds he can't escape the laws of economics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-promised-to-shrink-the-trade-deficit-instead-it-exploded/2019/03/05/35d3b1e0-3f8f-11e9-a0d3-1210e58a94cf_story.html |date=March 6, 2019 |first=David J. |last=Lynch |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> | The Trump campaign ran on a policy of reducing America's trade deficit, particularly with China.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Navarro|first1=Peter|last2=Ross|first2=Wilbur|date=September 29, 2016|title=Scoring the Trump Economic Plan: Trade, Regulatory, & Energy Policy Impacts|url=https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Trump_Economic_Plan.pdf|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025404/https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Trump_Economic_Plan.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> The overall trade deficit increased during Trump's presidency.<ref>{{cite web |last = Scott |first = Robert E. |url = https://www.epi.org/blog/record-u-s-trade-deficit-in-2018-reflects-failure-of-trumps-trade-policies/ |title = Record U.S. trade deficit in 2018 reflects failure of Trump's trade policies |publisher = [[Economic Policy Institute]] |date = March 7, 2019 |accessdate = November 27, 2022 |archive-date = November 27, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221127051350/https://www.epi.org/blog/record-u-s-trade-deficit-in-2018-reflects-failure-of-trumps-trade-policies/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The goods deficit with China reached a record high for the second consecutive year in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=As trade deficit explodes, Trump finds he can't escape the laws of economics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-promised-to-shrink-the-trade-deficit-instead-it-exploded/2019/03/05/35d3b1e0-3f8f-11e9-a0d3-1210e58a94cf_story.html |date=March 6, 2019 |first=David J. |last=Lynch |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> | ||
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Analyses of EPA enforcement data showed that the Trump administration brought fewer cases against polluters, sought a lower total of civil penalties and made fewer requests of companies to retrofit facilities to curb pollution than the Obama and Bush administrations. According to ''The New York Times'', "confidential internal E.P.A. documents show that the enforcement slowdown coincides with major policy changes ordered by Mr. Pruitt's team after pleas from oil and gas industry executives."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/10/us/politics/pollution-epa-regulations.html|title=Under Trump, E.P.A. Has Slowed Actions Against Polluters, and Put Limits on Enforcement Officers|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Ivory|first2=Danielle|date=December 10, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 11, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2018, the administration referred the lowest number of pollution cases for criminal prosecution in 30 years.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://apnews.com/d72a4d3dfb584d15949c88917b48ddf9|title=EPA criminal action against polluters hits 30-year low|last=Knickmeyer|first=Ellen|date=January 15, 2019|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> Two years into Trump's presidency, ''The New York Times'' wrote he had "unleashed a regulatory rollback, lobbied for and cheered on by industry, with little parallel in the past half-century".<ref name="Lipton-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/26/us/politics/donald-trump-environmental-regulation.html|title=President Trump's Retreat on the Environment Is Affecting Communities Across America|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Eder|first2=Steve|last3=Branch|first3=John|date=December 26, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 27, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In June 2018, [[David Cutler]] and [[Francesca Dominici]] of [[Harvard University]] estimated conservatively that the Trump administration's modifications to environmental rules could result in more than 80,000 additional U.S. deaths and widespread respiratory ailments.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Cutler|first1=David|author1-link=David Cutler|last2=Dominici|first2=Francesca|author2-link=Francesca Dominici|date=June 12, 2018|title=A Breath of Bad Air: Cost of the Trump Environmental Agenda May Lead to 80 000 Extra Deaths per Decade|journal=JAMA|volume=319|issue=22|pages=2261–2262|doi=10.1001/jama.2018.7351|issn=0098-7484|pmid=29896617|doi-access=free}}</ref> In August 2018, the administration's own analysis showed that loosening coal plant rules could cause up to 1,400 premature deaths and 15,000 new cases of respiratory problems.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/climate/epa-coal-pollution-deaths.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Lisa |last=Friedman|date=August 21, 2018 |title=Cost of New E.P.A. Coal Rules: Up to 1,400 More Deaths a Year |access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> From 2016 to 2018, air pollution increased by 5.5%, reversing a seven-year trend where air pollution had declined by 25%.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/24/climate/air-pollution-increase.html|title=America's Air Quality Worsens, Ending Years of Gains, Study Says|last=Popovich|first=Nadja|date=October 24, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 30, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | Analyses of EPA enforcement data showed that the Trump administration brought fewer cases against polluters, sought a lower total of civil penalties and made fewer requests of companies to retrofit facilities to curb pollution than the Obama and Bush administrations. According to ''The New York Times'', "confidential internal E.P.A. documents show that the enforcement slowdown coincides with major policy changes ordered by Mr. Pruitt's team after pleas from oil and gas industry executives."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/10/us/politics/pollution-epa-regulations.html|title=Under Trump, E.P.A. Has Slowed Actions Against Polluters, and Put Limits on Enforcement Officers|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Ivory|first2=Danielle|date=December 10, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 11, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2018, the administration referred the lowest number of pollution cases for criminal prosecution in 30 years.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://apnews.com/d72a4d3dfb584d15949c88917b48ddf9|title=EPA criminal action against polluters hits 30-year low|last=Knickmeyer|first=Ellen|date=January 15, 2019|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> Two years into Trump's presidency, ''The New York Times'' wrote he had "unleashed a regulatory rollback, lobbied for and cheered on by industry, with little parallel in the past half-century".<ref name="Lipton-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/26/us/politics/donald-trump-environmental-regulation.html|title=President Trump's Retreat on the Environment Is Affecting Communities Across America|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Eder|first2=Steve|last3=Branch|first3=John|date=December 26, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 27, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In June 2018, [[David Cutler]] and [[Francesca Dominici]] of [[Harvard University]] estimated conservatively that the Trump administration's modifications to environmental rules could result in more than 80,000 additional U.S. deaths and widespread respiratory ailments.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Cutler|first1=David|author1-link=David Cutler|last2=Dominici|first2=Francesca|author2-link=Francesca Dominici|date=June 12, 2018|title=A Breath of Bad Air: Cost of the Trump Environmental Agenda May Lead to 80 000 Extra Deaths per Decade|journal=JAMA|volume=319|issue=22|pages=2261–2262|doi=10.1001/jama.2018.7351|issn=0098-7484|pmid=29896617|doi-access=free}}</ref> In August 2018, the administration's own analysis showed that loosening coal plant rules could cause up to 1,400 premature deaths and 15,000 new cases of respiratory problems.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/climate/epa-coal-pollution-deaths.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Lisa |last=Friedman|date=August 21, 2018 |title=Cost of New E.P.A. Coal Rules: Up to 1,400 More Deaths a Year |access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> From 2016 to 2018, air pollution increased by 5.5%, reversing a seven-year trend where air pollution had declined by 25%.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/24/climate/air-pollution-increase.html|title=America's Air Quality Worsens, Ending Years of Gains, Study Says|last=Popovich|first=Nadja|date=October 24, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 30, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | ||
All references to climate change were removed from the White House website, with the sole exception of mentioning Trump's intention to eliminate the Obama administration's [[climate change policies]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-white-house-website.html |date=January 20, 2017 |first=Coral |last=Davenport |title=With Trump in Charge, Climate Change References Purged From Website|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref> The EPA removed climate change material on its website, including detailed [[climate data]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/04/28/epa-website-removes-climate-science-site-from-public-view-after-two-decades/ |date=April 29, 2017 |first1=Chris |last1=Mooney |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin |title=EPA website removes climate science site from public view after two decades |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement]], a 2015 climate change accord reached by 200 nations to cut [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/trump-paris-climate-agreement.html |first=Michael D. |last=Shear |title=Trump Will Withdraw U.S. From Paris Climate Agreement|date=June 1, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In December 2017, Trump{{snd}}who had repeatedly called [[Scientific opinion on climate change|scientific consensus on climate]] a "hoax" before becoming president{{snd}}falsely implied that cold weather meant climate change was not occurring.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/28/politics/trump-global-warming-tweet/index.html |date=December 29, 2017 |title=Trump tweets that 'cold' East Coast 'could use a little bit of' global warming|first=Dan|last=Merica|work= | All references to climate change were removed from the White House website, with the sole exception of mentioning Trump's intention to eliminate the Obama administration's [[climate change policies]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-white-house-website.html |date=January 20, 2017 |first=Coral |last=Davenport |title=With Trump in Charge, Climate Change References Purged From Website|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref> The EPA removed climate change material on its website, including detailed [[climate data]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/04/28/epa-website-removes-climate-science-site-from-public-view-after-two-decades/ |date=April 29, 2017 |first1=Chris |last1=Mooney |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin |title=EPA website removes climate science site from public view after two decades |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement]], a 2015 climate change accord reached by 200 nations to cut [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/trump-paris-climate-agreement.html |first=Michael D. |last=Shear |title=Trump Will Withdraw U.S. From Paris Climate Agreement|date=June 1, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In December 2017, Trump{{snd}}who had repeatedly called [[Scientific opinion on climate change|scientific consensus on climate]] a "hoax" before becoming president{{snd}}falsely implied that cold weather meant climate change was not occurring.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/28/politics/trump-global-warming-tweet/index.html |date=December 29, 2017 |title=Trump tweets that 'cold' East Coast 'could use a little bit of' global warming|first=Dan|last=Merica|work=CNN|access-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref> Through executive order, Trump reversed multiple Obama administration policies meant to tackle climate change, such as a moratorium on federal coal leasing, the [[Presidential Climate Action Plan]], and guidance for federal agencies on taking climate change into account during [[National Environmental Policy Act]] action reviews. Trump also ordered reviews and possibly modifications to several directives, such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] (CPP), the estimate for the "[[social cost of carbon]]" emissions, [[carbon dioxide]] emission standards for new [[coal plants]], [[methane emissions]] standards from [[oil extraction|oil]] and [[natural gas]] extraction, as well as any regulations inhibiting domestic energy production.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/3/27/14922516/trump-executive-order-climate|title=Trump's big new executive order to tear up Obama's climate policies, explained|last=Plumer|first=Brad|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|date=March 27, 2017|access-date=April 2, 2017}}</ref> The administration rolled back regulations requiring the federal government to account for climate change and [[Sea level rise|sea-level rise]] when building infrastructure.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/climate/flooding-infrastructure-climate-change-trump-obama.html|title=Trump Signs Order Rolling Back Environmental Rules on Infrastructure|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=August 15, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 29, 2017}}</ref> The EPA disbanded a 20-expert panel on pollution which advised the EPA on the appropriate threshold levels to set for air quality standards.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/11/climate/epa-disbands-pollution-science-panel.html |first=Lisa |last=Friedman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 11, 2018 |title=E.P.A. to Disband a Key Scientific Review Panel on Air Pollution|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Scott Pruitt official portrait (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Official portrait of Scott Pruitt as EPA Administrator]] | [[File:Scott Pruitt official portrait (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Official portrait of Scott Pruitt as EPA Administrator]] | ||
The administration has repeatedly sought to reduce the EPA budget.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Samet|first1=Jonathan M.|last2=Burke|first2=Thomas A.|date=April 1, 2020|title=Deregulation and the Assault on Science and the Environment|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=41|issue=1|pages=annurev–publhealth–040119-094056|doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094056|pmid=31905321|issn=0163-7525|doi-access=free}}</ref> The administration invalidated the [[Stream Protection Rule]], which limited dumping of toxic wastewater containing metals, such as arsenic and mercury, into public waterways,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/04/13/trump-administration-halts-obama-era-rule-aimed-at-curbing-toxic-wastewater-from-coal-plants/ |first=Brady |last=Dennis |date=April 13, 2017 |title=Trump administration halts Obama-era rule aimed at curbing toxic wastewater from coal plants|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 14, 2017}}</ref> regulations on [[Health effects of coal ash|coal ash]] (carcinogenic leftover waste produced by coal plants),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/18/health/epa-coal-ash-standards-bn/index.html |date=July 18, 2018 |title=EPA rolls back Obama-era coal ash regulations|first=Nadia|last=Kounang|work= | The administration has repeatedly sought to reduce the EPA budget.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||last1=Samet|first1=Jonathan M.|last2=Burke|first2=Thomas A.|date=April 1, 2020|title=Deregulation and the Assault on Science and the Environment|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=41|issue=1|pages=annurev–publhealth–040119-094056|doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094056|pmid=31905321|issn=0163-7525|doi-access=free}}</ref> The administration invalidated the [[Stream Protection Rule]], which limited dumping of toxic wastewater containing metals, such as arsenic and mercury, into public waterways,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/04/13/trump-administration-halts-obama-era-rule-aimed-at-curbing-toxic-wastewater-from-coal-plants/ |first=Brady |last=Dennis |date=April 13, 2017 |title=Trump administration halts Obama-era rule aimed at curbing toxic wastewater from coal plants|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 14, 2017}}</ref> regulations on [[Health effects of coal ash|coal ash]] (carcinogenic leftover waste produced by coal plants),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/18/health/epa-coal-ash-standards-bn/index.html |date=July 18, 2018 |title=EPA rolls back Obama-era coal ash regulations|first=Nadia|last=Kounang|work=CNN|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> and an Obama-era executive order on protections for oceans, coastlines and lakes enacted in response to the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/06/20/trump-just-erased-an-obama-era-policy-to-protect-the-oceans/|title=Trump just erased an Obama-era policy to protect the oceans|last=Fears|first=Darryl|date=June 20, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 22, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The administration refused to act on recommendations from EPA scientists urging greater regulation of [[particulate pollution]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Trump officials reject stricter air quality standards, despite link between air pollution, coronavirus risks|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/04/14/epa-pollution-coronavirus/ |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Dino |last2=Grandoni |first3=Brady |last3=Dennis |date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> | ||
The administration rolled back major [[Clean Water Act]] protections, narrowing the definition of the "[[waters of the United States]]" under federal protection.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.eenews.net/stories/1062934329 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425193046/https://www.eenews.net/stories/1062934329 |archive-date=April 25, 2020 |first1=Jeremy P. |last1=Jacobs |first2=Pamela |last2=King |title=Clean Water Act: Trump's rewrite is finalized. What happens now?|website=E&E News |publisher=[[Environment & Energy Publishing]] |date=April 21, 2020 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> Studies by the Obama-era EPA suggest that up to two-thirds of California's inland freshwater streams would lose protections under the rule change.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-clean-water-20181211-story.html|title=Trump administration unveils major Clean Water Act rollback|last=Halper|first=Evan|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 11, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018}}</ref> The EPA sought to repeal a regulation which required oil and gas companies to restrict emissions of [[methane]], a potent [[greenhouse gas]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/white-house-pressured-epa-on-changes-to-methane-leak-rule/|title=White House Pressured EPA on Changes to Methane Leak Rule|first=Maxine |last=Joselow |date=October 23, 2018 |work=Scientific American|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> The EPA rolled back automobile fuel efficiency standards introduced in 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Trump rolled back fuel-economy standards in the US this week to make vehicles 'substantially safer,' but his claims about car safety don't mesh with reality|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-eases-emissions-rules-make-cars-safer-but-ignores-facts-2020-4 |date=April 4, 2020 |last=King |first=Alanis |website=Business Insider |access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> The EPA granted a loophole allowing a small set of trucking companies to skirt emissions rules and produce [[Glider (automobiles)#Glider truck|glider trucks]] that emit 40 to 55 times the air pollutants of other new trucks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/06/us/glider-trucks-loophole-pruitt.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Eric |last=Lipton |date=July 6, 2018 |title='Super Polluting' Trucks Receive Loophole on Pruitt's Last Day|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref> The EPA rejected a ban on the toxic pesticide [[chlorpyrifos]]; a federal court then ordered the EPA to ban chlorpyrifos, because the EPA's own extensive research showed it caused adverse health effects in children.<ref name="Lipton-2018" /> The administration scaled back the ban on the use of the solvent [[Dichloromethane|methylene chloride]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/climate/epa-paint-stripper-methylene-chloride.html|title=E.P.A., Scaling Back Proposed Ban, Plans Limits on Deadly Chemical in Paint Strippers|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=March 15, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 23, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and lifted a rule requiring major farms to report pollution emitted through animal waste.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/447151-epa-exempts-farms-from-reporting-pollution-tied-to-animal-waste|title=EPA exempts farms from reporting pollution tied to animal waste|last=Beitsch|first=Rebecca|date=June 5, 2019|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref> | The administration rolled back major [[Clean Water Act]] protections, narrowing the definition of the "[[waters of the United States]]" under federal protection.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.eenews.net/stories/1062934329 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425193046/https://www.eenews.net/stories/1062934329 |archive-date=April 25, 2020 |first1=Jeremy P. |last1=Jacobs |first2=Pamela |last2=King |title=Clean Water Act: Trump's rewrite is finalized. What happens now?|website=E&E News |publisher=[[Environment & Energy Publishing]] |date=April 21, 2020 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> Studies by the Obama-era EPA suggest that up to two-thirds of California's inland freshwater streams would lose protections under the rule change.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-clean-water-20181211-story.html|title=Trump administration unveils major Clean Water Act rollback|last=Halper|first=Evan|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 11, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018}}</ref> The EPA sought to repeal a regulation which required oil and gas companies to restrict emissions of [[methane]], a potent [[greenhouse gas]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/white-house-pressured-epa-on-changes-to-methane-leak-rule/|title=White House Pressured EPA on Changes to Methane Leak Rule|first=Maxine |last=Joselow |date=October 23, 2018 |work=Scientific American|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> The EPA rolled back automobile fuel efficiency standards introduced in 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Trump rolled back fuel-economy standards in the US this week to make vehicles 'substantially safer,' but his claims about car safety don't mesh with reality|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-eases-emissions-rules-make-cars-safer-but-ignores-facts-2020-4 |date=April 4, 2020 |last=King |first=Alanis |website=Business Insider |access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> The EPA granted a loophole allowing a small set of trucking companies to skirt emissions rules and produce [[Glider (automobiles)#Glider truck|glider trucks]] that emit 40 to 55 times the air pollutants of other new trucks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/06/us/glider-trucks-loophole-pruitt.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Eric |last=Lipton |date=July 6, 2018 |title='Super Polluting' Trucks Receive Loophole on Pruitt's Last Day|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref> The EPA rejected a ban on the toxic pesticide [[chlorpyrifos]]; a federal court then ordered the EPA to ban chlorpyrifos, because the EPA's own extensive research showed it caused adverse health effects in children.<ref name="Lipton-2018" /> The administration scaled back the ban on the use of the solvent [[Dichloromethane|methylene chloride]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/climate/epa-paint-stripper-methylene-chloride.html|title=E.P.A., Scaling Back Proposed Ban, Plans Limits on Deadly Chemical in Paint Strippers|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=March 15, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 23, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and lifted a rule requiring major farms to report pollution emitted through animal waste.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/447151-epa-exempts-farms-from-reporting-pollution-tied-to-animal-waste|title=EPA exempts farms from reporting pollution tied to animal waste|last=Beitsch|first=Rebecca|date=June 5, 2019|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref> | ||
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The administration weakened enforcement the [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Endangered Species Act]], making it easier to start mining, drilling and construction projects in areas with endangered and threatened species.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/climate/endangered-species-act-changes.html|title=Trump Administration Weakens Protections for Endangered Species|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=August 12, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 12, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Friedman-2019">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/climate/trump-bird-deaths.html|title=A Trump Policy 'Clarification' All but Ends Punishment for Bird Deaths|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=December 24, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 24, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The administration has actively discouraged local governments and businesses from undertaking preservation efforts.<ref name="Friedman-2019" /> | The administration weakened enforcement the [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Endangered Species Act]], making it easier to start mining, drilling and construction projects in areas with endangered and threatened species.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/climate/endangered-species-act-changes.html|title=Trump Administration Weakens Protections for Endangered Species|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=August 12, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 12, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Friedman-2019">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/climate/trump-bird-deaths.html|title=A Trump Policy 'Clarification' All but Ends Punishment for Bird Deaths|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=December 24, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 24, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The administration has actively discouraged local governments and businesses from undertaking preservation efforts.<ref name="Friedman-2019" /> | ||
The administration sharply reduced the size of two national monuments in [[Utah]] by approximately two million acres, making it the largest reduction of public land protections in American history.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/trump-bears-ears.html|title=Trump Slashes Size of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase Monuments|last=Turkewitz|first=Julie|date=December 4, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 5, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] advocated for downsizing four additional national monuments and changing the way six additional monuments were managed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/zinke-backs-shrinking-more-national-monuments-shifting-management-of-10-others/2017/12/05/e116344e-d9e5-11e7-b1a8-62589434a581_story.html|title=Zinke backs shrinking more national monuments and shifting management of 10|last=Eilperin|first=Juliet|date=December 5, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=December 6, 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In 2019, the administration sped up the process for environmental reviews for oil and gas drilling in the Arctic; experts said the speeding up made reviews less comprehensive and reliable.<ref name="Federman-2019">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2019/trump-science-alaska-drilling-rush/ |first=Adam |last=Federman |date=July 26, 2019 |title=How Science Got Trampled in the Rush to Drill in the Arctic|website=[[Politico]] |access-date=July 26, 2019}}</ref> According to ''Politico'', the administration sped up the process in the event that a Democratic administration was elected in 2020, which would have halted new oil and gas leases in the [[Arctic National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name="Federman-2019" /> The administration sought to open up more than 180,000 acres of the [[Tongass National Forest]] in Alaska, the largest in the country, for logging.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/15/politics/alaska-national-forest-logging/index.html|title=Trump administration proposes new logging in nation's largest national forest|first=Gregory|last=Wallace|website= | The administration sharply reduced the size of two national monuments in [[Utah]] by approximately two million acres, making it the largest reduction of public land protections in American history.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/us/trump-bears-ears.html|title=Trump Slashes Size of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase Monuments|last=Turkewitz|first=Julie|date=December 4, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 5, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] advocated for downsizing four additional national monuments and changing the way six additional monuments were managed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/zinke-backs-shrinking-more-national-monuments-shifting-management-of-10-others/2017/12/05/e116344e-d9e5-11e7-b1a8-62589434a581_story.html|title=Zinke backs shrinking more national monuments and shifting management of 10|last=Eilperin|first=Juliet|date=December 5, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=December 6, 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In 2019, the administration sped up the process for environmental reviews for oil and gas drilling in the Arctic; experts said the speeding up made reviews less comprehensive and reliable.<ref name="Federman-2019">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2019/trump-science-alaska-drilling-rush/ |first=Adam |last=Federman |date=July 26, 2019 |title=How Science Got Trampled in the Rush to Drill in the Arctic|website=[[Politico]] |access-date=July 26, 2019}}</ref> According to ''Politico'', the administration sped up the process in the event that a Democratic administration was elected in 2020, which would have halted new oil and gas leases in the [[Arctic National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name="Federman-2019" /> The administration sought to open up more than 180,000 acres of the [[Tongass National Forest]] in Alaska, the largest in the country, for logging.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/15/politics/alaska-national-forest-logging/index.html|title=Trump administration proposes new logging in nation's largest national forest|first=Gregory|last=Wallace|website=CNN|date=October 15, 2019|access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> | ||
In April 2018, Pruitt announced a policy change prohibiting EPA regulators from considering scientific research unless the raw data of the research was made publicly available. This would limit EPA regulators' use of much environmental research, given that participants in many such studies provide personal health information which is kept confidential.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html |first=Lisa |last=Friedman |title=E.P.A. Announces a New Rule. One Likely Effect: Less Science in Policymaking.|date=April 24, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 25, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The EPA cited two bipartisan reports and various nonpartisan studies about the use of science in government to defend the decision. However, the authors of those reports dismissed that the EPA followed their instructions, with one author saying, "They don't adopt any of our recommendations, and they go in a direction that's opposite, completely different. They don't adopt any of the recommendations of ''any'' of the sources they cite."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/how-the-epas-new-secret-science-rule/558878/ |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Scott Pruitt's New Rule Could Completely Transform the EPA|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=April 26, 2018}}</ref> | In April 2018, Pruitt announced a policy change prohibiting EPA regulators from considering scientific research unless the raw data of the research was made publicly available. This would limit EPA regulators' use of much environmental research, given that participants in many such studies provide personal health information which is kept confidential.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html |first=Lisa |last=Friedman |title=E.P.A. Announces a New Rule. One Likely Effect: Less Science in Policymaking.|date=April 24, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 25, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The EPA cited two bipartisan reports and various nonpartisan studies about the use of science in government to defend the decision. However, the authors of those reports dismissed that the EPA followed their instructions, with one author saying, "They don't adopt any of our recommendations, and they go in a direction that's opposite, completely different. They don't adopt any of the recommendations of ''any'' of the sources they cite."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/how-the-epas-new-secret-science-rule/558878/ |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Scott Pruitt's New Rule Could Completely Transform the EPA|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=April 26, 2018}}</ref> | ||
