Mitre Corporation: Difference between revisions

m
Text replacement - "The Wall Street Journal" to "The Wall Street Journal"
m (1 revision imported)
m (Text replacement - "The Wall Street Journal" to "The Wall Street Journal")
Line 96: Line 96:


=== Government innovation ===
=== Government innovation ===
MITRE and the British startup company Simudyne partnered to convert an "agent-based" [[financial risk]] model of "asset fire-sales and investor flight from banks and funds into a commercial product". The new system is based on one MITRE had previously created for the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]].<ref name="Davies">{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Paul J.|date=December 18, 2018|title=A New Way to Spot the Next Financial Crisis|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-way-to-spot-the-next-financial-crisis-11545131907|accessdate=October 29, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031115947/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-way-to-spot-the-next-financial-crisis-11545131907|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE has also researched cloud computing policy,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Boyd|first1=Aaron|date=October 29, 2018|title=Public Input on 'Cloud Smart' Policy Starts With a Basic Question: What Is Cloud?|url=https://www.nextgov.com/it-modernization/2018/10/public-input-cloud-smart-policy-starts-basic-question-what-cloud/152400/|access-date=December 3, 2020|website=Nextgov|archive-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230182624/https://www.nextgov.com/it-modernization/2018/10/public-input-cloud-smart-policy-starts-basic-question-what-cloud/152400/|url-status=live}}</ref> helped the U.S. federal government identify fraudulent comments intended to "spoof" public support for non-existent positions during the rulemaking process,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Russell|first1=Lia|date=January 31, 2020|title=Fighting bots and comment spam|url=https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/31/comments-spam-regulations-russell.aspx|journal=[[Federal Computer Week]]|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=October 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029114020/https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/31/comments-spam-regulations-russell.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and increased the [[Pennsylvania Department of Revenue]]'s delinquent taxpayer compliance rate.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kanowitz|first1=Stephanie|date=June 26, 2020|title=How a gentle nudge can impact government programs|work=GCN|url=https://gcn.com/articles/2020/06/26/nudge-impact-programs.aspx|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203151606/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/06/26/nudge-impact-programs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
MITRE and the British startup company Simudyne partnered to convert an "agent-based" [[financial risk]] model of "asset fire-sales and investor flight from banks and funds into a commercial product". The new system is based on one MITRE had previously created for the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]].<ref name="Davies">{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Paul J.|date=December 18, 2018|title=A New Way to Spot the Next Financial Crisis|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-way-to-spot-the-next-financial-crisis-11545131907|accessdate=October 29, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031115947/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-way-to-spot-the-next-financial-crisis-11545131907|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE has also researched cloud computing policy,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Boyd|first1=Aaron|date=October 29, 2018|title=Public Input on 'Cloud Smart' Policy Starts With a Basic Question: What Is Cloud?|url=https://www.nextgov.com/it-modernization/2018/10/public-input-cloud-smart-policy-starts-basic-question-what-cloud/152400/|access-date=December 3, 2020|website=Nextgov|archive-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230182624/https://www.nextgov.com/it-modernization/2018/10/public-input-cloud-smart-policy-starts-basic-question-what-cloud/152400/|url-status=live}}</ref> helped the U.S. federal government identify fraudulent comments intended to "spoof" public support for non-existent positions during the rulemaking process,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Russell|first1=Lia|date=January 31, 2020|title=Fighting bots and comment spam|url=https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/31/comments-spam-regulations-russell.aspx|journal=[[Federal Computer Week]]|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=October 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029114020/https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/31/comments-spam-regulations-russell.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and increased the [[Pennsylvania Department of Revenue]]'s delinquent taxpayer compliance rate.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kanowitz|first1=Stephanie|date=June 26, 2020|title=How a gentle nudge can impact government programs|work=GCN|url=https://gcn.com/articles/2020/06/26/nudge-impact-programs.aspx|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203151606/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/06/26/nudge-impact-programs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Health care ===
=== Health care ===
In 1982, Mitre authored a proposal for the State Department called "Cannabis Eradication in Foreign Western Nations." In this proposal, a plan was outlined to eradicate cannabis in participating nations within 121 days, for $19 million. The report discussed the use and safety considerations of [[paraquat]]. The plan would have been to aerially dispense paraquat over marijuana crops. One safety concern was the food crops grown alongside the marijuana crops being contaminated. A study conducted on rats by Imperial Chemical Industries was cited in the report, and claimed low health risks for paraquat. The [[U.S. Public Health Service]] commented on this study saying that due to the present squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tracts of the rats that "This study should not be used to calculate the safe inhalation dose of paraquat in humans."<ref>{{cite journal|year=1983|title=Paraquat|journal=High Times|volume=1|issue=91}}</ref>
In 1982, Mitre authored a proposal for the State Department called "Cannabis Eradication in Foreign Western Nations." In this proposal, a plan was outlined to eradicate cannabis in participating nations within 121 days, for $19 million. The report discussed the use and safety considerations of [[paraquat]]. The plan would have been to aerially dispense paraquat over marijuana crops. One safety concern was the food crops grown alongside the marijuana crops being contaminated. A study conducted on rats by Imperial Chemical Industries was cited in the report, and claimed low health risks for paraquat. The [[U.S. Public Health Service]] commented on this study saying that due to the present squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tracts of the rats that "This study should not be used to calculate the safe inhalation dose of paraquat in humans."<ref>{{cite journal|year=1983|title=Paraquat|journal=High Times|volume=1|issue=91}}</ref>