In July 2020, Trump moved to weaken the [[National Environmental Policy Act]] by limiting public review to speed up permitting.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Friedman|first=Lisa|title=Trump Weakens Major Conservation Law to Speed Construction Permits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/climate/trump-environment-nepa.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 21, 2020|date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> In August 2020, Trump signed the [[Great American Outdoors Act]] to fully fund the [[Land and Water Conservation Fund]]. He had intended to oppose the bill and gut the fund until Republican senators afraid of losing their reelection bids and the Senate majority changed his mind.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Maegan|last1=Vazquez|first2=Betsy|last2=Klein|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/04/politics/donald-trump-great-american-outdoors-act/index.html|title=Trump signs conservation funding law that will aid national parks|work= | In July 2020, Trump moved to weaken the [[National Environmental Policy Act]] by limiting public review to speed up permitting.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Friedman|first=Lisa|title=Trump Weakens Major Conservation Law to Speed Construction Permits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/climate/trump-environment-nepa.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 21, 2020|date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> In August 2020, Trump signed the [[Great American Outdoors Act]] to fully fund the [[Land and Water Conservation Fund]]. He had intended to oppose the bill and gut the fund until Republican senators afraid of losing their reelection bids and the Senate majority changed his mind.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Maegan|last1=Vazquez|first2=Betsy|last2=Klein|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/04/politics/donald-trump-great-american-outdoors-act/index.html|title=Trump signs conservation funding law that will aid national parks|work=CNN|date=August 4, 2020 |access-date=September 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hulse|first=Carl|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/us/politics/senate-public-lands.html|title=Senate Moves Toward Preserving Public Lands, and Political Careers|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=September 4, 2023}}</ref> | ||
=== Government size and regulations === | === Government size and regulations === | ||
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In the first six weeks of his tenure, Trump suspended{{snd}}or in a few cases, revoked{{snd}}more than 90 regulations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |access-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> In early 2017, Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to slash two existing regulations for every new one (without spending on regulations going up).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs |date=January 30, 2017 |work=[[Fox News]]|access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> A September 2017 [[Bloomberg BNA]] review found that due to unclear wording in the order and the large proportion of regulations it exempts, the order had had little effect since it was signed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Bolen|first=Sheryl|title=Trump's 2-for-1 Regulatory Policy Yields Minimal Results|url=https://www.bna.com/trumps-2for1-regulatory-n73014470324/|date=September 29, 2017|publisher=[[Bloomberg BNA]]|access-date=October 31, 2017}}</ref> The Trump [[Office of Management and Budget|OMB]] released an analysis in February 2018 indicating the economic benefits of regulations significantly outweigh the economic costs.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/regulation/administration/375684-wh-quietly-issues-report-to-congress-showing-benefits-of|title=WH quietly issues report to Congress showing benefits of regulations|last=Rowland|first=Geoffrey|date=February 26, 2018|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> The administration ordered one-third of government advisory committees for federal agencies eliminated, except for committees that evaluate consumer product safety or committees that approve research grants.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=McCausland|first=Phil|title=Trump's order to slash number of science advisory boards blasted by critics as 'nonsensical'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1017921|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=June 16, 2019|date=June 15, 2019}}</ref> | In the first six weeks of his tenure, Trump suspended{{snd}}or in a few cases, revoked{{snd}}more than 90 regulations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |access-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> In early 2017, Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to slash two existing regulations for every new one (without spending on regulations going up).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs |date=January 30, 2017 |work=[[Fox News]]|access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> A September 2017 [[Bloomberg BNA]] review found that due to unclear wording in the order and the large proportion of regulations it exempts, the order had had little effect since it was signed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Bolen|first=Sheryl|title=Trump's 2-for-1 Regulatory Policy Yields Minimal Results|url=https://www.bna.com/trumps-2for1-regulatory-n73014470324/|date=September 29, 2017|publisher=[[Bloomberg BNA]]|access-date=October 31, 2017}}</ref> The Trump [[Office of Management and Budget|OMB]] released an analysis in February 2018 indicating the economic benefits of regulations significantly outweigh the economic costs.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/regulation/administration/375684-wh-quietly-issues-report-to-congress-showing-benefits-of|title=WH quietly issues report to Congress showing benefits of regulations|last=Rowland|first=Geoffrey|date=February 26, 2018|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> The administration ordered one-third of government advisory committees for federal agencies eliminated, except for committees that evaluate consumer product safety or committees that approve research grants.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=McCausland|first=Phil|title=Trump's order to slash number of science advisory boards blasted by critics as 'nonsensical'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1017921|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=June 16, 2019|date=June 15, 2019}}</ref> | ||
Trump ordered a [[2017 United States federal hiring freeze|four-month government-wide hiring freeze]] of the civilian work force (excluding staff in the military, national security, public safety and offices of new presidential appointees) at the start of his term.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/12/523473051/trump-lifting-federal-hiring-freeze|title=Trump Lifting Federal Hiring Freeze|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=April 12, 2017|access-date=April 3, 2018|last1=Naylor|first1=Brian}}</ref> He said he did not intend to fill many of the governmental positions that were still vacant, as he considered them unnecessary;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-no-plans-to-fill-unnecessary-appointed-positions |title=Trump: No Plans to Fill 'Unnecessary' Appointed Positions|last=Derespina|first=Cody|date=February 28, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> there were nearly 2,000 vacant government positions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/25/politics/donald-trump-cabinet-vacancies/ |title=Trump Still Has to Fill Nearly 2,000 Vacancies |last1=Kessler |first1=Aaron |last2=Kopan |first2=Tal |date=February 25, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017 |work= | Trump ordered a [[2017 United States federal hiring freeze|four-month government-wide hiring freeze]] of the civilian work force (excluding staff in the military, national security, public safety and offices of new presidential appointees) at the start of his term.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/12/523473051/trump-lifting-federal-hiring-freeze|title=Trump Lifting Federal Hiring Freeze|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=April 12, 2017|access-date=April 3, 2018|last1=Naylor|first1=Brian}}</ref> He said he did not intend to fill many of the governmental positions that were still vacant, as he considered them unnecessary;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-no-plans-to-fill-unnecessary-appointed-positions |title=Trump: No Plans to Fill 'Unnecessary' Appointed Positions|last=Derespina|first=Cody|date=February 28, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> there were nearly 2,000 vacant government positions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/25/politics/donald-trump-cabinet-vacancies/ |title=Trump Still Has to Fill Nearly 2,000 Vacancies |last1=Kessler |first1=Aaron |last2=Kopan |first2=Tal |date=February 25, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017 |work=CNN}}</ref> | ||
The administration ended the requirement that nonprofits, including political advocacy groups who collect so-called [[dark money]], disclose the names of large donors to the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]]; the Senate voted to overturn the administration's rule change.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-votes-to-overturn-trump-administration-donor-disclosure-rule-for-dark-money-groups/2018/12/12/92d8d93a-fe3d-11e8-ad40-cdfd0e0dd65a_story.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Senate votes to overturn Trump administration donor disclosure rule for 'dark money' groups|first=Michelle|last=Ye Hee Lee|date=2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | The administration ended the requirement that nonprofits, including political advocacy groups who collect so-called [[dark money]], disclose the names of large donors to the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]]; the Senate voted to overturn the administration's rule change.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-votes-to-overturn-trump-administration-donor-disclosure-rule-for-dark-money-groups/2018/12/12/92d8d93a-fe3d-11e8-ad40-cdfd0e0dd65a_story.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Senate votes to overturn Trump administration donor disclosure rule for 'dark money' groups|first=Michelle|last=Ye Hee Lee|date=2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:CBO AHCA Health Insurance Coverage Impact.png|thumb|upright=1.5|The CBO estimated in May 2017 that the Republican AHCA would reduce the number of people with health insurance by 23 million during 2026, relative to current law.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/costestimate/hr1628aspassed.pdf |title=American Healthcare Act Cost Estimate (May 2017) |work=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |date=May 24, 2017|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref>]] | [[File:CBO AHCA Health Insurance Coverage Impact.png|thumb|upright=1.5|The CBO estimated in May 2017 that the Republican AHCA would reduce the number of people with health insurance by 23 million during 2026, relative to current law.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/costestimate/hr1628aspassed.pdf |title=American Healthcare Act Cost Estimate (May 2017) |work=[[Congressional Budget Office]] |date=May 24, 2017|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref>]] | ||
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (also known as "Obamacare" or the ACA) elicited major opposition from the Republican Party from its inception, and Trump called for a repeal of the law during the 2016 election campaign.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Haberkorn |first=Jennifer |title=Trump victory puts Obamacare dismantling within reach |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/trump-victory-obamacare-risk-231090 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> On taking office, Trump promised to pass a healthcare bill that would cover everyone and result in better and less expensive insurance.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Handicapping Trump's first 100 days|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-first-100-days-policy-233871 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jacobson" /> Throughout his presidency, Trump repeatedly asserted that his administration and Republicans in Congress supported protections for individuals with preexisting conditions; however, fact-checkers noted the administration supported attempts both in Congress and in the courts to roll back the ACA (and its protections for [[Pre-existing condition|preexisting conditions]]).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/24/trump-pledges-to-protect-obamacare-pre-existing-conditions-as-midterms-loom.html|title=Trump keeps promising to protect pre-existing condition coverage – but his policies say otherwise|last=Pramuk|first=Jacob|date=October 24, 2018|work=[[CNBC]]|access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Klein-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/18/politics/trump-pre-existing-conditions/index.html |date=October 18, 2018 |title=Trump: 'All Republicans' support pre-existing conditions, but White House policy says otherwise|first=Betsy|last=Klein|work= | The 2010 Affordable Care Act (also known as "Obamacare" or the ACA) elicited major opposition from the Republican Party from its inception, and Trump called for a repeal of the law during the 2016 election campaign.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Haberkorn |first=Jennifer |title=Trump victory puts Obamacare dismantling within reach |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/trump-victory-obamacare-risk-231090 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> On taking office, Trump promised to pass a healthcare bill that would cover everyone and result in better and less expensive insurance.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Handicapping Trump's first 100 days|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-first-100-days-policy-233871 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jacobson" /> Throughout his presidency, Trump repeatedly asserted that his administration and Republicans in Congress supported protections for individuals with preexisting conditions; however, fact-checkers noted the administration supported attempts both in Congress and in the courts to roll back the ACA (and its protections for [[Pre-existing condition|preexisting conditions]]).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/24/trump-pledges-to-protect-obamacare-pre-existing-conditions-as-midterms-loom.html|title=Trump keeps promising to protect pre-existing condition coverage – but his policies say otherwise|last=Pramuk|first=Jacob|date=October 24, 2018|work=[[CNBC]]|access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Klein-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/18/politics/trump-pre-existing-conditions/index.html |date=October 18, 2018 |title=Trump: 'All Republicans' support pre-existing conditions, but White House policy says otherwise|first=Betsy|last=Klein|work=CNN|access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/21/us/politics/fact-check-trump-pre-existing-health-conditions-.html |first=Linda |last=Qiu |date=September 21, 2018 |title=Trump Claims to Protect Pre-Existing Health Conditions. That's Not What the Government Says.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/oct/05/donald-trump/donald-trumps-pants-fire-claim-about-democrats-pre/ |first=Louis |last=Jacobson |date=October 5, 2018 |title=Trump's 86th Pants on Fire claim is a health care doozy |work=[[Politifact]]|access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Congressional Republicans made two serious efforts to repeal the ACA. First, in March 2017, Trump endorsed the [[American Health Care Act of 2017|American Health Care Act (AHCA)]], a Republican bill to repeal and replace the ACA.<ref name="Perks-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/other/352587-timeline-the-gop-effort-to-repeal-and-replace-obamacare |title=Timeline: The GOP's failed effort to repeal ObamaCare |last=Perks |first=Ashley |date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> Opposition from several House Republicans, both moderate and conservative, led to the defeat of this version of the bill.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> Second in May 2017, the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] narrowly voted in favor of a new version of the AHCA to repeal the ACA, sending the bill to the Senate for deliberation.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> Over the next weeks the Senate made several attempts to create a repeal bill; however, all the proposals were ultimately rejected in a series of Senate votes in late July.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> The individual mandate was repealed in December 2017 by the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act]]. The [[Congressional Budget Office]] estimated in May 2018 that repealing the individual mandate would increase the number of uninsured by eight million and that individual healthcare insurance premiums had increased by ten percent between 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||title=CBO's Revised View Of Individual Mandate Reflected In Latest Forecast |journal=[[Health Affairs]] |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20180605.966625 |first1=Joseph R. |last1=Antos |first2=James C. |last2=Capretta |date=June 7, 2018 |doi=10.1377/forefront.20180605.966625}}</ref> The administration later sided with a lawsuit to overturn the ACA, including protections for individuals with pre-existing conditions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump administration backs court case to overturn key Obamacare provisions |work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/07/obamacare-trump-administration-court-case-texas-606930 |first=Renuka |last=Rayasam |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=June 8, 2018}}</ref> | Congressional Republicans made two serious efforts to repeal the ACA. First, in March 2017, Trump endorsed the [[American Health Care Act of 2017|American Health Care Act (AHCA)]], a Republican bill to repeal and replace the ACA.<ref name="Perks-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/other/352587-timeline-the-gop-effort-to-repeal-and-replace-obamacare |title=Timeline: The GOP's failed effort to repeal ObamaCare |last=Perks |first=Ashley |date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> Opposition from several House Republicans, both moderate and conservative, led to the defeat of this version of the bill.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> Second in May 2017, the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] narrowly voted in favor of a new version of the AHCA to repeal the ACA, sending the bill to the Senate for deliberation.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> Over the next weeks the Senate made several attempts to create a repeal bill; however, all the proposals were ultimately rejected in a series of Senate votes in late July.<ref name="Perks-2017" /> The individual mandate was repealed in December 2017 by the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act]]. The [[Congressional Budget Office]] estimated in May 2018 that repealing the individual mandate would increase the number of uninsured by eight million and that individual healthcare insurance premiums had increased by ten percent between 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||title=CBO's Revised View Of Individual Mandate Reflected In Latest Forecast |journal=[[Health Affairs]] |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20180605.966625 |first1=Joseph R. |last1=Antos |first2=James C. |last2=Capretta |date=June 7, 2018 |doi=10.1377/forefront.20180605.966625}}</ref> The administration later sided with a lawsuit to overturn the ACA, including protections for individuals with pre-existing conditions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump administration backs court case to overturn key Obamacare provisions |work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/07/obamacare-trump-administration-court-case-texas-606930 |first=Renuka |last=Rayasam |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=June 8, 2018}}</ref> | ||
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In 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trump administration reorganized the Global Health Security and Biodefense unit at the NSC by merging it with other related units.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/387191-trump-official-overseeing-pandemic-response-suddenly-leaves-admin|title=Trump official overseeing pandemic readiness exits|last=Thomsen|first=Jacqueline|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=February 26, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105175454/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/387191-trump-official-overseeing-pandemic-response-suddenly-leaves-admin |date=May 10, 2018 |archive-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref> Two months prior to the [[Wuhan outbreak|outbreak in Wuhan China]], the Trump Administration had cut nearly $200 million in funding to Chinese research scientists studying animal [[coronavirus]]es.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Baumgaertner|first1=Emily|last2=Rainey|first2=James|date=April 2, 2020|title=Trump administration ended pandemic early-warning program to detect coronaviruses|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103154422/https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection|archive-date=January 3, 2021|access-date=April 3, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Throughout his presidency he also proposed budget cuts to global health.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Finnegan|first=Conor|title=Trump budget proposes cuts to global health amid two global health crises|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-budget-proposes-cuts-global-health-amid-global/story?id=68911515 |date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=February 26, 2020|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> The Trump administration ignored detailed plans on how to mass-produce [[Protective mask|protective respirator masks]] under a program that had been launched by the Obama administration to alleviate a mask shortage for a future pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/federal-government-spent-millions-to-ramp-up-mask-readiness-but-that-isnt-helping-now/2020/04/03/d62dda5c-74fa-11ea-a9bd-9f8b593300d0_story.html|title=Federal government spent millions to ramp up mask readiness, but that isn't helping now|last=Swaine|first=Jon|date=April 3, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | In 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trump administration reorganized the Global Health Security and Biodefense unit at the NSC by merging it with other related units.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/387191-trump-official-overseeing-pandemic-response-suddenly-leaves-admin|title=Trump official overseeing pandemic readiness exits|last=Thomsen|first=Jacqueline|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=February 26, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105175454/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/387191-trump-official-overseeing-pandemic-response-suddenly-leaves-admin |date=May 10, 2018 |archive-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref> Two months prior to the [[Wuhan outbreak|outbreak in Wuhan China]], the Trump Administration had cut nearly $200 million in funding to Chinese research scientists studying animal [[coronavirus]]es.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Baumgaertner|first1=Emily|last2=Rainey|first2=James|date=April 2, 2020|title=Trump administration ended pandemic early-warning program to detect coronaviruses|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103154422/https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection|archive-date=January 3, 2021|access-date=April 3, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Throughout his presidency he also proposed budget cuts to global health.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Finnegan|first=Conor|title=Trump budget proposes cuts to global health amid two global health crises|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-budget-proposes-cuts-global-health-amid-global/story?id=68911515 |date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=February 26, 2020|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> The Trump administration ignored detailed plans on how to mass-produce [[Protective mask|protective respirator masks]] under a program that had been launched by the Obama administration to alleviate a mask shortage for a future pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/federal-government-spent-millions-to-ramp-up-mask-readiness-but-that-isnt-helping-now/2020/04/03/d62dda5c-74fa-11ea-a9bd-9f8b593300d0_story.html|title=Federal government spent millions to ramp up mask readiness, but that isn't helping now|last=Swaine|first=Jon|date=April 3, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | ||
From January to mid-March 2020, Trump consistently downplayed the threat posed by COVID-19 to the United States, giving many optimistic public statements.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Blake|first=Aaron|date=March 17, 2020|title=A timeline of Trump playing down the coronavirus threat|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/12/trump-coronavirus-timeline/|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> He accused Democrats and media outlets of exaggerating the seriousness of the situation, describing Democrats' criticism of his administration's response as a "hoax".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Mangan|first=Dan|date=March 17, 2019|title=Trump dismissed coronavirus pandemic worry in January – now claims he long warned about it|work=[[CNBC]]|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/17/trump-dissed-coronavirus-pandemic-worry-now-claims-he-warned-about-it.html|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Rupar|first=Aaron|date=March 18, 2020|title=Trump spent weeks downplaying the coronavirus. He's now pretending that never happened.|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/3/18/21184945/trump-coronavirus-comments-then-versus-now|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> By March 2020, however, Trump had adopted a more somber tone on the matter, acknowledging for the first time that COVID-19 was "not under control".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Dale|first=Daniel|date=March 17, 2020|title=Fact check: Trump tries to erase the memory of him downplaying the coronavirus|work= | From January to mid-March 2020, Trump consistently downplayed the threat posed by COVID-19 to the United States, giving many optimistic public statements.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Blake|first=Aaron|date=March 17, 2020|title=A timeline of Trump playing down the coronavirus threat|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/12/trump-coronavirus-timeline/|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> He accused Democrats and media outlets of exaggerating the seriousness of the situation, describing Democrats' criticism of his administration's response as a "hoax".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Mangan|first=Dan|date=March 17, 2019|title=Trump dismissed coronavirus pandemic worry in January – now claims he long warned about it|work=[[CNBC]]|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/17/trump-dissed-coronavirus-pandemic-worry-now-claims-he-warned-about-it.html|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Rupar|first=Aaron|date=March 18, 2020|title=Trump spent weeks downplaying the coronavirus. He's now pretending that never happened.|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/3/18/21184945/trump-coronavirus-comments-then-versus-now|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> By March 2020, however, Trump had adopted a more somber tone on the matter, acknowledging for the first time that COVID-19 was "not under control".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Dale|first=Daniel|date=March 17, 2020|title=Fact check: Trump tries to erase the memory of him downplaying the coronavirus|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/17/politics/fact-check-trump-always-knew-pandemic-coronavirus/index.html|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=March 18, 2020|title=Analysis: US presidential politics in the time of coronavirus|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/analysis-presidential-politics-time-coronavirus-200317202843984.html|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> Although the CDC recommended people wear [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|face masks]] in public when [[social distancing]] is not possible, Trump continually refused to wear one.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Lizza |first1=Ryan |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Wearing a mask is for smug liberals. Refusing to is for reckless Republicans. |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/01/masks-politics-coronavirus-227765 |date=May 1, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120214749/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/01/masks-politics-coronavirus-227765 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> He praised and encouraged protesters who violated [[stay-at-home order]]s in Democratic states, as well as praised Republican governors who violated the White House's own COVID-19 guidelines regarding re-opening their economies.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Smith|first=David|date=April 18, 2020|title=Trump calls protesters against stay-at-home orders 'very responsible'|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/17/trump-liberate-tweets-coronavirus-stay-at-home-orders|url-status=live|access-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107092730/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/17/trump-liberate-tweets-coronavirus-stay-at-home-orders|archive-date=November 7, 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=May 4, 2020 |title=Trump cheers on governors even as they ignore White House coronavirus guidelines in race to reopen |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Toluse |last1=Olorunnipa |first2=Griff |last2=Witte |first3=Lenny |last3=Bernstein |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-cheers-on-governors-as-they-ignore-white-house-coronovirus-guidelines-in-race-to-reopen/2020/05/04/bedc6116-8e18-11ea-a0bc-4e9ad4866d21_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121225809/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-cheers-on-governors-as-they-ignore-white-house-coronovirus-guidelines-in-race-to-reopen/2020/05/04/bedc6116-8e18-11ea-a0bc-4e9ad4866d21_story.html |archive-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref> | ||
The [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] was led by Vice President Mike Pence, Coronavirus Response Coordinator [[Deborah Birx]], and Trump's son-in-law [[Jared Kushner]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Shear|first1=Michael|last2=Weiland|first2=Noah|last3=Rogers|first3=Katie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-cdc.html|title=Trump Names Mike Pence to Lead Coronavirus Response|date=February 26, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 27, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200227003735/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-cdc.html|archive-date=February 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Congress appropriated $8.3{{spaces}}billion in emergency funding, which Trump signed into [[Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act|law]] on March 6.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Keith|first=Tamara|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/06/812825943/trump-signs-coronavirus-funding-bill-cancels-trip-to-cdc|title=Trump Visits CDC After Coronavirus Fears Throw Schedule Into Chaos|date=March 6, 2020|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=March 7, 2020}}</ref> During his oval office address on March 11, Trump announced an imminent travel ban between Europe and the U.S. The announcement caused chaos in European and American airports, as Americans abroad scrambled to get flights back to the U.S. The administration later had to clarify that the travel ban applied to foreigners coming from the [[Schengen Area]], and later added Ireland and the UK to the list.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Specia|first=Megan|date=March 12, 2020|title=What You Need to Know About Trump's European Travel Ban|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/europe/trump-travel-ban-coronavirus.html|access-date=March 28, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Snyder |first=Tanya |title=White House adds U.K., Ireland to travel ban, hints at airline aid |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/14/white-house-adds-uk-ireland-to-travel-ban-129470 |date=March 14, 2020 |access-date=March 28, 2020 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Previously, in late January 2020, the administration banned travel to the U.S. from China; prior to the decision, major U.S. carriers had already announced that they would no longer fly to and from China.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Tate|first=Curtis|title=Delta, American, United to suspend all China mainland flights as coronavirus crisis grows|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/2020/01/31/coronavirus-china-flight-ban-delta-cuts-all-flights-white-house/4620989002/ |date=January 31, 2020 |access-date=April 3, 2020|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> On March 13, Trump designated COVID-19 pandemic as a [[national emergency]], as the number of known cases of COVID-19 in the country exceeded 1,500, while known deaths exceeded 40.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Politi|first1=James|last2=Kuchler|first2=Hannah|date=March 14, 2020|title=Donald Trump declares US national emergency for coronavirus|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/465543fa-655c-11ea-b3f3-fe4680ea68b5|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> | The [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] was led by Vice President Mike Pence, Coronavirus Response Coordinator [[Deborah Birx]], and Trump's son-in-law [[Jared Kushner]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Shear|first1=Michael|last2=Weiland|first2=Noah|last3=Rogers|first3=Katie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-cdc.html|title=Trump Names Mike Pence to Lead Coronavirus Response|date=February 26, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 27, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200227003735/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-cdc.html|archive-date=February 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Congress appropriated $8.3{{spaces}}billion in emergency funding, which Trump signed into [[Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act|law]] on March 6.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Keith|first=Tamara|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/06/812825943/trump-signs-coronavirus-funding-bill-cancels-trip-to-cdc|title=Trump Visits CDC After Coronavirus Fears Throw Schedule Into Chaos|date=March 6, 2020|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=March 7, 2020}}</ref> During his oval office address on March 11, Trump announced an imminent travel ban between Europe and the U.S. The announcement caused chaos in European and American airports, as Americans abroad scrambled to get flights back to the U.S. The administration later had to clarify that the travel ban applied to foreigners coming from the [[Schengen Area]], and later added Ireland and the UK to the list.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Specia|first=Megan|date=March 12, 2020|title=What You Need to Know About Trump's European Travel Ban|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/europe/trump-travel-ban-coronavirus.html|access-date=March 28, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Snyder |first=Tanya |title=White House adds U.K., Ireland to travel ban, hints at airline aid |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/14/white-house-adds-uk-ireland-to-travel-ban-129470 |date=March 14, 2020 |access-date=March 28, 2020 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Previously, in late January 2020, the administration banned travel to the U.S. from China; prior to the decision, major U.S. carriers had already announced that they would no longer fly to and from China.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Tate|first=Curtis|title=Delta, American, United to suspend all China mainland flights as coronavirus crisis grows|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/2020/01/31/coronavirus-china-flight-ban-delta-cuts-all-flights-white-house/4620989002/ |date=January 31, 2020 |access-date=April 3, 2020|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> On March 13, Trump designated COVID-19 pandemic as a [[national emergency]], as the number of known cases of COVID-19 in the country exceeded 1,500, while known deaths exceeded 40.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Politi|first1=James|last2=Kuchler|first2=Hannah|date=March 14, 2020|title=Donald Trump declares US national emergency for coronavirus|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/465543fa-655c-11ea-b3f3-fe4680ea68b5|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> | ||
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In October 2020, after a [[White House COVID-19 outbreak|superspreader event at the White House]], Trump announced that he and [[First Lady Melania Trump|Melania Trump]] had tested positive for [[COVID-19]] and would begin quarantining at the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Edelman|first=Adam|date=October 2, 2020|title=Trump to be transported to Walter Reed hospital after Covid-19 diagnosis|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-be-transported-walter-reed-medical-center-marine-one-helicopter-n1241899}}</ref> Despite having the virus, Trump did not self-isolate and did not abstain from unnecessary risky behaviors. Trump was criticized for leaving his hospital room at [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center]] to go on a joyride to greet his supporters, thus exposing [[United States Secret Service]] agents to the disease.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=October 5, 2020|title=Trump Covid: President criticised over drive-past|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54415532|access-date=January 31, 2021}}</ref> | In October 2020, after a [[White House COVID-19 outbreak|superspreader event at the White House]], Trump announced that he and [[First Lady Melania Trump|Melania Trump]] had tested positive for [[COVID-19]] and would begin quarantining at the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Edelman|first=Adam|date=October 2, 2020|title=Trump to be transported to Walter Reed hospital after Covid-19 diagnosis|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-be-transported-walter-reed-medical-center-marine-one-helicopter-n1241899}}</ref> Despite having the virus, Trump did not self-isolate and did not abstain from unnecessary risky behaviors. Trump was criticized for leaving his hospital room at [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center]] to go on a joyride to greet his supporters, thus exposing [[United States Secret Service]] agents to the disease.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=October 5, 2020|title=Trump Covid: President criticised over drive-past|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54415532|access-date=January 31, 2021}}</ref> | ||
According to sources in the Biden administration, the Trump administration left no plan for [[COVID-19 vaccination in the United States|vaccine distribution]] to the Biden administration, however, [[Anthony Fauci]] rejected this, stating that they were "certainly not starting from scratch, because there is activity going on in the distribution," and that the new administration was improving upon existing distribution efforts.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=MJ |last=Lee|title=Biden inheriting nonexistent coronavirus vaccine distribution plan and must start 'from scratch,' sources say |date=January 21, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/biden-covid-vaccination-trump/index.html|access-date=January 21, 2021|work= | According to sources in the Biden administration, the Trump administration left no plan for [[COVID-19 vaccination in the United States|vaccine distribution]] to the Biden administration, however, [[Anthony Fauci]] rejected this, stating that they were "certainly not starting from scratch, because there is activity going on in the distribution," and that the new administration was improving upon existing distribution efforts.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=MJ |last=Lee|title=Biden inheriting nonexistent coronavirus vaccine distribution plan and must start 'from scratch,' sources say |date=January 21, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/biden-covid-vaccination-trump/index.html|access-date=January 21, 2021|work=CNN}}</ref> In the last quarter of 2020, Trump administration officials lobbied Congress not to provide extra funding to states for vaccine rollout, thus hindering the vaccination rollout. One of those officials, Paul Mango, the deputy chief of staff for policy at the Department of Health and Human Services, claimed that states did not need extra money because they hadn't spent all the previously allocated money for vaccines given by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=January 31, 2021|title=Trump officials lobbied to deny states money for vaccine rollout last fall|url=https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/31/trump-officials-lobbied-to-deny-states-money-for-vaccine-rollout/ |first=Nicholas |last=Florko |access-date=January 31, 2021|website=STAT}}</ref> | ||
=== Housing and urban policy === | === Housing and urban policy === | ||
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Trump has repeatedly characterized [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigrants]] as criminals, although some studies have found they have lower crime and incarceration rates than native-born Americans.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-borders-family-separation.html |first=Katie |last=Rogers |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Trump Highlights Immigrant Crime to Defend His Border Policy. Statistics Don't Back Him Up.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 24, 2018}}</ref> Prior to taking office, Trump promised to deport the estimated eleven million illegal immigrants living in the United States and to build a [[Trump wall|wall]] along the [[Mexico–U.S. border]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Tareen|first=Sophia|title=Trump's election triggers flood of immigration questions|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2016/1118/Trump-s-election-triggers-flood-of-immigration-questions |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=November 18, 2016|access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump reduced legal immigration substantially while the illegal immigrant population remained the same.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=January 20, 2021|title=President Trump Reduced Legal Immigration. He Did Not Reduce Illegal Immigration|url=https://www.cato.org/blog/president-trump-reduced-legal-immigration-he-did-not-reduce-illegal-immigration |first=Alex |last=Nowrasteh |access-date=January 21, 2021|website=Cato Institute}}</ref> The administration took several steps to limit the rights of legal immigrants, which included attempted revocations of [[Temporary Protected Status]] for Central American refugees,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Nakamura|first=David|date=August 16, 2017|title=Trump administration ends Obama-era protection program for Central American minors|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-administration-ends-obama-era-protection-program-for-central-american-minors/2017/08/16/8101507e-82b6-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> 60,000 Haitians (who emigrated following the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]]),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Miroff|first=Nick|date=January 8, 2018|title=200,000 Salvadorans may be forced to leave the U.S. as Trump ends immigration protection|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-to-end-provisional-residency-for-200000-salvadorans/2018/01/08/badfde90-f481-11e7-beb6-c8d48830c54d_story.html|access-date=January 8, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> and 200,000 Salvadorans (who emigrated following a series of devastating earthquakes in 2001)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Jordan |first=Miriam |date=January 8, 2018 |title=Trump Administration Says That Nearly 200,000 Salvadorans Must Leave |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/08/us/salvadorans-tps-end.html |access-date=January 8, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> as well as making it illegal for refugees and asylum seekers,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Sessions rescinds DOJ guidance on refugees, asylum seekers' right to work |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/international/395440-sessions-rescinds-guidance-on-refugees-asylum-seekers-right-to-work |access-date=July 4, 2018}}</ref> and spouses of [[H-1B visa]] holders to work in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Mullen|first=Jethro|title=Trump will stop spouses of H-1B visa holders from working |work=[[CNN Business]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/12/15/technology/h1b-visa-spouses-h4-trump/index.html |date=December 15, 2017 |access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref> A federal judge blocked the administration's attempt to deport the TPS recipients, citing what the judge said was Trump's racial "animus against non-white, non-European immigrants".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Federal judge blocks Trump from deporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants under TPS|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/10/03/judge-blocks-trump-administration-deporting-immigrants-under-tps/1517268002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |first=Alan |last=Gomez |access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> The administration slashed refugee admissions to record low levels (since the modern program began in 1980).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=September 27, 2019|title=US slashes refugee limit to all-time low of 18,000|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49847906 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The administration made it harder non-citizens who served in the military to receive necessary paperwork to pursue U.S. citizenship.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Copp|first=Tara|date=May 3, 2018|title=Naturalizations drop 65 percent for service members seeking citizenship after Mattis memo|work=Military Times|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/05/03/naturalizations-drop-65-percent-for-service-members-seeking-citizenship-after-mattis-memo|access-date=May 4, 2018}}</ref> The administration's key legislative proposal on immigration was the 2017 [[RAISE Act]], a proposal to reduce legal immigration levels to the U.S. by fifty percent by halving the number of [[Permanent residence (United States)|green cards]] issued, capping [[refugee]] admissions at 50,000 a year and ending the [[Diversity Immigrant Visa|visa diversity lottery]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Harold |last=Brubaker |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Wharton study: Immigration proposal will lead to less economic growth and fewer jobs |work=Philadelphia Daily News |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/wharton-study-immigration-proposal-will-lead-to-less-economic-growth-and-fewer-jobs-20170810.html |access-date=August 11, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, the Trump administration set the lowest cap for refugees in the modern history of the United States for the subsequent year: 15,000 refugees.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Susan |last1=Heavey |first2=Ted |last2=Hesson |first3=Kristina |last3=Cooke |first4=Mimi |last4=Dwyer |first5=Mica |last5=Rosenberg |date=October 28, 2020|title=Trump administration sets record low limit for new U.S. refugees|work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-refugees-idUSKBN27D1TS|access-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref> The administration increased fees for citizen applications, as well as caused delays in the processing of citizen applications.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=May 25, 2021|title=Citizenship agency eyes improved service without plan to pay|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-voter-registration-lifestyle-travel-immigration-1c0554d5d141776722c64f5deadbad8d |first1=Elliot |last1=Spagat |first2=Sophia |last2=Tareen |access-date=June 20, 2021|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> | Trump has repeatedly characterized [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigrants]] as criminals, although some studies have found they have lower crime and incarceration rates than native-born Americans.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-borders-family-separation.html |first=Katie |last=Rogers |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Trump Highlights Immigrant Crime to Defend His Border Policy. Statistics Don't Back Him Up.|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 24, 2018}}</ref> Prior to taking office, Trump promised to deport the estimated eleven million illegal immigrants living in the United States and to build a [[Trump wall|wall]] along the [[Mexico–U.S. border]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Tareen|first=Sophia|title=Trump's election triggers flood of immigration questions|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2016/1118/Trump-s-election-triggers-flood-of-immigration-questions |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=November 18, 2016|access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump reduced legal immigration substantially while the illegal immigrant population remained the same.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=January 20, 2021|title=President Trump Reduced Legal Immigration. He Did Not Reduce Illegal Immigration|url=https://www.cato.org/blog/president-trump-reduced-legal-immigration-he-did-not-reduce-illegal-immigration |first=Alex |last=Nowrasteh |access-date=January 21, 2021|website=Cato Institute}}</ref> The administration took several steps to limit the rights of legal immigrants, which included attempted revocations of [[Temporary Protected Status]] for Central American refugees,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Nakamura|first=David|date=August 16, 2017|title=Trump administration ends Obama-era protection program for Central American minors|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-administration-ends-obama-era-protection-program-for-central-american-minors/2017/08/16/8101507e-82b6-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> 60,000 Haitians (who emigrated following the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]]),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Miroff|first=Nick|date=January 8, 2018|title=200,000 Salvadorans may be forced to leave the U.S. as Trump ends immigration protection|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-to-end-provisional-residency-for-200000-salvadorans/2018/01/08/badfde90-f481-11e7-beb6-c8d48830c54d_story.html|access-date=January 8, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> and 200,000 Salvadorans (who emigrated following a series of devastating earthquakes in 2001)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Jordan |first=Miriam |date=January 8, 2018 |title=Trump Administration Says That Nearly 200,000 Salvadorans Must Leave |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/08/us/salvadorans-tps-end.html |access-date=January 8, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> as well as making it illegal for refugees and asylum seekers,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Sessions rescinds DOJ guidance on refugees, asylum seekers' right to work |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/international/395440-sessions-rescinds-guidance-on-refugees-asylum-seekers-right-to-work |access-date=July 4, 2018}}</ref> and spouses of [[H-1B visa]] holders to work in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Mullen|first=Jethro|title=Trump will stop spouses of H-1B visa holders from working |work=[[CNN Business]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/12/15/technology/h1b-visa-spouses-h4-trump/index.html |date=December 15, 2017 |access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref> A federal judge blocked the administration's attempt to deport the TPS recipients, citing what the judge said was Trump's racial "animus against non-white, non-European immigrants".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Federal judge blocks Trump from deporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants under TPS|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/10/03/judge-blocks-trump-administration-deporting-immigrants-under-tps/1517268002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |first=Alan |last=Gomez |access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> The administration slashed refugee admissions to record low levels (since the modern program began in 1980).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=September 27, 2019|title=US slashes refugee limit to all-time low of 18,000|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49847906 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The administration made it harder non-citizens who served in the military to receive necessary paperwork to pursue U.S. citizenship.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Copp|first=Tara|date=May 3, 2018|title=Naturalizations drop 65 percent for service members seeking citizenship after Mattis memo|work=Military Times|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/05/03/naturalizations-drop-65-percent-for-service-members-seeking-citizenship-after-mattis-memo|access-date=May 4, 2018}}</ref> The administration's key legislative proposal on immigration was the 2017 [[RAISE Act]], a proposal to reduce legal immigration levels to the U.S. by fifty percent by halving the number of [[Permanent residence (United States)|green cards]] issued, capping [[refugee]] admissions at 50,000 a year and ending the [[Diversity Immigrant Visa|visa diversity lottery]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Harold |last=Brubaker |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Wharton study: Immigration proposal will lead to less economic growth and fewer jobs |work=Philadelphia Daily News |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/wharton-study-immigration-proposal-will-lead-to-less-economic-growth-and-fewer-jobs-20170810.html |access-date=August 11, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, the Trump administration set the lowest cap for refugees in the modern history of the United States for the subsequent year: 15,000 refugees.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Susan |last1=Heavey |first2=Ted |last2=Hesson |first3=Kristina |last3=Cooke |first4=Mimi |last4=Dwyer |first5=Mica |last5=Rosenberg |date=October 28, 2020|title=Trump administration sets record low limit for new U.S. refugees|work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-refugees-idUSKBN27D1TS|access-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref> The administration increased fees for citizen applications, as well as caused delays in the processing of citizen applications.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=May 25, 2021|title=Citizenship agency eyes improved service without plan to pay|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-voter-registration-lifestyle-travel-immigration-1c0554d5d141776722c64f5deadbad8d |first1=Elliot |last1=Spagat |first2=Sophia |last2=Tareen |access-date=June 20, 2021|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> | ||
By February 2018, arrests of undocumented immigrants by ICE increased by forty percent during Trump's tenure. Arrests of noncriminal undocumented immigrants were twice as high as during Obama's final year in office. Arrests of undocumented immigrants with criminal convictions increased only slightly.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Miroff|first1=Nick|last2=Sacchetti|first2=Maria|date=February 11, 2018|title=Trump takes 'shackles' off ICE, which is slapping them on immigrants who thought they were safe|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-takes-shackles-off-ice-which-is-slapping-them-on-immigrants-who-thought-they-were-safe/2018/02/11/4bd5c164-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html|access-date=February 12, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In 2018, experts noted that the Trump administration's immigration policies had led to an increase in criminality and lawlessness along the U.S.–Mexico border, as asylum seekers prevented by U.S. authorities from filing for asylum had been preyed upon by human smugglers, organized crime and corrupt local law enforcement.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Ray |last1=Sanchez |first2=Nick |last2=Valencia |first3=Tal |last3=Kopan |title=Trump's immigration policies were supposed to make the border safer. Experts say the opposite is happening. |date=July 20, 2018 |work= | By February 2018, arrests of undocumented immigrants by ICE increased by forty percent during Trump's tenure. Arrests of noncriminal undocumented immigrants were twice as high as during Obama's final year in office. Arrests of undocumented immigrants with criminal convictions increased only slightly.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Miroff|first1=Nick|last2=Sacchetti|first2=Maria|date=February 11, 2018|title=Trump takes 'shackles' off ICE, which is slapping them on immigrants who thought they were safe|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-takes-shackles-off-ice-which-is-slapping-them-on-immigrants-who-thought-they-were-safe/2018/02/11/4bd5c164-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html|access-date=February 12, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In 2018, experts noted that the Trump administration's immigration policies had led to an increase in criminality and lawlessness along the U.S.–Mexico border, as asylum seekers prevented by U.S. authorities from filing for asylum had been preyed upon by human smugglers, organized crime and corrupt local law enforcement.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Ray |last1=Sanchez |first2=Nick |last2=Valencia |first3=Tal |last3=Kopan |title=Trump's immigration policies were supposed to make the border safer. Experts say the opposite is happening. |date=July 20, 2018 |work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/19/americas/trump-migration-border-smuggling/index.html|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> To defend administration policies on immigration, the administration fudged data and presented intentionally misleading analyses of the costs associated with refugees (omitting data that showed net positive fiscal effects),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump Administration Rejects Study Showing Positive Impact of Refugees|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 19, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/politics/refugees-revenue-cost-report-trump.html|access-date=June 25, 2018|last1=Davis|first1=Julie Hirschfeld|last2=Sengupta|first2=Somini}}</ref> as well as created the [[Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement]] to highlight crimes committed by undocumented immigrants (there is no evidence undocumented immigrants increase the U.S. crime rate).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Lee|first=Michelle|date=March 1, 2017|title=Fact check: Trump claim on murders by unauthorized immigrants|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2017/live-updates/trump-white-house/real-time-fact-checking-and-analysis-of-trumps-address-to-congress/fact-check-trump-claim-on-murders-by-unauthorized-immigrants/|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, Trump was widely criticized after referring to Haiti, El Salvador, and African nations in general as "shithole countries" at a bipartisan meeting on immigration. Multiple international leaders condemned his remarks as racist.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=African nations slam Trump's vulgar remarks as "racist"|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/african-nations-slam-trump-s-vulgar-remarks-reprehensible-racist-n837486 |first=Erik |last=Ortiz |date=January 13, 2018 |access-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Upon taking office, Trump directed the DHS to begin work on a wall.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/25/donald-trump-sign-mexico-border-executive-order |first=David |last=Smith |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump signs order to begin Mexico border wall in immigration crackdown|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> An internal DHS report estimated Trump's wall would cost $21.6{{spaces}}billion and take 3.5 years to build (far higher than the Trump 2016 campaign's estimate ($12{{spaces}}billion) and the $15{{spaces}}billion estimate from Republican congressional leaders).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-trump-immigration-wall-idINKBN15O2ZZ |date=February 9, 2017 |title=Trump border 'wall' to cost $21.6 billion, take 3.5 years to build: Homeland Security internal report|last=Ainsley|first=Julia Edwards|access-date=February 10, 2017|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In a January 2017 phone call between Trump and Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto, Trump conceded that the U.S. would pay for the border wall, not Mexico as he promised during the campaign, and implored Nieto to stop saying publicly the Mexican government would not pay for the border wall.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/you-cannot-say-that-to-the-press-trump-urged-mexican-president-to-end-his-public-defiance-on-border-wall-transcript-reveals/2017/08/03/0c2c0a4e-7610-11e7-8f39-eeb7d3a2d304_story.html |first=Greg |last=Miller |date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump urged Mexican president to end his public defiance on border wall, transcript reveals|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, the administration proposed spending $18{{spaces}}billion over the next ten years on the wall, more than half of the $33{{spaces}}billion spending blueprint for border security.<ref name="Nixon-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/08/us/politics/trump-border-wall-funding-surveillance.html |title=To Pay for Wall, Trump Would Cut Proven Border Security Measures |last=Nixon |first=Ron |date=January 8, 2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 9, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Trump's plan would reduce funding for border surveillance, radar technology, patrol boats and customs agents; experts and officials say these are more effective at curbing illegal immigration and preventing terrorism and smuggling than a border wall.<ref name="Nixon-2018" /> | Upon taking office, Trump directed the DHS to begin work on a wall.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/25/donald-trump-sign-mexico-border-executive-order |first=David |last=Smith |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump signs order to begin Mexico border wall in immigration crackdown|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> An internal DHS report estimated Trump's wall would cost $21.6{{spaces}}billion and take 3.5 years to build (far higher than the Trump 2016 campaign's estimate ($12{{spaces}}billion) and the $15{{spaces}}billion estimate from Republican congressional leaders).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-trump-immigration-wall-idINKBN15O2ZZ |date=February 9, 2017 |title=Trump border 'wall' to cost $21.6 billion, take 3.5 years to build: Homeland Security internal report|last=Ainsley|first=Julia Edwards|access-date=February 10, 2017|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In a January 2017 phone call between Trump and Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto, Trump conceded that the U.S. would pay for the border wall, not Mexico as he promised during the campaign, and implored Nieto to stop saying publicly the Mexican government would not pay for the border wall.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/you-cannot-say-that-to-the-press-trump-urged-mexican-president-to-end-his-public-defiance-on-border-wall-transcript-reveals/2017/08/03/0c2c0a4e-7610-11e7-8f39-eeb7d3a2d304_story.html |first=Greg |last=Miller |date=November 10, 2021 |title=Trump urged Mexican president to end his public defiance on border wall, transcript reveals|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, the administration proposed spending $18{{spaces}}billion over the next ten years on the wall, more than half of the $33{{spaces}}billion spending blueprint for border security.<ref name="Nixon-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/08/us/politics/trump-border-wall-funding-surveillance.html |title=To Pay for Wall, Trump Would Cut Proven Border Security Measures |last=Nixon |first=Ron |date=January 8, 2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 9, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Trump's plan would reduce funding for border surveillance, radar technology, patrol boats and customs agents; experts and officials say these are more effective at curbing illegal immigration and preventing terrorism and smuggling than a border wall.<ref name="Nixon-2018" /> | ||
The administration sought to add a citizenship question to the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], which experts warned would likely result in severe undercounting of the population and faulty data,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/us/politics/census-citizenship-question-trump.html|title=Despite Concerns, Census Will Ask Respondents if They Are U.S. Citizens|last=Baumgaertner|first=Emily|date=March 26, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 27, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> with naturalized U.S. citizens, legal immigrants, and undocumented immigrants all being less likely to respond to the census.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Holly |last=Straut-Eppsteiner |access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.nilc.org/2019/04/22/citizenship-question-would-undermine-census-reliability/ |publisher=National Immigration Law Center |title=Research Shows a Citizenship Question Would Suppress Participation among Latinxs and Immigrants in the 2020 Census, Undermining Its Reliability |date=April 22, 2019 |quote=Researchers uncovered a significant and troubling finding from this survey research: Fewer Latinx immigrant households will participate in the 2020 census if the question is implemented, which will result in an undercount. Without the citizenship question, 84 percent of respondents were willing to participate in the census; after including the citizenship question, however, willingness to participate dropped by almost half, to 46 percent. Willingness dropped among individuals across legal status: naturalized citizens, legal residents, and undocumented individuals.}}</ref> [[Blue states]] were estimated to get fewer congressional seats and lower congressional appropriations than they would otherwise get, because they have larger non-citizen populations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/27/politics/blue-states-lose-citizenship-question-census/index.html |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Blue states are far more likely to lose money and power over Census citizenship question|last=Enten|first=Harry|work= | The administration sought to add a citizenship question to the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], which experts warned would likely result in severe undercounting of the population and faulty data,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/us/politics/census-citizenship-question-trump.html|title=Despite Concerns, Census Will Ask Respondents if They Are U.S. Citizens|last=Baumgaertner|first=Emily|date=March 26, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 27, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> with naturalized U.S. citizens, legal immigrants, and undocumented immigrants all being less likely to respond to the census.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Holly |last=Straut-Eppsteiner |access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.nilc.org/2019/04/22/citizenship-question-would-undermine-census-reliability/ |publisher=National Immigration Law Center |title=Research Shows a Citizenship Question Would Suppress Participation among Latinxs and Immigrants in the 2020 Census, Undermining Its Reliability |date=April 22, 2019 |quote=Researchers uncovered a significant and troubling finding from this survey research: Fewer Latinx immigrant households will participate in the 2020 census if the question is implemented, which will result in an undercount. Without the citizenship question, 84 percent of respondents were willing to participate in the census; after including the citizenship question, however, willingness to participate dropped by almost half, to 46 percent. Willingness dropped among individuals across legal status: naturalized citizens, legal residents, and undocumented individuals.}}</ref> [[Blue states]] were estimated to get fewer congressional seats and lower congressional appropriations than they would otherwise get, because they have larger non-citizen populations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/27/politics/blue-states-lose-citizenship-question-census/index.html |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Blue states are far more likely to lose money and power over Census citizenship question|last=Enten|first=Harry|work=CNN|access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref> [[Thomas B. Hofeller]], an architect of Republican gerrymandering, had found adding the census question would help to gerrymander maps that "would be advantageous to Republicans and non-Hispanic whites" and that Hofeller had later written the key portion of a letter from the Trump administration's Justice Department justifying the addition of a citizenship question by claiming it was needed to enforce the 1965 Voting Rights Act.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/us/census-citizenship-question-hofeller.html |title=Deceased G.O.P. Strategist's Hard Drives Reveal New Details on the Census Citizenship Question |first=Michael |last=Wines |date=May 30, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> In July 2019, the Supreme Court in ''[[Department of Commerce v. New York]]'' blocked the administration from including the citizenship question on the census form.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump abandons effort to add citizenship question to census |work=[[Politico]] |first1=Anita |last1=Kumar |first2=Caitlin |last2=Oprysko |date=July 11, 2019 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/11/trump-expected-to-take-executive-action-to-add-citizenship-question-to-census-1405893 |access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref> | ||
During the 2018 midterm election campaign, Trump sent nearly 5,600 troops to the U.S.–Mexico border for the stated purpose of protecting the United States against a caravan of Central American migrants.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/10/us/deployed-inside-the-united-states-the-military-waits-for-the-migrant-caravan.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Thomas |last1=Gibbons-Neff |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |date=November 10, 2018 |title=Deployed Inside the United States: The Military Waits for the Migrant Caravan|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> The Pentagon had previously concluded the caravan posed no threat to the U.S. The border deployment was estimated to cost as much as $220{{spaces}}million by the end of the year.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/05/trump-border-deployments-could-cost-220-million-pentagon-sees-no-caravan-threat.html|title=Trump's border deployments could cost $220 million as Pentagon sees no threat from migrant caravan|last=Macias|first=Amanda|date=November 5, 2018 |work=[[CNBC]] |access-date=November 5, 2018}}</ref> With daily warnings from Trump about the dangers of the caravan during the midterm election campaign, the frequency and intensity of the caravan rhetoric nearly stopped after election day.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-north-america-donald-trump-ap-top-news-elections-38870e6a25d5469292253b4b716ecc17 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Catherine |last2=Lucey|access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Remember the caravan? After vote, focus on migrants fades|date=November 13, 2018|work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> | During the 2018 midterm election campaign, Trump sent nearly 5,600 troops to the U.S.–Mexico border for the stated purpose of protecting the United States against a caravan of Central American migrants.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/10/us/deployed-inside-the-united-states-the-military-waits-for-the-migrant-caravan.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Thomas |last1=Gibbons-Neff |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |date=November 10, 2018 |title=Deployed Inside the United States: The Military Waits for the Migrant Caravan|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> The Pentagon had previously concluded the caravan posed no threat to the U.S. The border deployment was estimated to cost as much as $220{{spaces}}million by the end of the year.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/05/trump-border-deployments-could-cost-220-million-pentagon-sees-no-caravan-threat.html|title=Trump's border deployments could cost $220 million as Pentagon sees no threat from migrant caravan|last=Macias|first=Amanda|date=November 5, 2018 |work=[[CNBC]] |access-date=November 5, 2018}}</ref> With daily warnings from Trump about the dangers of the caravan during the midterm election campaign, the frequency and intensity of the caravan rhetoric nearly stopped after election day.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-north-america-donald-trump-ap-top-news-elections-38870e6a25d5469292253b4b716ecc17 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Catherine |last2=Lucey|access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Remember the caravan? After vote, focus on migrants fades|date=November 13, 2018|work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Stop Separating Immigrant Families Press Conference and Rally Chicago Illinois 6-5-18.jpg|thumb|June 2018 protest against the [[Trump administration family separation policy]], in Chicago, Illinois{{POV statement|date=June 2024}}]] | [[File:Stop Separating Immigrant Families Press Conference and Rally Chicago Illinois 6-5-18.jpg|thumb|June 2018 protest against the [[Trump administration family separation policy]], in Chicago, Illinois{{POV statement|date=June 2024}}]] | ||
In May 2018, the administration announced it would separate children from parents caught unlawfully crossing the southern border into the United States. Parents were routinely charged with a [[misdemeanor]] and jailed; their children were placed in separate detention centers with no established procedure to track them or reunite them with their parent after they had served time for their offence, generally only a few hours or days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Jarrett|first=Laura|title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html|website= | In May 2018, the administration announced it would separate children from parents caught unlawfully crossing the southern border into the United States. Parents were routinely charged with a [[misdemeanor]] and jailed; their children were placed in separate detention centers with no established procedure to track them or reunite them with their parent after they had served time for their offence, generally only a few hours or days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Jarrett|first=Laura|title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html|website=CNN|date=June 27, 2018|access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> Later that month, Trump falsely accused Democrats of creating that policy, despite it originating from his own administration, and urged Congress to "get together" and pass an immigration bill.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/us/trump-immigrant-children-lost.html |first=Amy |last=Harmon |title=Did the Trump Administration Separate Immigrant Children From Parents and Lose Them? |date=May 28, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Members of Congress from both parties condemned the practice and pointed out that the White House could end the separations on its own.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.vox.com/2018/6/19/17478350/republicans-family-separations-trump-midterms|title=Republicans are starting to worry that voters will punish them for family separations|last=Zhou|first=Li|date=June 19, 2018|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' quoted a White House official as saying Trump's decision to separate migrant families was to gain political leverage to force Democrats and moderate Republicans to accept hardline immigration legislation.<ref name="Scherer-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Scherer |first1=Michael |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |title=Trump cites as a negotiating tool his policy of separating immigrant children from their parents |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-cites-as-a-negotiating-tool-his-policy-of-separating-immigrant-children-from-their-parents/2018/06/15/ade82b80-70b3-11e8-bf86-a2351b5ece99_story.html |date=June 15, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 17, 2018}}</ref> | ||
Six weeks into the implementation of the "zero tolerance" policy, at least 2,300 migrant children had been separated from their families.<ref name="Shear-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |date=June 20, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, Signing Order to Detain Them Together |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref> The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the [[American College of Physicians]] and the [[American Psychiatric Association]] condemned the policy, with the American Academy of Pediatrics saying the policy was causing "irreparable harm" to the children.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/14/health/immigrant-family-separation-doctors/index.html |date=June 14, 2018 |title=Doctors saw immigrant kids separated from their parents. Now they're trying to stop it. |first=Catherine E. |last=Shoichet |work= | Six weeks into the implementation of the "zero tolerance" policy, at least 2,300 migrant children had been separated from their families.<ref name="Shear-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |date=June 20, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, Signing Order to Detain Them Together |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref> The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the [[American College of Physicians]] and the [[American Psychiatric Association]] condemned the policy, with the American Academy of Pediatrics saying the policy was causing "irreparable harm" to the children.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/14/health/immigrant-family-separation-doctors/index.html |date=June 14, 2018 |title=Doctors saw immigrant kids separated from their parents. Now they're trying to stop it. |first=Catherine E. |last=Shoichet |work=CNN |access-date=June 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Scherer-2018" /> The policy was extremely unpopular, more so than any major piece of legislation in recent memory.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/06/19/the-extraordinary-unpopularity-of-trumps-family-separation-policy-in-one-graph/|title=Analysis {{!}} The extraordinary unpopularity of Trump's family separation policy (in one graph)|last=Sides|first=John|author1-link=John M. Sides|date=June 19, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 20, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Videos and images of children held in cage-like detention centers, distraught parents separated from their children, and sobbing children caused an outcry.<ref name="Shear-2018" /> [[George Takei]] and other survivors of [[Japanese internment camps in the United States|Japanese internment camps]] have also criticized the conditions in these centers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Bryan |date=June 19, 2018 |title=George Takei slams Trump's border policy, 'worse' than Japanese internment camp |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/06/19/george-takei-trumps-border-policy-worse-than-interment-camp/716478002/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Stacy |date=March 30, 2019 |title=Coalition of WWII Japanese American internment camp survivors stage peaceful protest at immigrant detention facility on Texas border |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/coalition-wwii-japanese-american-internment-camp-survivors-stage/story?id=62039367 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kang |first1=Inyoung |last2=Stevens |first2=Matt |date=June 22, 2018 |title=California Today: Recalling Japanese Internment in the Era of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/22/us/japanese-internment-manzanar-trump.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> After criticism, [[Department of Homeland Security|DHS]] secretary [[Kirstjen Nielsen]] falsely claimed that "We do not have a policy of separating families at the border."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.factcheck.org/2018/06/nielsens-rhetoric-on-family-separations/ |first=D'Angelo |last=Gore |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Nielsen's Rhetoric on Family Separations|date=June 20, 2018|publisher=Fact Check}}</ref> | ||
On June 20, 2018, amid worldwide outrage and enormous political pressure to roll back his policy, Trump reversed the family-separation policy by signing an executive order,<ref name="Shear-2018" /> despite earlier having said "you can't do it through an executive order."<ref name="Shear-2018" /> Six days later, as the result of a class-action lawsuit filed by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]], U.S. District Judge [[Dana Sabraw]] issued a nationwide [[preliminary injunction]] against the family-separation policy, and required the government to reunite separated families within 30 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Julie Hirschfeld |last2=Davis |first3=Thomas |last3=Kaplan |first4=Robert |last4=Pear |access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/us/politics/family-separations-congress-states.html |title=Federal Judge in California Issues Injunction Halting Government From Separating Families |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> By November 2020, the parents of 666 children still had not been found.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lawyers can't find parents of another 100-plus migrant kids|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/lawyers-can-t-find-parents-666-migrant-kids-higher-number-n1247144 |date=November 9, 2020 |first1=Jacob |last1=Soboroff |first2=Julia |last2=Ainsley |access-date=November 10, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> The administration refused to provide funds to cover the expenses of reuniting families, and volunteer organizations continue to provide both volunteers and funding.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=transcript|title=Why hundreds of migrant children remain separated from their parents|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-hundreds-of-migrant-children-remain-separated-from-their-parents#transcript|access-date=October 22, 2020|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|date=October 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lawyers: We can't find parents of 545 kids separated by Trump administration |first1=Julia |last1=Ainsley |first2=Jacob |last2=Soboroff |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/lawyers-say-they-can-t-find-parents-545-migrant-children-n1244066 |date=October 21, 2020 |access-date=October 21, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Dickerson|first=Caitlin|date=October 21, 2020|title=Parents of 545 Children Separated at the Border Cannot Be Found|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/us/migrant-children-separated.html|access-date=October 22, 2020}}</ref> The administration also refused to pay for mental health services for the families and orphaned children traumatized by the separations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=White House nixed deal to pay for mental health care for separated families|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/white-house-killed-deal-pay-mental-health-care-migrant-families-n1248158 |date=November 19, 2020 |first1=Jacob |last1=Soboroff |first2=Julia |last2=Ainsley |first3=Geoff |last3=Bennett |access-date=December 20, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> | On June 20, 2018, amid worldwide outrage and enormous political pressure to roll back his policy, Trump reversed the family-separation policy by signing an executive order,<ref name="Shear-2018" /> despite earlier having said "you can't do it through an executive order."<ref name="Shear-2018" /> Six days later, as the result of a class-action lawsuit filed by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]], U.S. District Judge [[Dana Sabraw]] issued a nationwide [[preliminary injunction]] against the family-separation policy, and required the government to reunite separated families within 30 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Julie Hirschfeld |last2=Davis |first3=Thomas |last3=Kaplan |first4=Robert |last4=Pear |access-date=November 10, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/us/politics/family-separations-congress-states.html |title=Federal Judge in California Issues Injunction Halting Government From Separating Families |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> By November 2020, the parents of 666 children still had not been found.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lawyers can't find parents of another 100-plus migrant kids|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/lawyers-can-t-find-parents-666-migrant-kids-higher-number-n1247144 |date=November 9, 2020 |first1=Jacob |last1=Soboroff |first2=Julia |last2=Ainsley |access-date=November 10, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> The administration refused to provide funds to cover the expenses of reuniting families, and volunteer organizations continue to provide both volunteers and funding.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=transcript|title=Why hundreds of migrant children remain separated from their parents|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-hundreds-of-migrant-children-remain-separated-from-their-parents#transcript|access-date=October 22, 2020|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|date=October 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lawyers: We can't find parents of 545 kids separated by Trump administration |first1=Julia |last1=Ainsley |first2=Jacob |last2=Soboroff |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/lawyers-say-they-can-t-find-parents-545-migrant-children-n1244066 |date=October 21, 2020 |access-date=October 21, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Dickerson|first=Caitlin|date=October 21, 2020|title=Parents of 545 Children Separated at the Border Cannot Be Found|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/us/migrant-children-separated.html|access-date=October 22, 2020}}</ref> The administration also refused to pay for mental health services for the families and orphaned children traumatized by the separations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=White House nixed deal to pay for mental health care for separated families|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/white-house-killed-deal-pay-mental-health-care-migrant-families-n1248158 |date=November 19, 2020 |first1=Jacob |last1=Soboroff |first2=Julia |last2=Ainsley |first3=Geoff |last3=Bennett |access-date=December 20, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Trump signing order January 27.jpg|thumb|Trump signs [[Executive Order 13769]] at the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]. Vice President [[Mike Pence]] (left) and Secretary of Defense [[James Mattis]] look on, January 27, 2017.]] | [[File:Trump signing order January 27.jpg|thumb|Trump signs [[Executive Order 13769]] at the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]. Vice President [[Mike Pence]] (left) and Secretary of Defense [[James Mattis]] look on, January 27, 2017.]] | ||
In January 2017, Trump signed an [[Executive Order 13769|executive order]] which indefinitely suspended admission of asylum seekers fleeing the [[Syrian Civil War]], suspended admission of all other refugees for 120 days, and denied entry to citizens of [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Libya]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]] and [[Yemen]] for 90 days. The order also established a religious test for refugees from Muslim nations by giving priority to refugees of other religions over Muslim refugees.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/trump-syrian-refugees.html|title=Trump Bars Refugees and Citizens of 7 Muslim Countries|last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|last2=Cooper|first2=Helene|date=January 27, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Later, the administration seemed to reverse a portion of part of the order, effectively exempting visitors with a [[Permanent residence (United States)|green card]].<ref name="Shear">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Peter |last=Baker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/29/us/politics/white-house-official-in-reversal-says-green-card-holders-wont-be-barred.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=White House Official, in Reversal, Says Green Card Holders Won't Be Barred |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 29, 2017}}</ref> After the order was challenged in the federal courts, several federal judges issued rulings [[Injunction|enjoining]] the government from enforcing the order.<ref name="Shear" /> Trump [[Dismissals of Sally Yates and Daniel Ragsdale|fired]] acting attorney general [[Sally Yates]] after she said she would not defend the order in court; Yates was replaced by [[Dana Boente]], who said the Department of Justice would defend the order.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/dana-boente-acting-attorney-general/|title=New acting attorney general set for brief tenure|last=Schleifer|first=Theodore|date=January 31, 2017|access-date=January 31, 2017|work= | In January 2017, Trump signed an [[Executive Order 13769|executive order]] which indefinitely suspended admission of asylum seekers fleeing the [[Syrian Civil War]], suspended admission of all other refugees for 120 days, and denied entry to citizens of [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Libya]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]] and [[Yemen]] for 90 days. The order also established a religious test for refugees from Muslim nations by giving priority to refugees of other religions over Muslim refugees.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/trump-syrian-refugees.html|title=Trump Bars Refugees and Citizens of 7 Muslim Countries|last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|last2=Cooper|first2=Helene|date=January 27, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Later, the administration seemed to reverse a portion of part of the order, effectively exempting visitors with a [[Permanent residence (United States)|green card]].<ref name="Shear">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Peter |last=Baker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/29/us/politics/white-house-official-in-reversal-says-green-card-holders-wont-be-barred.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=White House Official, in Reversal, Says Green Card Holders Won't Be Barred |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 29, 2017}}</ref> After the order was challenged in the federal courts, several federal judges issued rulings [[Injunction|enjoining]] the government from enforcing the order.<ref name="Shear" /> Trump [[Dismissals of Sally Yates and Daniel Ragsdale|fired]] acting attorney general [[Sally Yates]] after she said she would not defend the order in court; Yates was replaced by [[Dana Boente]], who said the Department of Justice would defend the order.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/dana-boente-acting-attorney-general/|title=New acting attorney general set for brief tenure|last=Schleifer|first=Theodore|date=January 31, 2017|access-date=January 31, 2017|work=CNN}}</ref> | ||
A [[Executive Order 13780|new executive order]] was signed in March which limited travel to the U.S. from six different countries for 90 days, and by all refugees who do not possess either a visa or valid travel documents for 120 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/06/donald-trump-travel-ban-nigeria-executive-order/|title=Donald Trump's travel ban: President facing new legal threat as FBI investigate 300 refugees for links to Isil|last=Alexander|first=Harriet|date=March 7, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> The new executive order revoked and replaced the executive order issued in January.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/06/politics/trump-new-travel-ban-executive-order-full-text/index.html |title=Trump travel ban: Read the full executive order|date=March 6, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|work= | A [[Executive Order 13780|new executive order]] was signed in March which limited travel to the U.S. from six different countries for 90 days, and by all refugees who do not possess either a visa or valid travel documents for 120 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/06/donald-trump-travel-ban-nigeria-executive-order/|title=Donald Trump's travel ban: President facing new legal threat as FBI investigate 300 refugees for links to Isil|last=Alexander|first=Harriet|date=March 7, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> The new executive order revoked and replaced the executive order issued in January.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/06/politics/trump-new-travel-ban-executive-order-full-text/index.html |title=Trump travel ban: Read the full executive order|date=March 6, 2017|access-date=June 26, 2017|work=CNN}}</ref> | ||
In June, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] partially [[Stay of execution|stayed]] certain injunctions that were put on the order by two federal appeals courts earlier, allowing the executive order to mostly go into effect. In October, the Court dismissed the case, saying the orders had been replaced by a new proclamation, so challenges to the previous executive orders are moot.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/10/10/victory-trump-supreme-court-dismisses-travel-ban-case/752401001/|title=In victory for Trump, Supreme Court dismisses travel ban case|last1=Wolf|first1=Richard|last2=Korte|first2=Gregory|work=[[USA Today]]|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> | In June, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] partially [[Stay of execution|stayed]] certain injunctions that were put on the order by two federal appeals courts earlier, allowing the executive order to mostly go into effect. In October, the Court dismissed the case, saying the orders had been replaced by a new proclamation, so challenges to the previous executive orders are moot.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/10/10/victory-trump-supreme-court-dismisses-travel-ban-case/752401001/|title=In victory for Trump, Supreme Court dismisses travel ban case|last1=Wolf|first1=Richard|last2=Korte|first2=Gregory|work=[[USA Today]]|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> | ||
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In August 2018, ''ProPublica'' reported that three wealthy patrons of Trump's [[Mar-a-Lago]] club, formed an "informal council" that strongly influenced VA policy, including reviewing a confidential $10{{spaces}}billion contract to modernize the VA's records.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.propublica.org/article/ike-perlmutter-bruce-moskowitz-marc-sherman-shadow-rulers-of-the-va|title=The Shadow Rulers of the VA|last=Arnsdorf|first=Isaac|date=August 7, 2018|website=ProPublica|access-date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> The [[Government Accountability Office]] announced in November 2018 that it would investigate the matter.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/26/mar-a-lago-trump-investigation-va-contracts-1015803 |first=Lorraine |last=Woellert |title=Watchdog office to probe Mar-a-Lago members' influence at VA |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 26, 2018}}</ref> | In August 2018, ''ProPublica'' reported that three wealthy patrons of Trump's [[Mar-a-Lago]] club, formed an "informal council" that strongly influenced VA policy, including reviewing a confidential $10{{spaces}}billion contract to modernize the VA's records.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.propublica.org/article/ike-perlmutter-bruce-moskowitz-marc-sherman-shadow-rulers-of-the-va|title=The Shadow Rulers of the VA|last=Arnsdorf|first=Isaac|date=August 7, 2018|website=ProPublica|access-date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> The [[Government Accountability Office]] announced in November 2018 that it would investigate the matter.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/26/mar-a-lago-trump-investigation-va-contracts-1015803 |first=Lorraine |last=Woellert |title=Watchdog office to probe Mar-a-Lago members' influence at VA |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 26, 2018}}</ref> | ||
In 2018, Trump signed into law the VA MISSION Act, which expanded eligibility for the [[Veterans Choice]] program, allowing veterans greater access to private sector healthcare.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Slack |first=Donovan |title=Trump signs VA law to provide veterans more private health care choices. |work=[[USA Today]] |date=June 6, 2018 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/06/trump-signs-law-expanding-vets-healthcare-choices/673906002/ |access-date=March 9, 2021}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted more than 150 times that he created the Veterans Choice program, which has in fact existed since being signed into law by president Obama in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/08/politics/trump-veterans-choice-paula-reid/index.html |date=August 9, 2020 |title=Trump walks out of news conference after reporter asks him about Veterans Choice lie he's told more than 150 times |first=Daniel |last=Dale |website= | In 2018, Trump signed into law the VA MISSION Act, which expanded eligibility for the [[Veterans Choice]] program, allowing veterans greater access to private sector healthcare.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Slack |first=Donovan |title=Trump signs VA law to provide veterans more private health care choices. |work=[[USA Today]] |date=June 6, 2018 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/06/trump-signs-law-expanding-vets-healthcare-choices/673906002/ |access-date=March 9, 2021}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted more than 150 times that he created the Veterans Choice program, which has in fact existed since being signed into law by president Obama in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/08/politics/trump-veterans-choice-paula-reid/index.html |date=August 9, 2020 |title=Trump walks out of news conference after reporter asks him about Veterans Choice lie he's told more than 150 times |first=Daniel |last=Dale |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||access-date=March 7, 2021 |title=Spin, hyperbole and deception: How Trump claimed credit for an Obama veterans achievement|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/23/trump-obama-veterans-choice-act/ |first=Ashley |last=Parker |date=October 23, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | ||
=== Voting rights === | === Voting rights === | ||
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Under the Trump administration, the Justice Department limited enforcement actions to protect [[voting rights]], and in fact often defended restrictions on voting rights imposed by various states that have been challenged as [[Voter suppression in the United States|voter suppression]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Michael|last=Wines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/12/us/voting-rights-voter-id-suppression.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Voting Rights Advocates Used to Have an Ally in the Government. That's Changing.|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name="LevineVoting">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Sam|last=Levine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/23/us-justice-department-voting-rights-2020-election |access-date=November 10, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |title='An embarrassment': Trump's justice department goes quiet on voting rights|date=June 23, 2020}}</ref> The Justice Department under Trump has filed only a single new case under the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref name="LevineVoting" /> Trump's Justice Department opposed minority voters' interests in all of the major voting litigation since 2017 in which the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Justice Department Civil Rights Division]] Voting Section has been involved.<ref name="LevineVoting" /> | Under the Trump administration, the Justice Department limited enforcement actions to protect [[voting rights]], and in fact often defended restrictions on voting rights imposed by various states that have been challenged as [[Voter suppression in the United States|voter suppression]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Michael|last=Wines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/12/us/voting-rights-voter-id-suppression.html |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=Voting Rights Advocates Used to Have an Ally in the Government. That's Changing.|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name="LevineVoting">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Sam|last=Levine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/23/us-justice-department-voting-rights-2020-election |access-date=November 10, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |title='An embarrassment': Trump's justice department goes quiet on voting rights|date=June 23, 2020}}</ref> The Justice Department under Trump has filed only a single new case under the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref name="LevineVoting" /> Trump's Justice Department opposed minority voters' interests in all of the major voting litigation since 2017 in which the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Justice Department Civil Rights Division]] Voting Section has been involved.<ref name="LevineVoting" /> | ||
Trump has repeatedly alleged, without evidence, there was widespread voter fraud.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666018707/trump-scott-spread-claims-of-voter-fraud-as-florida-race-narrows |date=November 9, 2018 |first1=Miles |last1=Parks |first2=Emily |last2=Sullivan |first3=Brian |last3=Naylor |title=As Florida Races Narrow, Trump And Scott Spread Claims of Fraud Without Evidence|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> The administration created a [[Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity|commission]] with the stated purpose to review the extent of voter fraud in the wake of Trump's false claim that millions of unauthorized votes cost him the popular vote in the 2016 election. It was chaired by Vice President Pence, while the day-to-day administrator was [[Kris Kobach]], best known for promoting restrictions on access to voting. The commission began its work by requesting each state to turn over detailed information about all registered voters in their database. Most states rejected the request, citing privacy concerns or state laws.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Liz |last1=Stark |first2=Grace |last2=Hauck |date=July 5, 2017 |work= | Trump has repeatedly alleged, without evidence, there was widespread voter fraud.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666018707/trump-scott-spread-claims-of-voter-fraud-as-florida-race-narrows |date=November 9, 2018 |first1=Miles |last1=Parks |first2=Emily |last2=Sullivan |first3=Brian |last3=Naylor |title=As Florida Races Narrow, Trump And Scott Spread Claims of Fraud Without Evidence|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> The administration created a [[Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity|commission]] with the stated purpose to review the extent of voter fraud in the wake of Trump's false claim that millions of unauthorized votes cost him the popular vote in the 2016 election. It was chaired by Vice President Pence, while the day-to-day administrator was [[Kris Kobach]], best known for promoting restrictions on access to voting. The commission began its work by requesting each state to turn over detailed information about all registered voters in their database. Most states rejected the request, citing privacy concerns or state laws.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Liz |last1=Stark |first2=Grace |last2=Hauck |date=July 5, 2017 |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/03/politics/kris-kobach-letter-voter-fraud-commission-information/index.html |title=Forty-four states and DC have refused to give certain voter information to Trump commission |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> Multiple lawsuits were filed against the commission. [[Maine Secretary of State]] [[Matthew Dunlap]] said Kobach was refusing to share working documents and scheduling information with him and the other Democrats on the commission. A federal judge ordered the commission to hand over the documents.<ref name="Woodward-2018">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.pressherald.com/2018/01/06/trump-administration-resists-turning-over-documents-to-dunlap/ |first=Colin |last=Woodward |title=Trump refuses to release documents to Maine secretary of state despite judge's order|date=January 6, 2018|work=Portland Press Herald|access-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, Trump disbanded the commission, and informed Dunlap that it would not obey the court order to provide the documents because the commission no longer existed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/us/politics/trump-voter-fraud-commission.html|title=Trump Disbands Commission on Voter Fraud|last=Haag|first=Matthew|date=January 3, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 4, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Election integrity experts argued that the commission was disbanded because of the lawsuits, which would have led to greater transparency and accountability and thus prevented the Republican members of the commission from producing a sham report to justify restrictions on voting rights.<ref name="Woodward-2018" /> It was later revealed the commission had, in its requests for Texas voter data, specifically asked for data that identifies voters with Hispanic surnames.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/trump-election-fraud-commission-bought-texas-election-data-flagging-hispanic-voters/2018/01/22/2791934a-fd55-11e7-ad8c-ecbb62019393_story.html|title=Trump voting commission bought Texas election data flagging Hispanic voters|last1=Hsu|first1=Spencer S.|last2=Wagner|first2=John|date=January 22, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 22, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> | ||
=== White nationalists and Charlottesville rally === | === White nationalists and Charlottesville rally === | ||
{{See also|Unite the Right rally|Racial views of Donald Trump}}On August 13, 2017, Trump condemned violence "on many sides" after a gathering of hundreds of [[white nationalists]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], the previous day (August 12) turned deadly. A white supremacist drove a car into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one woman and injuring 19 others. According to Sessions, that action met the definition of [[domestic terrorism]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-white-nationalists-charlottesville-20170814-story.html|title=Emboldened white nationalists say Charlottesville is just the beginning |last=Reeves |first=Jay |date=August 14, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> During the rally there had been other violence, as some counter-protesters charged at the white nationalists with swinging clubs and mace, throwing bottles, rocks, and paint.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Costello |first=Tom |url=https://www.today.com/video/charlottesville-fact-check-were-both-sides-to-blame-for-violence-1025759299536 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Charlottesville Fact Check: Were Both Sides To Blame For Violence? |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today Show]] |date=August 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-40952796 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=What Trump Said Versus What I Saw |work=[[BBC News]] |date=August 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Alexander |first=Harriet |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/15/alt-left-donald-trump-said-violent-charlottesville/ |access-date=August 16, 2017 |title=What is the 'alt Left' that Donald Trump said was 'very violent' in Charlottesville? |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=August 16, 2017 |quote=photos and videos from Saturday's riot does show people dressed in black, their faces covered, engaging the neo-Nazis in violent confrontation.}}</ref> Trump did not expressly mention neo-Nazis, white supremacists, or the [[alt-right]] movement in his remarks on August 13,<ref name="Merica-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/politics/trump-statement-alt-right-protests/index.html |date=August 13, 2017 |title=Trump condemns 'hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides' in Charlottesville |first=Dan |last=Merica |work= | {{See also|Unite the Right rally|Racial views of Donald Trump}}On August 13, 2017, Trump condemned violence "on many sides" after a gathering of hundreds of [[white nationalists]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], the previous day (August 12) turned deadly. A white supremacist drove a car into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one woman and injuring 19 others. According to Sessions, that action met the definition of [[domestic terrorism]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-white-nationalists-charlottesville-20170814-story.html|title=Emboldened white nationalists say Charlottesville is just the beginning |last=Reeves |first=Jay |date=August 14, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> During the rally there had been other violence, as some counter-protesters charged at the white nationalists with swinging clubs and mace, throwing bottles, rocks, and paint.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Costello |first=Tom |url=https://www.today.com/video/charlottesville-fact-check-were-both-sides-to-blame-for-violence-1025759299536 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Charlottesville Fact Check: Were Both Sides To Blame For Violence? |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today Show]] |date=August 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-40952796 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |title=What Trump Said Versus What I Saw |work=[[BBC News]] |date=August 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Alexander |first=Harriet |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/15/alt-left-donald-trump-said-violent-charlottesville/ |access-date=August 16, 2017 |title=What is the 'alt Left' that Donald Trump said was 'very violent' in Charlottesville? |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=August 16, 2017 |quote=photos and videos from Saturday's riot does show people dressed in black, their faces covered, engaging the neo-Nazis in violent confrontation.}}</ref> Trump did not expressly mention neo-Nazis, white supremacists, or the [[alt-right]] movement in his remarks on August 13,<ref name="Merica-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/politics/trump-statement-alt-right-protests/index.html |date=August 13, 2017 |title=Trump condemns 'hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides' in Charlottesville |first=Dan |last=Merica |work=CNN |access-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref> but the following day condemned "the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]], [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]], [[White supremacy|white supremacists]], and other [[hate group]]s".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump decries KKK, neo-Nazi violence in Charlottesville|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/8/14/trump-decries-kkk-neo-nazi-violence-in-charlottesville |date=August 14, 2017|access-date=August 15, 2017|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> On August 15, he again blamed "both sides".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|author2-link=Maggie Haberman|title=Trump Defends Initial Remarks on Charlottesville; Again Blames 'Both Sides'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/trump-press-conference-charlottesville.html|date=August 15, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 15, 2017}}</ref> | ||
Many Republican and Democratic elected officials condemned the violence and hatred of white nationalists, neo-Nazis and alt-right activists. Trump came under criticism from world leaders<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Toosi|first=Nahal|title=World leaders condemn Trump's remarks on neo-Nazis|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/world-leaders-condemn-trumps-remarks-on-neo-nazis/|work=[[Politico]] |access-date=August 17, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> and politicians,<ref name="Thrush-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/12/us/trump-charlottesville-protest-nationalist-riot.html|title=Trump's Remarks on Charlottesville Violence Are Criticized as Insufficient|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|author2-link=Maggie Haberman|date=August 12, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Merica-2017" /> as well as a variety of religious groups<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Pink|first=Aiden|title=Orthodox Rabbinical Group Condemns Trump Over Charlottesville|url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/380204/orthodox-rabbinical-group-condemns-trump-over-charlottesville/ |work=[[The Forward]] |access-date=August 17, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> and anti-hate organizations<ref>{{cite press release |title = ADL Condemns President Trump's Remarks |url = https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/adl-condemns-president-trumps-remarks |publisher = [[Anti-Defamation League]] |access-date = August 17, 2017 |date = August 15, 2017}}</ref> for his remarks, which were seen as muted and equivocal.<ref name="Thrush-2017" /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported Trump "was the only national political figure to spread blame for the 'hatred, bigotry and violence' that resulted in the death of one person to 'many sides'",<ref name="Thrush-2017" /> and said Trump had "buoyed the white nationalist movement on Tuesday as no president has done in generations".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/trump-charlottesville-white-nationalists.html |title=Trump Gives White Supremacists an Unequivocal Boost|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|author2-link=Maggie Haberman|date=August 15, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> | Many Republican and Democratic elected officials condemned the violence and hatred of white nationalists, neo-Nazis and alt-right activists. Trump came under criticism from world leaders<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Toosi|first=Nahal|title=World leaders condemn Trump's remarks on neo-Nazis|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/world-leaders-condemn-trumps-remarks-on-neo-nazis/|work=[[Politico]] |access-date=August 17, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> and politicians,<ref name="Thrush-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/12/us/trump-charlottesville-protest-nationalist-riot.html|title=Trump's Remarks on Charlottesville Violence Are Criticized as Insufficient|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|author2-link=Maggie Haberman|date=August 12, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Merica-2017" /> as well as a variety of religious groups<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Pink|first=Aiden|title=Orthodox Rabbinical Group Condemns Trump Over Charlottesville|url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/380204/orthodox-rabbinical-group-condemns-trump-over-charlottesville/ |work=[[The Forward]] |access-date=August 17, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> and anti-hate organizations<ref>{{cite press release |title = ADL Condemns President Trump's Remarks |url = https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/adl-condemns-president-trumps-remarks |publisher = [[Anti-Defamation League]] |access-date = August 17, 2017 |date = August 15, 2017}}</ref> for his remarks, which were seen as muted and equivocal.<ref name="Thrush-2017" /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported Trump "was the only national political figure to spread blame for the 'hatred, bigotry and violence' that resulted in the death of one person to 'many sides'",<ref name="Thrush-2017" /> and said Trump had "buoyed the white nationalist movement on Tuesday as no president has done in generations".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/trump-charlottesville-white-nationalists.html |title=Trump Gives White Supremacists an Unequivocal Boost|last1=Thrush|first1=Glenn|author1-link=Glenn Thrush|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|author2-link=Maggie Haberman|date=August 15, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> | ||
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{{Main|North Korea–United States relations}} | {{Main|North Korea–United States relations}} | ||
{{See also|2017–2018 North Korea crisis|2018–19 Korean peace process}} | {{See also|2017–2018 North Korea crisis|2018–19 Korean peace process}} | ||
After initially adopting a verbally hostile posture<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Clark|first=Dartunorro|date=May 10, 2018|title=Trump says he will hold summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Singapore on June 12|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-north-korea-leader-kim-jong-un-will-meet-singapore-n872966|url-status=live|work=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614135459/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-north-korea-leader-kim-jong-un-will-meet-singapore-n872966|archive-date=June 14, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|quote=Trump promising "fire and fury" towards the "little rocket man".}}</ref> toward [[North Korea]] and its leader, [[Kim Jong Un]], Trump quickly pivoted to embrace the regime, saying he and Kim "fell in love".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-45696420 |access-date=November 9, 2021 |date=September 30, 2018 |title=Trump on Kim Jong-un: 'We fell in love'|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Trump engaged Kim by meeting him at two summits, [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|in June 2018]] and [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|February 2019]], an unprecedented move by an American president, as previous policy had been that a president's simply meeting with the North Korean leader would legitimize the regime on the world stage. During the June 2018 summit, the leaders signed a vague agreement to pursue denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, with Trump immediately declaring "There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/13/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat/index.html |date=June 13, 2018 |title=Trump declares North Korea 'no longer a nuclear threat' |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Stephen |last2=Collinson |website= | After initially adopting a verbally hostile posture<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Clark|first=Dartunorro|date=May 10, 2018|title=Trump says he will hold summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Singapore on June 12|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-north-korea-leader-kim-jong-un-will-meet-singapore-n872966|url-status=live|work=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614135459/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-north-korea-leader-kim-jong-un-will-meet-singapore-n872966|archive-date=June 14, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|quote=Trump promising "fire and fury" towards the "little rocket man".}}</ref> toward [[North Korea]] and its leader, [[Kim Jong Un]], Trump quickly pivoted to embrace the regime, saying he and Kim "fell in love".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-45696420 |access-date=November 9, 2021 |date=September 30, 2018 |title=Trump on Kim Jong-un: 'We fell in love'|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Trump engaged Kim by meeting him at two summits, [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|in June 2018]] and [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|February 2019]], an unprecedented move by an American president, as previous policy had been that a president's simply meeting with the North Korean leader would legitimize the regime on the world stage. During the June 2018 summit, the leaders signed a vague agreement to pursue denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, with Trump immediately declaring "There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/13/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat/index.html |date=June 13, 2018 |title=Trump declares North Korea 'no longer a nuclear threat' |first1=Veronica |last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Stephen |last2=Collinson |website=CNN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608125827/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/13/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat/index.html |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |access-date=November 11, 2021}}</ref> Little progress was made toward that goal during the months before the February 2019 summit, which ended abruptly without an agreement, hours after the White House announced a signing ceremony was imminent.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/27/trump-schedules-joint-agreement-signing-ceremony-with-north-korean-dictator-kim-jong-un.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Trump schedules joint agreement signing ceremony with North Korea's Kim|first=Carmin|last=Chappell|date=February 27, 2019|website=[[CNBC|cnbc.com]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228115237/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/27/trump-schedules-joint-agreement-signing-ceremony-with-north-korean-dictator-kim-jong-un.html|archive-date=February 28, 2019}}</ref> During the months between the summits, a growing body of evidence indicated North Korea was continuing its nuclear fuel, bomb and missile development, including by redeveloping an [[ICBM]] site it was previously appearing to dismantle{{snd}}even while the second summit was underway.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/trump-north-korea-nuclear.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=North Korea's Trump-Era Strategy: Keep Making A-Bombs, but Quietly|first=David E.|last=Sanger|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/north-korea-missile-bases.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=In North Korea, Missile Bases Suggest a Great Deception|first1=David E.|last1=Sanger|first2=William J.|last2=Broad|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/world/asia/north-korea-missile-site.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=North Korea Has Started Rebuilding Key Missile-Test Facilities, Analysts Say|first=Choe|last=Sang-Hun|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korea-completes-work-on-missile-facility-images-show-11551967478 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=U.S. Seeks Access to North Korean Missile Base|first=Michael R.|last=Gordon|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=March 7, 2019}}</ref> In the aftermath of the February 2019 failed summit, the Treasury department imposed additional sanctions on North Korea. The following day, Trump tweeted, "It was announced today by the U.S. Treasury that additional large scale Sanctions would be added to those already existing Sanctions on North Korea. I have today ordered the withdrawal of those additional Sanctions!"<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/world/asia/north-korea-sanctions.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Trump Reverses North Korea Sanctions That U.S. Imposed Yesterday|first=Alan|last=Rappeport|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On December 31, 2019, the [[Korean Central News Agency]] announced that Kim had abandoned his moratoriums on nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile tests, quoting Kim as saying, "the world will witness a new strategic weapon to be possessed by the DPRK in the near future."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/31/world/asia/north-korea-kim-speech.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=North Korea Is No Longer Bound by Nuclear Test Moratorium, Kim Says|first=Choe|last=Sang-Hun |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://news.yahoo.com/kim-jong-un-north-korea-ending-test-moratoriums-221240994.html |agency=AFP |access-date=November 8, 2021 |date=December 31, 2019 |title=Kim Jong Un: North Korea ending test moratoriums|website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Two years after the Singapore summit, the North Korean nuclear arsenal had significantly expanded.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/world/asia/korea-nuclear-trump-kim.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Two Years After Trump-Kim Meeting, Little to Show for Personal Diplomacy |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |first2=Choe |last2=Sang-Hun |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/24/world/asia/kim-jong-un-nuclear-north-korea.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Kim Jong-un Moves to Increase North Korea's Nuclear Strength |first=Choe |last=Sang-Hun |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 16, 2020}}</ref> | ||
During a [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|June 2019 visit to South Korea]], Trump visited the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]] and invited North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to meet him there, which he did, and Trump became the first sitting president to step inside North Korea.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/world/asia/trump-north-korea-dmz.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Trump Steps Into North Korea and Agrees With Kim Jong-un to Resume Talks|first1=Peter|last1=Baker|first2=Michael|last2=Crowley|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 30, 2019}}</ref>{{efn|Trump later falsely asserted, "President Obama wanted to meet and chairman Kim would not meet him. The Obama administration was begging for a meeting."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/07/02/no-obama-didnt-beg-kim-jong-un-meeting/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |first=Salvador |last=Rizzo |title=No, Obama didn't beg Kim Jong Un for a meeting|date=July 2, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>}} | During a [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|June 2019 visit to South Korea]], Trump visited the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]] and invited North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to meet him there, which he did, and Trump became the first sitting president to step inside North Korea.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/world/asia/trump-north-korea-dmz.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Trump Steps Into North Korea and Agrees With Kim Jong-un to Resume Talks|first1=Peter|last1=Baker|first2=Michael|last2=Crowley|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 30, 2019}}</ref>{{efn|Trump later falsely asserted, "President Obama wanted to meet and chairman Kim would not meet him. The Obama administration was begging for a meeting."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/07/02/no-obama-didnt-beg-kim-jong-un-meeting/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |first=Salvador |last=Rizzo |title=No, Obama didn't beg Kim Jong Un for a meeting|date=July 2, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>}} | ||
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American intelligence sources found the [[Government of Russia|Russian government]] [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|attempted to intervene]] in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=U.S. government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Ellen|last=Nakashima|date=October 7, 2016|access-date=January 25, 2017|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-government-officially-accuses-russia-of-hacking-campaign-to-influence-elections/2016/10/07/4e0b9654-8cbf-11e6-875e-2c1bfe943b66_story.html}}</ref> and that members of Trump's campaign were in contact with Russian government officials both before and after the election.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Schmidt|first1=Michael S.|author1-link=Michael S. Schmidt|last2=Mazzetti|first2=Mark|author2-link=Mark Mazzetti|last3=Apuzzo|first3=Matt|author3-link=Matt Apuzzo|title=Trump Campaign Aides Had Repeated Contacts With Russian Intelligence|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/14/us/politics/russia-intelligence-communications-trump.html |access-date=November 13, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> In May 2017, the Department of Justice appointed [[Robert Mueller]] as special counsel to [[Mueller special counsel investigation|investigate]] "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel|last=Rosenstein|first=Rod|author-link=Rod Rosenstein|date=May 17, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url-status=live|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518015032/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> | American intelligence sources found the [[Government of Russia|Russian government]] [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|attempted to intervene]] in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=U.S. government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Ellen|last=Nakashima|date=October 7, 2016|access-date=January 25, 2017|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-government-officially-accuses-russia-of-hacking-campaign-to-influence-elections/2016/10/07/4e0b9654-8cbf-11e6-875e-2c1bfe943b66_story.html}}</ref> and that members of Trump's campaign were in contact with Russian government officials both before and after the election.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Schmidt|first1=Michael S.|author1-link=Michael S. Schmidt|last2=Mazzetti|first2=Mark|author2-link=Mark Mazzetti|last3=Apuzzo|first3=Matt|author3-link=Matt Apuzzo|title=Trump Campaign Aides Had Repeated Contacts With Russian Intelligence|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/14/us/politics/russia-intelligence-communications-trump.html |access-date=November 13, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> In May 2017, the Department of Justice appointed [[Robert Mueller]] as special counsel to [[Mueller special counsel investigation|investigate]] "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel|last=Rosenstein|first=Rod|author-link=Rod Rosenstein|date=May 17, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url-status=live|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518015032/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> | ||
During his January 2017 confirmation hearings as the attorney general nominee before the Senate, then-Senator Jeff Sessions appeared to deliberately omit two meetings he had in 2016 with Russian ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]], when asked if he had meetings involving the 2016 election with Russian government officials. Sessions later amended his testimony saying he "never met with any Russian officials to discuss issues of the campaign".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Entous|first1=Adam|last2=Nakashima|first2=Ellen|last3=Miller|first3=Greg|date=March 1, 2017|title=Sessions met with Russian envoy twice last year, encounters he later did not disclose|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html|access-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> Following his amended statement, Sessions recused himself from any investigation regarding connections between Trump and Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Jarrett|first=Laura|title=Sessions recusal: What's next?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/02/politics/special-counsel-jeff-sessions-recusal/|access-date=March 7, 2017|work= | During his January 2017 confirmation hearings as the attorney general nominee before the Senate, then-Senator Jeff Sessions appeared to deliberately omit two meetings he had in 2016 with Russian ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]], when asked if he had meetings involving the 2016 election with Russian government officials. Sessions later amended his testimony saying he "never met with any Russian officials to discuss issues of the campaign".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Entous|first1=Adam|last2=Nakashima|first2=Ellen|last3=Miller|first3=Greg|date=March 1, 2017|title=Sessions met with Russian envoy twice last year, encounters he later did not disclose|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-spoke-twice-with-russian-ambassador-during-trumps-presidential-campaign-justice-officials-say/2017/03/01/77205eda-feac-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html|access-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> Following his amended statement, Sessions recused himself from any investigation regarding connections between Trump and Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Jarrett|first=Laura|title=Sessions recusal: What's next?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/03/02/politics/special-counsel-jeff-sessions-recusal/|access-date=March 7, 2017|work=CNN|date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> | ||
In May 2017, Trump discussed [[Donald Trump revelation of classified information to Russia|highly classified intelligence]] in an [[Oval Office]] meeting with the Russian foreign minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] and ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]], providing details that could expose the source of the information and how it was collected.<ref name="NYRosenberg">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Rosenberg|first1=Matthew|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|title=Trump Revealed Highly Classified Intelligence to Russia, in Break With Ally, Officials Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/us/politics/trump-russia-classified-information-isis.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 15, 2017|date=May 15, 2017|archive-date=May 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515224247/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/us/politics/trump-russia-classified-information-isis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Middle Eastern ally{{efn|Revealed to be Israel the day after publication in the press.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/world/middleeast/israel-trump-classified-intelligence-russia.html?_r=0 |title=Israel Said to Be Source of Secret Intelligence Trump Gave to Russians |last1=Goldman |first1=Adam |date=May 16, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Matthew |last3=Apuzzo |first3=Matt |last4=Schmitt |first4=Eric |author-link=Adam Goldman |author-link2=Matthew Rosenberg |author-link3=Matt Apuzzo |author-link4=Eric P. Schmitt |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517045515/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/world/middleeast/israel-trump-classified-intelligence-russia.html?_r=0}}</ref>}} provided the intelligence which had the highest level of classification and was not intended to be shared widely.<ref name="NYRosenberg" /> ''The New York Times'' reported, "sharing the information without the express permission of the ally who provided it was a major breach of espionage etiquette, and could jeopardize a crucial [[Intelligence sharing|intelligence-sharing]] relationship."<ref name="NYRosenberg" /> The White House, through [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[H. R. McMaster]], issued a limited denial, saying the story "as reported" was incorrect<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Jack |last1=Goldsmith |author-link=Jack Goldsmith |first2=Susan |last2=Hennessey |first3=Quinta |last3=Jurecic |first4=Matthew |last4=Kahn |first5=Benjamin |last5=Wittes |author-link5=Benjamin Wittes |first6=Elishe Julian |last6=Wittes |url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/bombshell-initial-thoughts-washington-posts-game-changing-story |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=Bombshell: Initial Thoughts on the Washington Post's Game-Changing Story |work=[[Lawfare (website)|Lawfare]] |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> and that no "intelligence sources or methods" were discussed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Mason |first1=Jeff |last2=Zengerle |first2=Patricia |title=Trump revealed intelligence secrets to Russians in Oval Office: officials |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-idUSKCN18B2MX |access-date=November 13, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]]|date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> McMaster did not deny that information had been disclosed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Aaron |last=Blake |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/05/15/the-white-house-isnt-denying-that-trump-gave-russia-classified-information-not-really/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=The White House isn't denying that Trump gave Russia classified information{{snd}}not really |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> The following day Trump said on Twitter that Russia is an important ally against terrorism and that he had an "absolute right" to share classified information with Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/333550-trump-i-had-absolute-right-to-share-facts-with-russia |title=Trump: I have 'absolute right' to share facts with Russia |last=Savransky |first=Rebecca |date=May 16, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> Soon after the meeting, American intelligence extracted a high-level covert source from within the Russian government, on concerns the individual could be at risk due, in part, to Trump and his administration repeatedly mishandling classified intelligence.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/09/politics/russia-us-spy-extracted/index.html|title=US extracted top spy from inside Russia in 2017 |first=Jim |last=Sciutto |access-date=November 13, 2021 |website= | In May 2017, Trump discussed [[Donald Trump revelation of classified information to Russia|highly classified intelligence]] in an [[Oval Office]] meeting with the Russian foreign minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] and ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]], providing details that could expose the source of the information and how it was collected.<ref name="NYRosenberg">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Rosenberg|first1=Matthew|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|title=Trump Revealed Highly Classified Intelligence to Russia, in Break With Ally, Officials Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/us/politics/trump-russia-classified-information-isis.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 15, 2017|date=May 15, 2017|archive-date=May 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515224247/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/us/politics/trump-russia-classified-information-isis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Middle Eastern ally{{efn|Revealed to be Israel the day after publication in the press.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/world/middleeast/israel-trump-classified-intelligence-russia.html?_r=0 |title=Israel Said to Be Source of Secret Intelligence Trump Gave to Russians |last1=Goldman |first1=Adam |date=May 16, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Matthew |last3=Apuzzo |first3=Matt |last4=Schmitt |first4=Eric |author-link=Adam Goldman |author-link2=Matthew Rosenberg |author-link3=Matt Apuzzo |author-link4=Eric P. Schmitt |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517045515/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/world/middleeast/israel-trump-classified-intelligence-russia.html?_r=0}}</ref>}} provided the intelligence which had the highest level of classification and was not intended to be shared widely.<ref name="NYRosenberg" /> ''The New York Times'' reported, "sharing the information without the express permission of the ally who provided it was a major breach of espionage etiquette, and could jeopardize a crucial [[Intelligence sharing|intelligence-sharing]] relationship."<ref name="NYRosenberg" /> The White House, through [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[H. R. McMaster]], issued a limited denial, saying the story "as reported" was incorrect<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Jack |last1=Goldsmith |author-link=Jack Goldsmith |first2=Susan |last2=Hennessey |first3=Quinta |last3=Jurecic |first4=Matthew |last4=Kahn |first5=Benjamin |last5=Wittes |author-link5=Benjamin Wittes |first6=Elishe Julian |last6=Wittes |url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/bombshell-initial-thoughts-washington-posts-game-changing-story |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=Bombshell: Initial Thoughts on the Washington Post's Game-Changing Story |work=[[Lawfare (website)|Lawfare]] |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> and that no "intelligence sources or methods" were discussed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Mason |first1=Jeff |last2=Zengerle |first2=Patricia |title=Trump revealed intelligence secrets to Russians in Oval Office: officials |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-idUSKCN18B2MX |access-date=November 13, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]]|date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> McMaster did not deny that information had been disclosed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Aaron |last=Blake |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/05/15/the-white-house-isnt-denying-that-trump-gave-russia-classified-information-not-really/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=The White House isn't denying that Trump gave Russia classified information{{snd}}not really |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> The following day Trump said on Twitter that Russia is an important ally against terrorism and that he had an "absolute right" to share classified information with Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/333550-trump-i-had-absolute-right-to-share-facts-with-russia |title=Trump: I have 'absolute right' to share facts with Russia |last=Savransky |first=Rebecca |date=May 16, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> Soon after the meeting, American intelligence extracted a high-level covert source from within the Russian government, on concerns the individual could be at risk due, in part, to Trump and his administration repeatedly mishandling classified intelligence.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/09/politics/russia-us-spy-extracted/index.html|title=US extracted top spy from inside Russia in 2017 |first=Jim |last=Sciutto |access-date=November 13, 2021 |website=CNN|date=September 9, 2019}}</ref> | ||
In October 2017, former Trump campaign advisor [[George Papadopoulos]] pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to the FBI regarding his contacts with Russian agents. During the campaign he had tried repeatedly but unsuccessfully to set up meetings in Russia between Trump campaign representatives and Russian officials.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Matt|last1=Apuzzo|author1-link=Matt Apuzzo|first2=Michael S.|last2=Schmidt|author2-link=Michael S. Schmidt|title=Trump Campaign Adviser Met With Russian to Discuss 'Dirt' on Clinton|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 30, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/us/politics/george-papadopoulos-russia.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref> | In October 2017, former Trump campaign advisor [[George Papadopoulos]] pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to the FBI regarding his contacts with Russian agents. During the campaign he had tried repeatedly but unsuccessfully to set up meetings in Russia between Trump campaign representatives and Russian officials.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Matt|last1=Apuzzo|author1-link=Matt Apuzzo|first2=Michael S.|last2=Schmidt|author2-link=Michael S. Schmidt|title=Trump Campaign Adviser Met With Russian to Discuss 'Dirt' on Clinton|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 30, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/us/politics/george-papadopoulos-russia.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref> | ||
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Trump went to great lengths to keep details of his private conversations with Russian president [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]] secret, including in one case by retaining his interpreter's notes and instructing the linguist to not share the contents of the discussions with anyone in the administration. As a result, there were no detailed records, even in classified files, of Trump's conversations with Putin on five occasions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-concealed-details-of-his-face-to-face-encounters-with-putin-from-senior-officials-in-administration/2019/01/12/65f6686c-1434-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title=Trump has concealed details of his face-to-face encounters with Putin from senior officials in administration |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Miller |first=Greg |date=January 13, 2019|access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Samuels |first=Brett |date=January 29, 2019 |title=Trump, Putin talked at G20 without US translator, note-taker: report |access-date=November 13, 2021 |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/427505-trump-putin-talked-at-g20-without-us-translator-note-taker-report |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> | Trump went to great lengths to keep details of his private conversations with Russian president [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]] secret, including in one case by retaining his interpreter's notes and instructing the linguist to not share the contents of the discussions with anyone in the administration. As a result, there were no detailed records, even in classified files, of Trump's conversations with Putin on five occasions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-concealed-details-of-his-face-to-face-encounters-with-putin-from-senior-officials-in-administration/2019/01/12/65f6686c-1434-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title=Trump has concealed details of his face-to-face encounters with Putin from senior officials in administration |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Miller |first=Greg |date=January 13, 2019|access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Samuels |first=Brett |date=January 29, 2019 |title=Trump, Putin talked at G20 without US translator, note-taker: report |access-date=November 13, 2021 |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/427505-trump-putin-talked-at-g20-without-us-translator-note-taker-report |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> | ||
Of Trump's campaign advisors and staff, six of them were indicted by the special counsel's office; five of them ([[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], [[Michael Flynn]], [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], [[Paul Manafort]], [[George Papadopoulos]]) pleaded guilty, while one has pleaded not guilty ([[Roger Stone]]).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Yourish|first1=Karen|last2=Buchanan|first2=Larry|last3=Parlapiano|first3=Alicia|title=Everyone Who's Been Charged in Investigations Related to the 2016 Election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/21/us/mueller-trump-charges.html |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 23, 2019|date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> As of December 2020, Stone, Papadopoulos, Manafort, and Flynn have been pardoned by Trump, but not Cohen or Gates.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brown |first=Pamela |title=Trump issues 26 new pardons, including for Stone, Manafort and Charles Kushner |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/23/politics/trump-pardons-stone-manafort-kushner/index.html |date=December 24, 2020 |website= | Of Trump's campaign advisors and staff, six of them were indicted by the special counsel's office; five of them ([[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], [[Michael Flynn]], [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], [[Paul Manafort]], [[George Papadopoulos]]) pleaded guilty, while one has pleaded not guilty ([[Roger Stone]]).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Yourish|first1=Karen|last2=Buchanan|first2=Larry|last3=Parlapiano|first3=Alicia|title=Everyone Who's Been Charged in Investigations Related to the 2016 Election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/21/us/mueller-trump-charges.html |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 23, 2019|date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> As of December 2020, Stone, Papadopoulos, Manafort, and Flynn have been pardoned by Trump, but not Cohen or Gates.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brown |first=Pamela |title=Trump issues 26 new pardons, including for Stone, Manafort and Charles Kushner |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/23/politics/trump-pardons-stone-manafort-kushner/index.html |date=December 24, 2020 |website=CNN |access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref> | ||
On June 12, 2019, Trump asserted he saw nothing wrong in accepting intelligence on his political adversaries from foreign powers, such as Russia, and he could see no reason to contact the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] about it. Responding to a reporter who told him FBI director [[Christopher A. Wray|Christopher Wray]] had said such activities should be reported to the FBI, Trump said, "the FBI director is wrong." Trump elaborated, "there's nothing wrong with listening. If somebody called from a country, Norway, 'we have information on your opponent'{{snd}}oh, I think I'd want to hear it." Both Democrats and Republicans repudiated the remarks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Baker |first=Peter |date=June 12, 2019 |title=Trump Says 'I'd Take It' if Russia Again Offered Dirt on Opponent |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/us/politics/trump-russia-fbi.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Baker|first1=Peter|last2=Fandos|first2=Nicholas|date=June 13, 2019|title=Trump Assailed for Saying He Would Take Campaign Help From Russia|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/us/politics/trump-russia-campaign-help.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Everett|first1=Burgess|last2=Levine|first2=Marianne|title=Republicans lash Trump for being open to foreign oppo|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/13/republicans-trump-foreign-interference-remarks-1364220 |date=June 13, 2019 |access-date=November 8, 2021 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title='Absolutely unprecedented': Trump upends long-held views with openness to foreign assistance|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/absolutely-unprecedented-trump-upends-long-held-views-with-openness-to-foreign-assistance/2019/06/13/13f94f66-8df6-11e9-b08e-cfd89bd36d4e_story.html |first1=Rosalind S. |last1=Helderman |first2=Tom |last2=Hamburger |first3=Josh |last3=Dawsey |date=June 13, 2019 |access-date=November 8, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | On June 12, 2019, Trump asserted he saw nothing wrong in accepting intelligence on his political adversaries from foreign powers, such as Russia, and he could see no reason to contact the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] about it. Responding to a reporter who told him FBI director [[Christopher A. Wray|Christopher Wray]] had said such activities should be reported to the FBI, Trump said, "the FBI director is wrong." Trump elaborated, "there's nothing wrong with listening. If somebody called from a country, Norway, 'we have information on your opponent'{{snd}}oh, I think I'd want to hear it." Both Democrats and Republicans repudiated the remarks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Baker |first=Peter |date=June 12, 2019 |title=Trump Says 'I'd Take It' if Russia Again Offered Dirt on Opponent |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/us/politics/trump-russia-fbi.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Baker|first1=Peter|last2=Fandos|first2=Nicholas|date=June 13, 2019|title=Trump Assailed for Saying He Would Take Campaign Help From Russia|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/us/politics/trump-russia-campaign-help.html |access-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Everett|first1=Burgess|last2=Levine|first2=Marianne|title=Republicans lash Trump for being open to foreign oppo|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/13/republicans-trump-foreign-interference-remarks-1364220 |date=June 13, 2019 |access-date=November 8, 2021 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title='Absolutely unprecedented': Trump upends long-held views with openness to foreign assistance|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/absolutely-unprecedented-trump-upends-long-held-views-with-openness-to-foreign-assistance/2019/06/13/13f94f66-8df6-11e9-b08e-cfd89bd36d4e_story.html |first1=Rosalind S. |last1=Helderman |first2=Tom |last2=Hamburger |first3=Josh |last3=Dawsey |date=June 13, 2019 |access-date=November 8, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> | ||
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Trump's presidency was marked by significant public concern about [[conflict of interest]] stemming from his diverse business ventures. In the lead up to his inauguration, Trump promised to remove himself from the day-to-day operations of his businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/politics/trump-press-conference-transcript.html|title=Donald Trump's News Conference: Full Transcript and Video|date=January 11, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Trump placed his sons [[Eric Trump]] and [[Donald Trump Jr.]] at the head of his businesses claiming they would not communicate with him regarding his interests. However, critics noted that this would not prevent him from having input into his businesses and knowing how to benefit himself, and Trump continued to receive quarterly updates on his businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/24/eric-trump-business-conflicts-of-interest|title=Eric Trump says he will keep father updated on business despite 'pact'|first=Alan|last=Yuhas|date=March 24, 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> As his presidency progressed, he failed to take steps or show interest in further distancing himself from his business interests resulting in numerous potential conflicts.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |date=August 9, 2017 |title=Donald Trump's Conflicts of Interest: A Crib Sheet|first=Jeremy|last=Venook |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Ethics experts found Trump's plan to address conflicts of interest between his position as president and his private business interests to be entirely inadequate.<ref name="YourishBuchanan">{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Karen |last1=Yourish |first2=Larry |last2=Buchanan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/12/us/politics/ethics-experts-trumps-conflicts-of-interest.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=It 'Falls Short in Every Respect': Ethics Experts Pan Trump's Conflicts Plan |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Unlike every other president in the last 40 years, Trump did not put his business interests in a [[blind trust]] or equivalent arrangement "to cleanly sever himself from his business interests".<ref name="YourishBuchanan" /> In January 2018, a year into his presidency, Trump owned stakes in hundreds of businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump Ethics Monitor: Has The President Kept His Promises?|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/02/17/513724796/trump-ethics-monitor-has-the-president-kept-his-promises|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2018|last1=Selyukh|first1=Alina|last2=Sullivan|first2=Emily|last3=Maffei|first3=Lucia}}</ref> [[Anne Applebaum]] noted how Trump properties, including Trump Tower, has been used for [[Money laundering|laundering money]] by [[Kleptocracy|kleptocrats]] around the world (though there is no evidence Trump knew that was going on) and that two-thirds of the sales in Trump-owned properties went to anonymous buyers in 2017, raising potential [[Conflict of interest|conflicts-of-interest]] with a sitting president of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Applebaum |first=Anne |date=August 30, 2024 |title=The kleptocrats aren't just stealing money. They're stealing democracy |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0876ef7a-bf88-463e-b8ca-bd9b4a11665c |work=Financial Times}}</ref> | Trump's presidency was marked by significant public concern about [[conflict of interest]] stemming from his diverse business ventures. In the lead up to his inauguration, Trump promised to remove himself from the day-to-day operations of his businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/politics/trump-press-conference-transcript.html|title=Donald Trump's News Conference: Full Transcript and Video|date=January 11, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Trump placed his sons [[Eric Trump]] and [[Donald Trump Jr.]] at the head of his businesses claiming they would not communicate with him regarding his interests. However, critics noted that this would not prevent him from having input into his businesses and knowing how to benefit himself, and Trump continued to receive quarterly updates on his businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/24/eric-trump-business-conflicts-of-interest|title=Eric Trump says he will keep father updated on business despite 'pact'|first=Alan|last=Yuhas|date=March 24, 2017|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> As his presidency progressed, he failed to take steps or show interest in further distancing himself from his business interests resulting in numerous potential conflicts.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |date=August 9, 2017 |title=Donald Trump's Conflicts of Interest: A Crib Sheet|first=Jeremy|last=Venook |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> Ethics experts found Trump's plan to address conflicts of interest between his position as president and his private business interests to be entirely inadequate.<ref name="YourishBuchanan">{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Karen |last1=Yourish |first2=Larry |last2=Buchanan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/12/us/politics/ethics-experts-trumps-conflicts-of-interest.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=It 'Falls Short in Every Respect': Ethics Experts Pan Trump's Conflicts Plan |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Unlike every other president in the last 40 years, Trump did not put his business interests in a [[blind trust]] or equivalent arrangement "to cleanly sever himself from his business interests".<ref name="YourishBuchanan" /> In January 2018, a year into his presidency, Trump owned stakes in hundreds of businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump Ethics Monitor: Has The President Kept His Promises?|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/02/17/513724796/trump-ethics-monitor-has-the-president-kept-his-promises|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2018|last1=Selyukh|first1=Alina|last2=Sullivan|first2=Emily|last3=Maffei|first3=Lucia}}</ref> [[Anne Applebaum]] noted how Trump properties, including Trump Tower, has been used for [[Money laundering|laundering money]] by [[Kleptocracy|kleptocrats]] around the world (though there is no evidence Trump knew that was going on) and that two-thirds of the sales in Trump-owned properties went to anonymous buyers in 2017, raising potential [[Conflict of interest|conflicts-of-interest]] with a sitting president of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Applebaum |first=Anne |date=August 30, 2024 |title=The kleptocrats aren't just stealing money. They're stealing democracy |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0876ef7a-bf88-463e-b8ca-bd9b4a11665c |work=Financial Times}}</ref> | ||
After Trump took office, the [[watchdog group]] [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]], represented by a number of constitutional scholars, sued him<ref name="Riback">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/23/why-trumps-business-conflicts-cant-and-wont-just-be-swept-aside-commentary.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Why Trump's business conflicts can't – and won't – just be swept aside|first=Chris|last=Riback|date=January 23, 2017|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> for violations of the [[Foreign Emoluments Clause]] (a [[United States Constitution|constitutional]] provision that bars the president or any other federal official from taking gifts or payments from foreign governments), because his hotels and other businesses accept payment from foreign governments.<ref name="Riback" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/liberal-watchdog-group-sues-trump-alleging-he-violated-constitutional-ban/2017/01/22/5e8b35c2-e113-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |access-date=November 7, 2021|title=Liberal watchdog group sues Trump, alleging he violated constitutional ban|first1=David A.|last1=Fahrenthold|author1-link=David Fahrenthold|first2=Jonathan|last2=O'Connell|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=David A.|last1=Fahrenthold|author1-link=David Fahrenthold|first2=Jonathan|last2=O'Connell|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/what-is-the-emoluments-clause-does-it-apply-to-president-trump/2017/01/23/12aa7808-e185-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=What is the 'Emoluments Clause'? Does it apply to President Trump?|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> CREW separately filed a complaint with the [[General Services Administration]] (GSA) over [[Trump International Hotel Washington, D.C.]]; the 2013 lease that Trump and the GSA signed "explicitly forbids any elected government official from holding the lease or benefiting from it".<ref name="Horowitz">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Julia |last=Horowitz |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/20/news/trump-conflicts-inauguration/ |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=President Trump hit immediately with ethics complaint |work= | After Trump took office, the [[watchdog group]] [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]], represented by a number of constitutional scholars, sued him<ref name="Riback">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/23/why-trumps-business-conflicts-cant-and-wont-just-be-swept-aside-commentary.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Why Trump's business conflicts can't – and won't – just be swept aside|first=Chris|last=Riback|date=January 23, 2017|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> for violations of the [[Foreign Emoluments Clause]] (a [[United States Constitution|constitutional]] provision that bars the president or any other federal official from taking gifts or payments from foreign governments), because his hotels and other businesses accept payment from foreign governments.<ref name="Riback" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/liberal-watchdog-group-sues-trump-alleging-he-violated-constitutional-ban/2017/01/22/5e8b35c2-e113-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |access-date=November 7, 2021|title=Liberal watchdog group sues Trump, alleging he violated constitutional ban|first1=David A.|last1=Fahrenthold|author1-link=David Fahrenthold|first2=Jonathan|last2=O'Connell|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=David A.|last1=Fahrenthold|author1-link=David Fahrenthold|first2=Jonathan|last2=O'Connell|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/what-is-the-emoluments-clause-does-it-apply-to-president-trump/2017/01/23/12aa7808-e185-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=What is the 'Emoluments Clause'? Does it apply to President Trump?|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> CREW separately filed a complaint with the [[General Services Administration]] (GSA) over [[Trump International Hotel Washington, D.C.]]; the 2013 lease that Trump and the GSA signed "explicitly forbids any elected government official from holding the lease or benefiting from it".<ref name="Horowitz">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Julia |last=Horowitz |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/20/news/trump-conflicts-inauguration/ |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=President Trump hit immediately with ethics complaint |work=CNN |date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> The GSA said it was "reviewing the situation".<ref name="Horowitz" /> By May 2017, the ''[[CREW v. Trump]]'' lawsuit had grown with additional plaintiffs and alleged violations of the [[Domestic Emoluments Clause]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/us/politics/trump-crew-lawsuit-constitution.html |title=Watchdog Group Expands Lawsuit Against Trump |date=April 18, 2017|last=LaFraniere|first=Sharon |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 11, 2017}}</ref> In June 2017, attorneys from the Department of Justice filed a motion to dismiss the case on the grounds that the plaintiffs had no right to sue<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/09/532302106/trump-administration-calls-for-lawsuit-about-his-businesses-to-be-dismissed|title=Trump Administration Calls For Lawsuit About His Businesses To Be Dismissed|first=Marilyn|last=Geewax|date=June 9, 2017|access-date=June 10, 2017|work=[[NPR]]}}</ref> and that the described conduct was not illegal.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-emoluments-foreign-government-payments-2017-6 |title=Justice Department argues it's fine for Trump to take payments from foreign governments, citing George Washington |website=Business Insider |date=June 10, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith}}</ref> Also in June 2017, two more lawsuits were filed based on the [[Foreign Emoluments Clause]]: ''[[D.C. and Maryland v. Trump]]'',<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=LaFrainere|first=Sharon|title=Maryland and D.C. Sue Trump Over His Private Businesses|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/us/trump-lawsuit-private-businesses.html|access-date=June 12, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Davis|first=Aaron C.|title=D.C. and Maryland sue President Trump, alleging breach of constitutional oath|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/dc-and-maryland-to-sue-president-trump-alleging-breach-of-constitutional-oath/2017/06/11/0059e1f0-4f19-11e7-91eb-9611861a988f_story.html|access-date=June 12, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 12, 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Blumenthal v. Trump]]'', which was signed by more than one-third of the voting members of [[United States Congress|Congress]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Bykowicz|first=Julie|title=Democrats in Congress are the latest to sue President Trump|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/06/13/democrats-congress-are-latest-sue-president-trump/1tG7Mqk5tO4kxjHDh94ABO/story.html|access-date=June 14, 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|newspaper=[[Boston Globe]]|date=June 14, 2017|archive-date=June 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614054544/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/06/13/democrats-congress-are-latest-sue-president-trump/1tG7Mqk5tO4kxjHDh94ABO/story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[United States District Judge]] [[George B. Daniels]] dismissed the CREW case on December 21, 2017, holding that plaintiffs lacked [[Standing (law)|standing]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-alleging-trump-violated-constitution/2017/12/21/31011510-e697-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |first2=Jonathan |last2=O'Connell |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Judge dismisses lawsuit alleging Trump violated Constitution|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/EmolumentsDismissal.pdf |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington v. Trump |quote=17 Civ. 458 |publisher=S.D.N.Y. |date=December 21, 2017 |via=courthousenews.com}}</ref> ''D.C. and Maryland v. Trump'' cleared three judicial hurdles to proceed to the [[Discovery (law)|discovery]] phase during 2018,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/28/us/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html|title=Lawsuit Over Trump's Ties to His Businesses Is Allowed to Advance|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=March 28, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html|title=In Ruling Against Trump, Judge Defines Anticorruption Clauses in Constitution for First Time|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=July 25, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/02/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit-evidence.html|title=Judge Orders Evidence to Be Gathered in Emoluments Case Against Trump|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=November 2, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> with prosecutors issuing 38 subpoenas to Trump's businesses and cabinet departments in December before the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals]] issued a [[Stay of proceedings|stay]] days later at the behest of the Justice Department, pending hearings in March 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-attorneys-general-subpoena-trump-irs-20181204-story.html|title=2 attorneys general issue subpoenas to Trump entities in Washington hotel case|first1=Jonathan |last1=O'Connell |first2=Ann E. |last2=Marimow |date=December 4, 2018 |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=January 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/us/politics/justice-department-trump-emoluments.html|title=Justice Department Asks Court to Halt Emoluments Case Against Trump|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=December 17, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-emoluments-idUSKCN1OJ30R |first=Jan |last=Wolfe |title=U.S. appeals court grants Trump request for halt to emoluments case|date=December 21, 2018|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> NBC News reported that by June 2019 representatives of 22 governments had spent money at Trump properties.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/reps-22-foreign-governments-have-spent-money-trump-properties-n1015806 |access-date=November 7, 2021 |date=June 12, 2019 |first1=Shelby |last1=Hanssen |first2=Ken |last2=Dilanian |title=Reps of 22 foreign governments have spent money at Trump properties|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> In January 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the lawsuits as Trump was no longer president.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/index.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Supreme Court dismisses emoluments cases against Trump|first1=Ariane|last1=de Vogue|first2=Devan|last2=Cole |work=CNN|date=January 25, 2021}}</ref> | ||
=== Saudi Arabia === | === Saudi Arabia === | ||
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''The Washington Post'' reported in May 2017, "a wide variety of information that until recently was provided to the public, limiting access, for instance, to disclosures about workplace violations, energy efficiency, and animal welfare abuses" had been removed or tucked away. The Obama administration had used the publication of enforcement actions taken by federal agencies against companies as a way to name and shame companies that engaged in unethical and illegal behaviors.<ref name="Eilperin-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-trump-inconvenient-data-is-being-sidelined/2017/05/14/3ae22c28-3106-11e7-8674-437ddb6e813e_story.html |first=Juliet |last=Eilperin |date=May 14, 2017 |title=Under Trump, inconvenient data is being sidelined|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> | ''The Washington Post'' reported in May 2017, "a wide variety of information that until recently was provided to the public, limiting access, for instance, to disclosures about workplace violations, energy efficiency, and animal welfare abuses" had been removed or tucked away. The Obama administration had used the publication of enforcement actions taken by federal agencies against companies as a way to name and shame companies that engaged in unethical and illegal behaviors.<ref name="Eilperin-2017">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-trump-inconvenient-data-is-being-sidelined/2017/05/14/3ae22c28-3106-11e7-8674-437ddb6e813e_story.html |first=Juliet |last=Eilperin |date=May 14, 2017 |title=Under Trump, inconvenient data is being sidelined|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> | ||
The Trump administration stopped the longstanding practice of logging visitors to the White House, making it difficult to tell who had visited the White House.<ref name="Eilperin-2017" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-on-taxes-and-visitor-logs-white-house-1492471167-htmlstory.html|title=On taxes and visitor logs, White House grapples with transparency questions|last=Memoli|first=Michael A.|date=April 17, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> In July 2018, | The Trump administration stopped the longstanding practice of logging visitors to the White House, making it difficult to tell who had visited the White House.<ref name="Eilperin-2017" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-on-taxes-and-visitor-logs-white-house-1492471167-htmlstory.html|title=On taxes and visitor logs, White House grapples with transparency questions|last=Memoli|first=Michael A.|date=April 17, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> In July 2018, CNN reported that the White House had suspended the practice of publishing public summaries of Trump's phone calls with world leaders, bringing an end to a common exercise from previous administrations.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Collins |first1=Kaitlan |title=Exclusive: White House stops announcing calls with foreign leaders |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/24/politics/foreign-leaders-call-white-house/index.html |website=CNN |date=July 24, 2018 |accessdate=July 25, 2018}}</ref> | ||
In January 2024, the [[White House Medical Unit]] and its pharmacy caught the media's attention when the [[Department of Defense Office of Inspector General]] issued an [[White House Medical Unit#2024 Patient Eligibility and Pharmaceutical Management Report|investigation report]] focused on prescription drug records and care between 2017 and 2019, describing improper recording of prescriptions, disposal of controlled substances, and verification of identities, among other problems. The pharmacy dispensed expensive brand-name products for free, and the Unit spent considerable amounts of money on healthcare for numerous ineligible White House staff members, employees, and contractors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/01/16/ineligible-white-house-staffers-got-free-care-military-hospitals-free-prescription-drugs-watchdog.html |title=Free Surgeries and Prescriptions: White House Staff Got Access to Military Health Care Despite Being Ineligible |last=Kime |first=Patricia |publication-date=January 16, 2024 |publisher=[[Military.com]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/24/health/white-house-medical-unit-report/index.html |title=White House clinic handed out medications with little oversight during past administrations, new investigation shows |last=Goodman |first=Brenda |publication-date=January 24, 2024 |publisher= | In January 2024, the [[White House Medical Unit]] and its pharmacy caught the media's attention when the [[Department of Defense Office of Inspector General]] issued an [[White House Medical Unit#2024 Patient Eligibility and Pharmaceutical Management Report|investigation report]] focused on prescription drug records and care between 2017 and 2019, describing improper recording of prescriptions, disposal of controlled substances, and verification of identities, among other problems. The pharmacy dispensed expensive brand-name products for free, and the Unit spent considerable amounts of money on healthcare for numerous ineligible White House staff members, employees, and contractors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/01/16/ineligible-white-house-staffers-got-free-care-military-hospitals-free-prescription-drugs-watchdog.html |title=Free Surgeries and Prescriptions: White House Staff Got Access to Military Health Care Despite Being Ineligible |last=Kime |first=Patricia |publication-date=January 16, 2024 |publisher=[[Military.com]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/24/health/white-house-medical-unit-report/index.html |title=White House clinic handed out medications with little oversight during past administrations, new investigation shows |last=Goodman |first=Brenda |publication-date=January 24, 2024 |publisher=CNN |access-date=January 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-white-house-pharmacy-improperly-provided-drugs-misused-funds-pentagon-2024-01-28/ |title=Trump White House pharmacy improperly provided drugs and misused funds, Pentagon report says |last=Aboulenein |first=Ahmed |publication-date=January 28, 2024 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 30, 2024}}</ref> | ||
Trump refused to follow the rules of the [[Presidential Records Act]], which requires presidents and their administrations to preserve all official documents and turn them over to the National Archives. Trump habitually tore up papers after reading them, and White House staffers were assigned to collect the scraps and tape them back together for the archives.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Karni |first1=Annie |title=Meet the guys who tape Trump's papers back together |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/10/trump-papers-filing-system-635164 |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 10, 2018 |accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref> He also took boxes of documents and other items with him when he left the White House; the National Archives later retrieved them.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/07/trump-records-mar-a-lago/|title=National Archives had to retrieve Trump White House records from Mar-a-Lago|newspaper=Washington Post|date=February 7, 2022|accessdate=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Amiri |first=Farnoush |date=April 12, 2022 |title=DOJ Denies Jan. 6 Panel Details In Trump Records Probe |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/doj-jan-6-panel-trump-records-probe_n_625609bde4b052d2bd5b76a5 |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Some of the documents he took with him were discovered to be classified, including some at the "top secret" level.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/10/trump-records-classified/|title=Some Trump records taken to Mar-a-Lago clearly marked as classified, including documents at 'top secret' level|date=February 10, 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=February 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Some records taken by Trump so sensitive they may not be described in public |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/trump-oversight-records/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 25, 2022|first1=Jacqueline|last1=Alemany|first2=Tom|last2=Hamburger}}</ref> Trump sometimes used his personal cellphone to converse with world leaders so that there would be no record of the conversation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Choi |first1=David |title=Trump reportedly gave out his personal cell phone number to world leaders and US officials 'had no idea' he was making calls |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-personal-cellphone-call-canada-justin-trudeau-2018-7 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref> By May 2022, federal prosecutors had empaneled a grand jury to investigate possible mishandling of documents by Trump and other officials in his White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Prosecutors Pursue Inquiry Into Trump's Handling of Classified Material |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/us/politics/justice-department-trump-classified.html |work=The New York Times |date=May 12, 2022|first1=Maggie|last1=Haberman|first2=Michael S.|last2=Schmidt}}</ref> | Trump refused to follow the rules of the [[Presidential Records Act]], which requires presidents and their administrations to preserve all official documents and turn them over to the National Archives. Trump habitually tore up papers after reading them, and White House staffers were assigned to collect the scraps and tape them back together for the archives.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Karni |first1=Annie |title=Meet the guys who tape Trump's papers back together |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/10/trump-papers-filing-system-635164 |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 10, 2018 |accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref> He also took boxes of documents and other items with him when he left the White House; the National Archives later retrieved them.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/07/trump-records-mar-a-lago/|title=National Archives had to retrieve Trump White House records from Mar-a-Lago|newspaper=Washington Post|date=February 7, 2022|accessdate=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Amiri |first=Farnoush |date=April 12, 2022 |title=DOJ Denies Jan. 6 Panel Details In Trump Records Probe |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/doj-jan-6-panel-trump-records-probe_n_625609bde4b052d2bd5b76a5 |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Some of the documents he took with him were discovered to be classified, including some at the "top secret" level.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/10/trump-records-classified/|title=Some Trump records taken to Mar-a-Lago clearly marked as classified, including documents at 'top secret' level|date=February 10, 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=February 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Some records taken by Trump so sensitive they may not be described in public |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/trump-oversight-records/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 25, 2022|first1=Jacqueline|last1=Alemany|first2=Tom|last2=Hamburger}}</ref> Trump sometimes used his personal cellphone to converse with world leaders so that there would be no record of the conversation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Choi |first1=David |title=Trump reportedly gave out his personal cell phone number to world leaders and US officials 'had no idea' he was making calls |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-personal-cellphone-call-canada-justin-trudeau-2018-7 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref> By May 2022, federal prosecutors had empaneled a grand jury to investigate possible mishandling of documents by Trump and other officials in his White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Prosecutors Pursue Inquiry Into Trump's Handling of Classified Material |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/us/politics/justice-department-trump-classified.html |work=The New York Times |date=May 12, 2022|first1=Maggie|last1=Haberman|first2=Michael S.|last2=Schmidt}}</ref> | ||
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In March 2019, [[Tricia Newbold]], a White House employee working on security clearances, privately told the [[House Oversight Committee]] that at least 25 Trump administration officials had been granted security clearances over the objections of career staffers. Newbold also asserted that some of these officials had previously had their applications rejected for "disqualifying issues", only for those rejections to be overturned with inadequate explanation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-panel-interviews-whistleblower-tricia-newbold-about-white-house-security-clearances/|title=Whistleblower says 25 people given White House clearance despite rejections|last=Kaplan|first=Rebecca|date=April 1, 2019|work=CBS News|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/white-house-whistleblower-says-she-felt-humiliated-after-retaliation-boss-n990171|title=White House whistleblower says she felt humiliated after retaliation from boss|last1=Strickler|first1=Laura|last2=Alexander|first2=Peter|last3=Schapiro|first3=Rich|date=April 2, 2019|work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/us/politics/tricia-newbold-whistle-blower-white-house.html|title=White House Whistle-Blower Did the Unexpected: She Returned to Work|last=Rogers|first=Katie|date=April 1, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 3, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | In March 2019, [[Tricia Newbold]], a White House employee working on security clearances, privately told the [[House Oversight Committee]] that at least 25 Trump administration officials had been granted security clearances over the objections of career staffers. Newbold also asserted that some of these officials had previously had their applications rejected for "disqualifying issues", only for those rejections to be overturned with inadequate explanation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-panel-interviews-whistleblower-tricia-newbold-about-white-house-security-clearances/|title=Whistleblower says 25 people given White House clearance despite rejections|last=Kaplan|first=Rebecca|date=April 1, 2019|work=CBS News|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/white-house-whistleblower-says-she-felt-humiliated-after-retaliation-boss-n990171|title=White House whistleblower says she felt humiliated after retaliation from boss|last1=Strickler|first1=Laura|last2=Alexander|first2=Peter|last3=Schapiro|first3=Rich|date=April 2, 2019|work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/us/politics/tricia-newbold-whistle-blower-white-house.html|title=White House Whistle-Blower Did the Unexpected: She Returned to Work|last=Rogers|first=Katie|date=April 1, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 3, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | ||
After the House Oversight Committee subpoenaed former head of White House security clearances [[Carl Kline (White House official)|Carl Kline]] to give testimony, the administration instructed Kline not to comply with the subpoena, asserting that the subpoena "unconstitutionally encroaches on fundamental executive branch interests".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=White House instructs official to ignore Democratic subpoena over security clearances|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 23, 2019|date=April 22, 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/23/white-house-instructs-official-ignore-democratic-subpoena-over-security-clearances/|first=Tom|last=Hamburger|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423070501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/23/white-house-instructs-official-ignore-democratic-subpoena-over-security-clearances/| archive-date=April 23, 2019| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=White House tells official not to comply with Democratic subpoena over security clearances|work= | After the House Oversight Committee subpoenaed former head of White House security clearances [[Carl Kline (White House official)|Carl Kline]] to give testimony, the administration instructed Kline not to comply with the subpoena, asserting that the subpoena "unconstitutionally encroaches on fundamental executive branch interests".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=White House instructs official to ignore Democratic subpoena over security clearances|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 23, 2019|date=April 22, 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/23/white-house-instructs-official-ignore-democratic-subpoena-over-security-clearances/|first=Tom|last=Hamburger|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423070501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/23/white-house-instructs-official-ignore-democratic-subpoena-over-security-clearances/| archive-date=April 23, 2019| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=White House tells official not to comply with Democratic subpoena over security clearances|work=CNN Politics|access-date=April 23, 2019|date=April 22, 2019|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/22/politics/carl-kline-subpoena/index.html|first1=Manu|last1=Raju|first2=Sara|last2=Murray|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423032920/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/22/politics/carl-kline-subpoena/index.html|archive-date=April 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Kline eventually gave closed-door testimony before the committee in May 2019, but House Democrats said he did not "provide specific details to their questions".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Caldwell|first=Leigh|title=House Democrats not satisfied with Kline answers on security clearances|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-democrats-not-satisfied-kline-answers-security-clearances-n1000911 |date=May 2, 2019 |work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=May 2, 2019}}</ref> | ||
=== Impeachment inquiry === | === Impeachment inquiry === | ||
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{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}} | {{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}} | ||
On August 12, 2019, an unnamed intelligence official privately filed a whistleblower complaint with [[Michael Atkinson (Inspector General)|Michael Atkinson]], the [[Inspector General of the Intelligence Community|inspector general of the Intelligence Community]] (ICIG), under the provisions of the [[Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act]] (ICWPA).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Esteban|first1=Chiqui|last2=Rabinowitz|first2=Kate|last3=Meko|first3=Tim|last4=Uhrmacher|first4=Kevin|title=Who's who in the whistleblower complaint|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/27/whos-who-whistleblower-complaint/|access-date=October 1, 2019|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> The whistleblower alleged that Trump had abused his office in soliciting foreign interference to improve his own electoral chances in 2020. The complaint reports that in a July 2019 call, Trump had asked Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] to investigate potential 2020 rival presidential candidate Joe Biden and his son [[Hunter Biden]], as well as matters pertaining to whether Russian interference occurred in the 2016 U.S. election with regard to Democratic National Committee servers and the company Crowdstrike. Trump allegedly nominated his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr to work with Ukraine on these matters. Additionally, the whistleblower alleged that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up, and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower posits that the pressure campaign may have included Trump cancelling Vice President Mike Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Korte|first=Gregory|title=The Whistle-Blower Complaint Against Trump, Annotated|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2019-trump-ukraine-whistleblower-complaint-transcript/|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.apnews.com/cdd0d1da48e045c39c383d589ad919f6|title=6 takeaways from the whistleblower complaint, including Rudy Giuliani's central role|work=[[Associated Press]]|date=September 27, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2019|first1=Michael|last1=Balsamo|first2=Colleen|last2=Long}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html|title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |work= | On August 12, 2019, an unnamed intelligence official privately filed a whistleblower complaint with [[Michael Atkinson (Inspector General)|Michael Atkinson]], the [[Inspector General of the Intelligence Community|inspector general of the Intelligence Community]] (ICIG), under the provisions of the [[Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act]] (ICWPA).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Esteban|first1=Chiqui|last2=Rabinowitz|first2=Kate|last3=Meko|first3=Tim|last4=Uhrmacher|first4=Kevin|title=Who's who in the whistleblower complaint|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/27/whos-who-whistleblower-complaint/|access-date=October 1, 2019|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> The whistleblower alleged that Trump had abused his office in soliciting foreign interference to improve his own electoral chances in 2020. The complaint reports that in a July 2019 call, Trump had asked Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] to investigate potential 2020 rival presidential candidate Joe Biden and his son [[Hunter Biden]], as well as matters pertaining to whether Russian interference occurred in the 2016 U.S. election with regard to Democratic National Committee servers and the company Crowdstrike. Trump allegedly nominated his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr to work with Ukraine on these matters. Additionally, the whistleblower alleged that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up, and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower posits that the pressure campaign may have included Trump cancelling Vice President Mike Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Korte|first=Gregory|title=The Whistle-Blower Complaint Against Trump, Annotated|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2019-trump-ukraine-whistleblower-complaint-transcript/|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.apnews.com/cdd0d1da48e045c39c383d589ad919f6|title=6 takeaways from the whistleblower complaint, including Rudy Giuliani's central role|work=[[Associated Press]]|date=September 27, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2019|first1=Michael|last1=Balsamo|first2=Colleen|last2=Long}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html|title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |work=CNN|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2019|first1=Marshall|last1=Cohen|first2=Katelyn|last2=Polantz|first3=David|last3=Shortell}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Olorunnipa|first1=Toluse|last2=Parker|first2=Ashley|title=Pence seeks to dodge impeachment spotlight as his Ukrainian moves attract notice|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pence-seeks-to-dodge-impeachment-spotlight-as-his-ukrainian-moves-attract-notice/2019/09/26/d397bdea-e07a-11e9-be96-6adb81821e90_story.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> | ||
Inspector General Atkinson found the whistleblower's complaint both urgent and credible, so he transmitted the complaint on August 26 to [[Joseph Maguire]], the acting [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI). Under the law, Maguire was supposed to forward the complaint to the Senate and House Intelligence Committees within a week. Maguire refused, so Atkinson informed the congressional committees of the existence of the complaint, but not its content.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Kiely|first1=Eugene|last2=Roberston|first2=Lori|last3=Gore|first3=D'Angelo|title=The Whistleblower Complaint Timeline|url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/09/the-whistleblower-complaint-timeline/|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Factcheck.org]]|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wapotut">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Bump|first1=Philip|last2=Blake|first2=Aaron|title=The full Trump-Ukraine timeline – as of now|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/full-trump-ukraine-timeline-now/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 1, 2019|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> The general counsel for Maguire's office said that since the complaint was not about someone in the intelligence community, it was not an "urgent concern" and thus there was no need to pass it to Congress. Later testifying before the House Intelligence Committee on September 26, Maguire said he had consulted with the White House Counsel and the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, of which the latter office gave him the rationale to withhold the complaint.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Harris|first1=Shane|last2=Demirjian|first2=Karoun|last3=Nakashima|first3=Ellen|title=Acting intelligence chief Maguire defends his handling of whistleblower complaint in testimony before Congress|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/intelligence-chief-maguire-will-testify-to-congress-about-whistleblower-complaint/2019/09/25/ee98ae7c-dfb4-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> Maguire also testified: "I think the whistleblower did the right thing. I think he followed the law every step of the way."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Knutson|first=Jacob|title=Acting DNI Joseph Maguire: Whistleblower "did the right thing"|url=https://www.axios.com/joseph-maguire-whistleblower-complaint-house-hearing-6434fe93-a19e-421a-8db5-8992ca5319ab.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> | Inspector General Atkinson found the whistleblower's complaint both urgent and credible, so he transmitted the complaint on August 26 to [[Joseph Maguire]], the acting [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI). Under the law, Maguire was supposed to forward the complaint to the Senate and House Intelligence Committees within a week. Maguire refused, so Atkinson informed the congressional committees of the existence of the complaint, but not its content.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Kiely|first1=Eugene|last2=Roberston|first2=Lori|last3=Gore|first3=D'Angelo|title=The Whistleblower Complaint Timeline|url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/09/the-whistleblower-complaint-timeline/|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Factcheck.org]]|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wapotut">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Bump|first1=Philip|last2=Blake|first2=Aaron|title=The full Trump-Ukraine timeline – as of now|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/full-trump-ukraine-timeline-now/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 1, 2019|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> The general counsel for Maguire's office said that since the complaint was not about someone in the intelligence community, it was not an "urgent concern" and thus there was no need to pass it to Congress. Later testifying before the House Intelligence Committee on September 26, Maguire said he had consulted with the White House Counsel and the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, of which the latter office gave him the rationale to withhold the complaint.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Harris|first1=Shane|last2=Demirjian|first2=Karoun|last3=Nakashima|first3=Ellen|title=Acting intelligence chief Maguire defends his handling of whistleblower complaint in testimony before Congress|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/intelligence-chief-maguire-will-testify-to-congress-about-whistleblower-complaint/2019/09/25/ee98ae7c-dfb4-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> Maguire also testified: "I think the whistleblower did the right thing. I think he followed the law every step of the way."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Knutson|first=Jacob|title=Acting DNI Joseph Maguire: Whistleblower "did the right thing"|url=https://www.axios.com/joseph-maguire-whistleblower-complaint-house-hearing-6434fe93-a19e-421a-8db5-8992ca5319ab.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Open Hearing with Dr. Fiona Hill and David Holmes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Open hearing testimony of [[Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)|Fiona Hill]] and [[David Holmes (diplomat)|David Holmes]] on November 21, 2019]] | [[File:Open Hearing with Dr. Fiona Hill and David Holmes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Open hearing testimony of [[Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)|Fiona Hill]] and [[David Holmes (diplomat)|David Holmes]] on November 21, 2019]] | ||
On September 24, House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] announced the start of a formal [[Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 24, 2019|first=Nicholas|last=Fandos|author-link=Nicholas Fandos|title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html |access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> On September 25, the White House released a non-verbatim transcript of the call between Trump and Zelensky; while the members and staff of congressional intelligence committees were allowed to read the whistleblower complaint.<ref name="wapotut" /> On September 26, the White House declassified the whistleblower's complaint, so Schiff released the complaint to the public.<ref name="wapotut" /> The non-verbatim transcript corroborated the main allegations of the whistleblower's report about the Trump–Zelensky call.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Hope |last1=Yen |first2=Calvin |last2=Woodward |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-fact-check-donald-trump-ca-state-wire-politics-impeachments-817c0c285bc9485d88608635e0fef3e3|title=AP Fact Check: Trump's flawed 'read the transcript' defense|date=November 11, 2019|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=December 30, 2019}}</ref> The non-verbatim transcript stated that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump instead asked for a favor, suggesting an investigation of the company Crowdstrike, while later in the call he also called for an investigation of the Bidens and cooperation with Giuliani and Barr.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Bump|first=Philip|title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/|access-date=October 1, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Santucci|first1=John|last2=Mallin|first2=Alexander|last3=Thomas|first3=Pierre|last4=Faulders|first4=Katherine|title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> On September 27, the White House confirmed the whistleblower's allegation that the Trump administration had stored the Trump–Zelensky transcript in a highly classified system.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brown|first=Pamela|title=White House says lawyers directed moving Ukraine transcript to highly secure system|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/27/politics/donald-trump-ukraine-transcript-white-house/index.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|work= | On September 24, House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] announced the start of a formal [[Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 24, 2019|first=Nicholas|last=Fandos|author-link=Nicholas Fandos|title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html |access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> On September 25, the White House released a non-verbatim transcript of the call between Trump and Zelensky; while the members and staff of congressional intelligence committees were allowed to read the whistleblower complaint.<ref name="wapotut" /> On September 26, the White House declassified the whistleblower's complaint, so Schiff released the complaint to the public.<ref name="wapotut" /> The non-verbatim transcript corroborated the main allegations of the whistleblower's report about the Trump–Zelensky call.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Hope |last1=Yen |first2=Calvin |last2=Woodward |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-fact-check-donald-trump-ca-state-wire-politics-impeachments-817c0c285bc9485d88608635e0fef3e3|title=AP Fact Check: Trump's flawed 'read the transcript' defense|date=November 11, 2019|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=December 30, 2019}}</ref> The non-verbatim transcript stated that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump instead asked for a favor, suggesting an investigation of the company Crowdstrike, while later in the call he also called for an investigation of the Bidens and cooperation with Giuliani and Barr.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Bump|first=Philip|title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/|access-date=October 1, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Santucci|first1=John|last2=Mallin|first2=Alexander|last3=Thomas|first3=Pierre|last4=Faulders|first4=Katherine|title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> On September 27, the White House confirmed the whistleblower's allegation that the Trump administration had stored the Trump–Zelensky transcript in a highly classified system.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Brown|first=Pamela|title=White House says lawyers directed moving Ukraine transcript to highly secure system|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/27/politics/donald-trump-ukraine-transcript-white-house/index.html|access-date=October 1, 2019|work=CNN|date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> | ||
Following these revelations, members of congress largely divided along party lines, with Democrats generally in favor of impeachment proceedings and Republicans defending the president.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/23/politics/senate-republicans-ukraine-whistleblower-reaction/index.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |first1=Ted |last1=Barrett |first2=Manu |last2=Raju |first3=Lauren |last3=Fox |first4=Ellie |last4=Kaufman |first5=Clare |last5=Foran |title=Senate Republicans skip criticizing Trump over handling of whistleblower: 'It's a lot of hysteria over very little'|website= | Following these revelations, members of congress largely divided along party lines, with Democrats generally in favor of impeachment proceedings and Republicans defending the president.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/23/politics/senate-republicans-ukraine-whistleblower-reaction/index.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |first1=Ted |last1=Barrett |first2=Manu |last2=Raju |first3=Lauren |last3=Fox |first4=Ellie |last4=Kaufman |first5=Clare |last5=Foran |title=Senate Republicans skip criticizing Trump over handling of whistleblower: 'It's a lot of hysteria over very little'|website=CNN |date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> Ukraine envoy [[Kurt Volker]] resigned and three House committees issued a subpoena to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to schedule depositions for Volker and four other State Department employees, and to compel the release of documents.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/09/27/trump-ukraine-kurt-volker-rudy-giuliani-007212|title=Ukraine envoy resigns amid scandal consuming Trump's presidency|work=[[Politico]]|date=September 27, 2019|access-date=September 28, 2019|first=Nahal|last=Toosi}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/463436-pompeo-subpoenaed-by-house-committees-over-ukraine-documents|title=Democrats subpoena Pompeo for Ukraine documents|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=September 27, 2019|access-date=September 28, 2019|first1=Rachel|last1=Frazin|first2=Scott|last2=Wong|first3=Mike|last3=Lillis}}</ref> Attention to the issue also led to further revelations by anonymous sources. These included the misuse of classification systems to hide records of conversations with Ukrainian, Russian, and Saudi Arabian leaders, and statements made to [[Sergei Lavrov]] and [[Sergey Kislyak]] in May 2017 expressing a lack of concern about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/27/politics/white-house-restricted-trump-calls-putin-saudi/index.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |first1=Pamela |last1=Brown |first2=Jim |last2=Sciutto |first3=Kevin |last3=Liptak |title=White House restricted access to Trump's calls with Putin and Saudi crown prince|website=CNN |date=September 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> | ||
=== Use of the Office of President === | === Use of the Office of President === | ||
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{{Main|2018 United States elections}} | {{Main|2018 United States elections}} | ||
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats had a [[Wave elections in the United States|blue wave]], winning control of the House of Representatives, while Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Cillizza|first=Chris|date=November 10, 2018|title=2018 was a WAY better election for Democrats than most people seem to think|work= | In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats had a [[Wave elections in the United States|blue wave]], winning control of the House of Representatives, while Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Cillizza|first=Chris|date=November 10, 2018|title=2018 was a WAY better election for Democrats than most people seem to think|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/politics/2018-democrats-midterms/index.html|access-date=November 12, 2018}}</ref> | ||
===2020 re-election campaign=== | ===2020 re-election campaign=== | ||
| Line 849: | Line 849: | ||
{{main|Presidential transition of Joe Biden|Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election}} | {{main|Presidential transition of Joe Biden|Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election}} | ||
[[File:ElectoralCollege2020 with results.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Democrat [[Joe Biden]] defeated President Trump in the 2020 presidential election.]] | [[File:ElectoralCollege2020 with results.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Democrat [[Joe Biden]] defeated President Trump in the 2020 presidential election.]] | ||
Trump refused to concede, and the administration did not begin cooperating with president-elect Biden's transition team until November 23.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-transition-agencies-biden/2020/11/09/ad9f2ba2-22b7-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html|title=White House, escalating tensions, orders agencies to rebuff Biden transition team|last1=Rein|first1=Lisa|last2=Viser|first2=Matt|last3=Miller|first3=Greg|last4=Dawsey|first4=Josh|date=November 9, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Herb|first2=Jeremy|date=November 23, 2020|title=First on CNN: Key government agency acknowledges Biden's win and begins formal transition|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123232709/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|archive-date=November 23, 2020|access-date=November 24, 2020|website= | Trump refused to concede, and the administration did not begin cooperating with president-elect Biden's transition team until November 23.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-transition-agencies-biden/2020/11/09/ad9f2ba2-22b7-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html|title=White House, escalating tensions, orders agencies to rebuff Biden transition team|last1=Rein|first1=Lisa|last2=Viser|first2=Matt|last3=Miller|first3=Greg|last4=Dawsey|first4=Josh|date=November 9, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Herb|first2=Jeremy|date=November 23, 2020|title=First on CNN: Key government agency acknowledges Biden's win and begins formal transition|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123232709/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|archive-date=November 23, 2020|access-date=November 24, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref> In late December 2020, Biden and his transition team criticized Trump administration political appointees for hampering the transition and failing to cooperate with the Biden transition team on national security areas, such as the Defense and State departments, as well as on the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic, saying that many of the agencies that are critical to their security have incurred enormous damage and have been hollowed out{{snd}}in personnel, capacity and in morale.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Kaplan|first=Thomas|date=December 28, 2020|title=Biden Admonishes Trump Administration Over 'Obstruction'|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/28/us/politics/biden-trump-transition.html|access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Forgey|first=Quint|date=December 30, 2020|title=Biden transition chief blasts 'obstruction' by political appointees at OMB, Pentagon|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/30/abraham-blasts-trump-omb-pentagon-452354|access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> Throughout December and January, Trump continued to insist that he had won the election. He filed numerous lawsuits alleging election fraud, tried to persuade state and federal officials to [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|overturn the results]], and urged his supporters to rally on his behalf.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2021-01-06/trump-supporters-crowd-into-washington-to-protest-congress-certifying-bidens-victory|title=Trump Summoned Supporters to 'Wild' Protest, and Told Them to Fight. They Did|last1=Holland|first1=Steve|last2=Mason|first2=Jeff|last3=Landay|first3=Jonathan|date=January 6, 2021|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=U.S. News|access-date=March 27, 2021}}</ref> At the urging and direction of Trump campaign attorneys and other Trump associates, including [[Rudy Giuliani]] and [[Steve Bannon]], Republican activists in seven states filed and submitted false documents claiming to be the official presidential electors.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Trump campaign officials, led by Rudy Giuliani, oversaw fake electors plot in 7 states |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/20/politics/trump-campaign-officials-rudy-giuliani-fake-electors/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=January 20, 2022|first1= Marshall|last1= Cohen|first2=Zachary|last2=Cohen|first3=Dan|last3=Merica}}</ref> The "alternate slates" were intended to serve as a reason for Congress or the vice president to reject the results from the seven states.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Memos Show Roots of Trump's Focus on Jan. 6 and Alternate Electors |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/02/us/politics/trump-jan-6-memos.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 2, 2022|first1=Alan|last1=Feuer|first2=Maggie|last2=Haberman|first3=Luke|last3=Broadwater}}</ref> | ||
==== Electoral vote count and U.S. Capitol attack ==== | ==== Electoral vote count and U.S. Capitol attack ==== | ||
| Line 857: | Line 857: | ||
On January 6, 2021, rioters supporting Trump [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|stormed]] the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] in an effort to thwart a [[joint session of Congress]] during which the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] vote was to be certified, affirming the election of former vice president [[Joe Biden]] as president and Senator [[Kamala Harris]] as vice president. | On January 6, 2021, rioters supporting Trump [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|stormed]] the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] in an effort to thwart a [[joint session of Congress]] during which the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] vote was to be certified, affirming the election of former vice president [[Joe Biden]] as president and Senator [[Kamala Harris]] as vice president. | ||
During an initial rally earlier that morning, Trump encouraged his supporters to march to the U.S. Capitol.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2021/jan/06/georgia-election-latest-news-senate-ossoff-warnock-democrats-republicans-trump-biden|title=Schumer calls pro-Trump mob 'domestic terrorists' as Senate resumes election certification{{snd}}live|last1=McCarthy|first1=Tom|last2=Ho|first2=Vivian|last3=Greve|first3=Joan E.|date=January 7, 2021|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230506/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2021/jan/06/georgia-election-latest-news-senate-ossoff-warnock-democrats-republicans-trump-biden|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=Analysis {{!}} 'Let's have trial by combat': How Trump and allies egged on the violent scenes Wednesday|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/06/lets-have-trial-by-combat-how-trump-allies-egged-violent-scenes-wednesday/ |date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=January 7, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107013645/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/06/lets-have-trial-by-combat-how-trump-allies-egged-violent-scenes-wednesday/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, pro-Trump attendees marched to the Capitol building, joined other protesters, and stormed the building.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first1=Ted|last1=Barrett|first2=Manu|last2=Raju|first3=Peter|last3=Nickeas|title=Pro-Trump mob storms US Capitol as armed standoff takes place outside House chamber|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/us-capitol-lockdown/index.html |date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=January 6, 2021|website= | During an initial rally earlier that morning, Trump encouraged his supporters to march to the U.S. Capitol.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2021/jan/06/georgia-election-latest-news-senate-ossoff-warnock-democrats-republicans-trump-biden|title=Schumer calls pro-Trump mob 'domestic terrorists' as Senate resumes election certification{{snd}}live|last1=McCarthy|first1=Tom|last2=Ho|first2=Vivian|last3=Greve|first3=Joan E.|date=January 7, 2021|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230506/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2021/jan/06/georgia-election-latest-news-senate-ossoff-warnock-democrats-republicans-trump-biden|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=Analysis {{!}} 'Let's have trial by combat': How Trump and allies egged on the violent scenes Wednesday|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/06/lets-have-trial-by-combat-how-trump-allies-egged-violent-scenes-wednesday/ |date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=January 7, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107013645/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/06/lets-have-trial-by-combat-how-trump-allies-egged-violent-scenes-wednesday/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, pro-Trump attendees marched to the Capitol building, joined other protesters, and stormed the building.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first1=Ted|last1=Barrett|first2=Manu|last2=Raju|first3=Peter|last3=Nickeas|title=Pro-Trump mob storms US Capitol as armed standoff takes place outside House chamber|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/us-capitol-lockdown/index.html |date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=January 6, 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106211203/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/us-capitol-lockdown/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Congress was in session at the time, conducting the [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count|Electoral College vote count]] and debating the results of the vote. As the protesters arrived, Capitol security evacuated the Senate and House of Representatives chambers and locked down several other buildings on the Capitol campus.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html|title=U.S. Capitol secured hours after pro-Trump rioters invade Congress|first=Amanda Macias, Dan|last=Mangan|date=January 6, 2021|website=CNBC|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107030000/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that evening, after the Capitol was secured, Congress went back into session to discuss the Electoral College vote, finally affirming at 3:41{{spaces}}a.m. that Biden had won the election.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=King, Ledyard |last2=Groppe, Maureen |last3=Wu, Nicholas |last4=Jansen, Bart |last5=Subramanian, Courtney |last6=Garrison, Joey |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107100543/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> | ||
Five casualties occurred during the event: one Capitol Police officer, and four stormers or protesters at the Capitol, including one rioter shot by police inside the building.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Safdar |first1=Khadeeja |last2=Ailworth |first2=Erin |last3=Seetharaman |first3=Deepa |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Police Identify Five Dead After Capitol Riot |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-identify-those-killed-in-capitol-riot-11610133560 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112023512/https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-identify-those-killed-in-capitol-riot-11610133560 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> At least 138 police officers were injured.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Broadwater |first2=Luke |title=Officers' Injuries, Including Concussions, Show Scope of Violence at Capitol Riot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=February 12, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=February 12, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Three [[improvised explosive device]]s were reported to have been found: one each on Capitol grounds, at the [[Republican National Committee]] and [[Democratic National Committee]] offices.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Shallwani|first=Pervaiz|date=January 6, 2021|title=At least two real explosive devices in DC rendered safe by law enforcement|work= | Five casualties occurred during the event: one Capitol Police officer, and four stormers or protesters at the Capitol, including one rioter shot by police inside the building.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Safdar |first1=Khadeeja |last2=Ailworth |first2=Erin |last3=Seetharaman |first3=Deepa |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Police Identify Five Dead After Capitol Riot |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-identify-those-killed-in-capitol-riot-11610133560 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112023512/https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-identify-those-killed-in-capitol-riot-11610133560 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> At least 138 police officers were injured.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Broadwater |first2=Luke |title=Officers' Injuries, Including Concussions, Show Scope of Violence at Capitol Riot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=February 12, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=February 12, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Three [[improvised explosive device]]s were reported to have been found: one each on Capitol grounds, at the [[Republican National Committee]] and [[Democratic National Committee]] offices.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Shallwani|first=Pervaiz|date=January 6, 2021|title=At least two real explosive devices in DC rendered safe by law enforcement|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_a8427f16f5c09d46e0dcff011e3d48c0|url-status=live|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224546/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_a8427f16f5c09d46e0dcff011e3d48c0}}</ref> | ||
==== Aftermath ==== | ==== Aftermath ==== | ||
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Following the Capitol attack, several cabinet-level officials and White House staff resigned, citing the incident and Trump's behavior.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Chamlee|first=Virginia|title=All the Trump Administration Officials Who Have Resigned Following the Capitol Riot He Incited|url=https://people.com/politics/trump-administration-officials-resign-following-riot-capitol/ |access-date=January 7, 2021|work=PEOPLE.com|date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> | Following the Capitol attack, several cabinet-level officials and White House staff resigned, citing the incident and Trump's behavior.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Chamlee|first=Virginia|title=All the Trump Administration Officials Who Have Resigned Following the Capitol Riot He Incited|url=https://people.com/politics/trump-administration-officials-resign-following-riot-capitol/ |access-date=January 7, 2021|work=PEOPLE.com|date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> | ||
On January 7, the day after the Electoral College results were certified by Congress, Trump tweeted a video in which he stated, "A new administration will be inaugurated on January 20th. My focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly and seamless transition of power."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Knowles|first=David|date=January 7, 2021|title=Trump finally admits defeat: 'A new administration will be inaugurated on January 20'|url=https://news.yahoo.com/trump-finally-admits-defeat-a-new-administration-will-be-inaugurated-on-january-20-011501284.html|access-date=January 8, 2021|website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> The [[State Department]] subsequently told diplomats to affirm Biden's victory.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=November 7, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/state-department-social-media-biden/index.html|title=State Department tells diplomats to affirm Biden's victory after Capitol riot|first1=Kylie|last1=Atwood|first2=Jennifer|last2=Hansler|website= | On January 7, the day after the Electoral College results were certified by Congress, Trump tweeted a video in which he stated, "A new administration will be inaugurated on January 20th. My focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly and seamless transition of power."<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Knowles|first=David|date=January 7, 2021|title=Trump finally admits defeat: 'A new administration will be inaugurated on January 20'|url=https://news.yahoo.com/trump-finally-admits-defeat-a-new-administration-will-be-inaugurated-on-january-20-011501284.html|access-date=January 8, 2021|website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> The [[State Department]] subsequently told diplomats to affirm Biden's victory.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=November 7, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/state-department-social-media-biden/index.html|title=State Department tells diplomats to affirm Biden's victory after Capitol riot|first1=Kylie|last1=Atwood|first2=Jennifer|last2=Hansler|website=CNN |date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> | ||
On January 12, the House voted in favor of requesting that the vice president remove Trump from office per the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment]]; hours earlier, Pence had indicated that he opposed such a measure.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Gambino|first=Lauren|date=January 13, 2021|title=Stage set for impeachment after Pence dismisses House call to invoke 25th amendment|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/12/house-vote-resolution-pence-invoke-25th-amendment-remove-trump|access-date=January 13, 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The next day, the House voted 232–197 to [[Second impeachment of Donald Trump|impeach Trump]] on a charge of "incitement of insurrection". Ten Republican representatives joined all Democratic representatives in voting to impeach Trump. Trump is the first and only president to be impeached twice.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Wagner|first1=Meg|last2=Macaya|first2=Melissa|last3=Hayes|first3=Mike|display-authors=etal|date=January 13, 2021|title=House votes on Trump impeachment|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/house-trump-impeachment-vote-01-13-21/|access-date=January 13, 2021|website= | On January 12, the House voted in favor of requesting that the vice president remove Trump from office per the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment]]; hours earlier, Pence had indicated that he opposed such a measure.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Gambino|first=Lauren|date=January 13, 2021|title=Stage set for impeachment after Pence dismisses House call to invoke 25th amendment|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/12/house-vote-resolution-pence-invoke-25th-amendment-remove-trump|access-date=January 13, 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The next day, the House voted 232–197 to [[Second impeachment of Donald Trump|impeach Trump]] on a charge of "incitement of insurrection". Ten Republican representatives joined all Democratic representatives in voting to impeach Trump. Trump is the first and only president to be impeached twice.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Wagner|first1=Meg|last2=Macaya|first2=Melissa|last3=Hayes|first3=Mike|display-authors=etal|date=January 13, 2021|title=House votes on Trump impeachment|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/house-trump-impeachment-vote-01-13-21/|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=CNN}}</ref> On February 13, the Senate voted 57–43 to [[Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump|convict Trump]] on a charge of inciting insurrection, ten votes short of the required two-thirds majority, and he was acquitted. Seven Republican senators joined all Democratic and independent senators in voting to convict Trump.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Fandos|first1=Nicholas|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/13/us/politics/trump-impeachment.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/13/us/politics/trump-impeachment.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=November 7, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 13, 2021|title=Trump Acquitted of Inciting Insurrection, Even as Bipartisan Majority Votes 'Guilty'}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-us-canada-56054136|title=Donald Trump impeachment trial: Ex-president acquitted of inciting insurrection|website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=February 14, 2021|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214225754/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-56054136|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Farewell Address of President Donald J. Trump (2021).webm|thumb|President Trump's first farewell address on January 19, 2021]] | [[File:Farewell Address of President Donald J. Trump (2021).webm|thumb|President Trump's first farewell address on January 19, 2021]] | ||
Trump gave a [[Donald Trump's first farewell address|first farewell address]] the day prior to the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]]. In it he stressed his economic and foreign policy record, and said the country can never tolerate "[[political violence]]".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/19/trump-stresses-economy-foreign-policy-farewell-address-nation/4217614001/|title=Farewell address: Trump stresses record, condemns Capitol riot, does not name Biden|last1=Jackson|first1=David|last2=Collins|first2=Michael|date=January 19, 2021|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref> Trump did not attend Biden's inauguration, becoming the first departing president in 152 years to refuse to attend his elected successor's inauguration,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/us/politics/presidents-who-skipped-inaugurations.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/us/politics/presidents-who-skipped-inaugurations.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Trump Is Not the First President to Snub an Inauguration|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 20, 2021|first=Jacey|last=Fortin}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Joey|last=Garrison|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/08/trump-first-outgoing-president-skip-inauguration-152-years/6596286002/ |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=A president hasn't refused to attend the inauguration of his successor in 152 years. Donald Trump will change that|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=January 8, 2021}}</ref> but he did honor another tradition by leaving Biden a letter on the [[Resolute desk|''Resolute'' desk]] in the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=November 7, 2021 |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-farewell-address-nation/ |date=January 19, 2021 |title=Remarks by President Trump In Farewell Address to the Nation |website=trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Jackson|first1=David|last2=Fritze|first2=John|date=January 20, 2021|title=Donald Trump leaves letter for Joe Biden ahead of inauguration|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/20/donald-trump-leaves-letter-joe-biden-inauguration-day/4228139001/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120152944/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/20/donald-trump-leaves-letter-joe-biden-inauguration-day/4228139001/|archive-date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> | Trump gave a [[Donald Trump's first farewell address|first farewell address]] the day prior to the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]]. In it he stressed his economic and foreign policy record, and said the country can never tolerate "[[political violence]]".<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/19/trump-stresses-economy-foreign-policy-farewell-address-nation/4217614001/|title=Farewell address: Trump stresses record, condemns Capitol riot, does not name Biden|last1=Jackson|first1=David|last2=Collins|first2=Michael|date=January 19, 2021|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref> Trump did not attend Biden's inauguration, becoming the first departing president in 152 years to refuse to attend his elected successor's inauguration,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/us/politics/presidents-who-skipped-inaugurations.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/us/politics/presidents-who-skipped-inaugurations.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=Trump Is Not the First President to Snub an Inauguration|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 20, 2021|first=Jacey|last=Fortin}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Joey|last=Garrison|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/08/trump-first-outgoing-president-skip-inauguration-152-years/6596286002/ |access-date=November 7, 2021 |title=A president hasn't refused to attend the inauguration of his successor in 152 years. Donald Trump will change that|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=January 8, 2021}}</ref> but he did honor another tradition by leaving Biden a letter on the [[Resolute desk|''Resolute'' desk]] in the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=November 7, 2021 |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-farewell-address-nation/ |date=January 19, 2021 |title=Remarks by President Trump In Farewell Address to the Nation |website=trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Jackson|first1=David|last2=Fritze|first2=John|date=January 20, 2021|title=Donald Trump leaves letter for Joe Biden ahead of inauguration|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/20/donald-trump-leaves-letter-joe-biden-inauguration-day/4228139001/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120152944/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/20/donald-trump-leaves-letter-joe-biden-inauguration-day/4228139001/|archive-date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> | ||
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{{Legend|#3AFC3A|Approve}}]] | {{Legend|#3AFC3A|Approve}}]] | ||
At the time of the 2016 election, polls by [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] found Trump had a favorable rating around 35 percent and an unfavorable rating around 60 percent, while Clinton held a favorable rating of 40 percent and an unfavorable rating of 57 percent.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Presidential Election 2016: Key Indicators|date=March 6, 2016|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/189299/presidential-election-2016-key-indicators.aspx |work=Gallup|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> 2016 was the first election cycle in modern presidential polling in which both major-party candidates were viewed so unfavorably.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/03/us/elections/trump-and-clinton-favorability.html |first=Karen |last=Yourish |title=Clinton and Trump Have Terrible Approval Ratings. Does It Matter? |access-date=November 13, 2021 |date=June 3, 2016|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/americans-distaste-for-both-trump-and-clinton-is-record-breaking/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |first=Harry |last=Enten |title=Americans' Distaste For Both Trump And Clinton Is Record-Breaking|date=May 5, 2016|work=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Aaron|last=Blake|date=August 31, 2016|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/31/a-record-number-of-americans-now-dislike-hillary-clinton/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=A record number of Americans now dislike Hillary Clinton |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.monmouth.edu/polling-institute/reports/MonmouthPoll_US_082916/ |date=August 29, 2016 |title=Clinton Holds Lead Amid Record High Dislike of Both Nominees |access-date=November 7, 2021 |work=Monmouth University}}</ref> By January 20, 2017, [[United States presidential inauguration|Inauguration Day]], Trump's approval rating average was 42 percent, the lowest rating average for an incoming president in the history of modern polling;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/donald-trump-obama-approval-rating.html|title=Trump Entering White House Unbent and Unpopular|last=Baker|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Baker (author)|date=January 17, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> during his term it was an "incredibly stable (and also historically low)" 36 percent to 40 percent.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president_trump_job_approval-6179.html |title=President Trump Job Approval |work=[[RealClearPolitics|Real Clear Politics]]|access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/21/politics/family-separation-midterms-analysis/index.html |access-date=November 8, 2021 |title=Separated immigrant children move people's hearts, but will it move their votes?|last=Enten|first=Harry|date=June 21, 2018|website= | At the time of the 2016 election, polls by [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] found Trump had a favorable rating around 35 percent and an unfavorable rating around 60 percent, while Clinton held a favorable rating of 40 percent and an unfavorable rating of 57 percent.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Presidential Election 2016: Key Indicators|date=March 6, 2016|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/189299/presidential-election-2016-key-indicators.aspx |work=Gallup|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> 2016 was the first election cycle in modern presidential polling in which both major-party candidates were viewed so unfavorably.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/03/us/elections/trump-and-clinton-favorability.html |first=Karen |last=Yourish |title=Clinton and Trump Have Terrible Approval Ratings. Does It Matter? |access-date=November 13, 2021 |date=June 3, 2016|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/americans-distaste-for-both-trump-and-clinton-is-record-breaking/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |first=Harry |last=Enten |title=Americans' Distaste For Both Trump And Clinton Is Record-Breaking|date=May 5, 2016|work=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Aaron|last=Blake|date=August 31, 2016|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/31/a-record-number-of-americans-now-dislike-hillary-clinton/ |access-date=November 13, 2021 |title=A record number of Americans now dislike Hillary Clinton |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.monmouth.edu/polling-institute/reports/MonmouthPoll_US_082916/ |date=August 29, 2016 |title=Clinton Holds Lead Amid Record High Dislike of Both Nominees |access-date=November 7, 2021 |work=Monmouth University}}</ref> By January 20, 2017, [[United States presidential inauguration|Inauguration Day]], Trump's approval rating average was 42 percent, the lowest rating average for an incoming president in the history of modern polling;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/donald-trump-obama-approval-rating.html|title=Trump Entering White House Unbent and Unpopular|last=Baker|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Baker (author)|date=January 17, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> during his term it was an "incredibly stable (and also historically low)" 36 percent to 40 percent.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president_trump_job_approval-6179.html |title=President Trump Job Approval |work=[[RealClearPolitics|Real Clear Politics]]|access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/21/politics/family-separation-midterms-analysis/index.html |access-date=November 8, 2021 |title=Separated immigrant children move people's hearts, but will it move their votes?|last=Enten|first=Harry|date=June 21, 2018|website=CNN}}</ref> According to Gallup, Trump's approval rating peaked at 49 percent in several polls in early 2020; this makes him the only president to never reach a 50 percent approval rating in the Gallup poll dating to 1938.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Jeffrey M.|last=Jones|title=Last Trump Job Approval 34%; Average Is Record-Low 41%|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx|work=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|date=January 18, 2021|access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> | ||
=== Democratic backsliding === | === Democratic backsliding === | ||