During the 1980s, MITRE worked on a digital radiological imaging project for [[MedStar Georgetown University Hospital]] and an upgrade to [[MEDLINE]] for the National Institutes of Health.<ref name="Sugawara" /> Synthea, MITRE's open source [[synthetic data]] system, "mirrors real population information in terms of demographics, disease burden, vaccinations, medical visits and social determinants",<ref name="Cohen">{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Jessica Kim|date=February 14, 2019|title=Google, Mitre Corp. to bring 'synthetic' patient data to developers|work=Becker's Hospital Review|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/google-mitre-corp-to-bring-synthetic-patient-data-to-developers.html|accessdate=October 31, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027233637/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/google-mitre-corp-to-bring-synthetic-patient-data-to-developers.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and seeks to "mimic how each patient progresses from birth to death through modular representations of various diseases and conditions".<ref name="Gershman">{{cite news|last1=Gershman|first1=Jacob|date=September 10, 2020|title=Health Data After COVID-19: More Laws, Less Privacy|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/protecting-health-data-after-covid-19-more-laws-less-privacy-11599750100|accessdate=October 31, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031033341/https://www.wsj.com/articles/protecting-health-data-after-covid-19-more-laws-less-privacy-11599750100|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE's patient [[data set]] SyntheticMass, based on "fictional" Massachusetts residents, was formatted by [[Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources]] and made available to developers via [[Google Cloud]] in 2019.<ref name="Cohen" />
During the 1980s, MITRE worked on a digital radiological imaging project for [[MedStar Georgetown University Hospital]] and an upgrade to [[MEDLINE]] for the National Institutes of Health.<ref name="Sugawara" /> Synthea, MITRE's open source [[synthetic data]] system, "mirrors real population information in terms of demographics, disease burden, vaccinations, medical visits and social determinants",<ref name="Cohen">{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Jessica Kim|date=February 14, 2019|title=Google, Mitre Corp. to bring 'synthetic' patient data to developers|work=Becker's Hospital Review|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/google-mitre-corp-to-bring-synthetic-patient-data-to-developers.html|accessdate=October 31, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027233637/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/google-mitre-corp-to-bring-synthetic-patient-data-to-developers.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and seeks to "mimic how each patient progresses from birth to death through modular representations of various diseases and conditions".<ref name="Gershman">{{cite news|last1=Gershman|first1=Jacob|date=September 10, 2020|title=Health Data After COVID-19: More Laws, Less Privacy|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/protecting-health-data-after-covid-19-more-laws-less-privacy-11599750100|accessdate=October 31, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031033341/https://www.wsj.com/articles/protecting-health-data-after-covid-19-more-laws-less-privacy-11599750100|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE's patient [[data set]] SyntheticMass, based on "fictional" Massachusetts residents, was formatted by [[Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources]] and made available to developers via [[Google Cloud]] in 2019.<ref name="Cohen" />


==== COVID-19 {{anchor|Vaccination Credential Initiative}} ====
==== COVID-19 {{anchor|Vaccination Credential Initiative}} ====
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}}In March 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], MITRE published a [[white paper]] claiming the number of confirmed and reported [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] cases "significantly underrepresent the actual number of active domestic COVID-19 infections" in the United States. MITRE said the gap was because of "limited testing capability and the multi-day period of asymptomatic infectivity associated with the COVID-19 pathogen".<ref name="Bartlett">{{cite journal|last1=Bartlett|first1=Jessica|date=March 20, 2020|title=State asks hospitals not to release coronavirus testing totals|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/20/state-asks-hospitals-not-to-release-coronavirus.html|journal=[[Boston Business Journal]]|publisher=[[American City Business Journals]]|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112233925/https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/20/state-asks-hospitals-not-to-release-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cohan">{{cite news|last1=Cohan|first1=Alexi|date=March 20, 2020|title=Coronavirus cases doubling faster in the U.S. than any other country, report says|work=[[Boston Herald]]|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-cases-doubling-faster-in-the-u-s-than-any-other-country-report-says/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100123/https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-cases-doubling-faster-in-the-u-s-than-any-other-country-report-says/|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE managed the Coronavirus Commission on Safety and Quality in Nursing Homes, announced by the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump administration]] in June 2020, to "independently and comprehensively assess" responses to the pandemic and "offer actionable recommendations to inform future responses to infectious disease outbreaks within nursing homes".<ref name="Mathews">{{cite news|last1=Mathews|first1=Anna Wilde|date=August 21, 2020|title=Covid-19 Crisis in Nursing Homes Requires Aggressive Federal Response, Panel Says|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-crisis-in-nursing-homes-requires-aggressive-federal-response-panel-says-11598015913|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114225517/https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-crisis-in-nursing-homes-requires-aggressive-federal-response-panel-says-11598015913|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mathews|first1=Anna Wilde|date=September 16, 2020|title=Covid-19 Response in Nursing Homes Faulted by Federal Panel|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-response-in-nursing-homes-faulted-by-federal-panel-11600302869|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102075212/https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-response-in-nursing-homes-faulted-by-federal-panel-11600302869|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}}In March 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], MITRE published a [[white paper]] claiming the number of confirmed and reported [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] cases "significantly underrepresent the actual number of active domestic COVID-19 infections" in the United States. MITRE said the gap was because of "limited testing capability and the multi-day period of asymptomatic infectivity associated with the COVID-19 pathogen".<ref name="Bartlett">{{cite journal|last1=Bartlett|first1=Jessica|date=March 20, 2020|title=State asks hospitals not to release coronavirus testing totals|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/20/state-asks-hospitals-not-to-release-coronavirus.html|journal=[[Boston Business Journal]]|publisher=[[American City Business Journals]]|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112233925/https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/20/state-asks-hospitals-not-to-release-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cohan">{{cite news|last1=Cohan|first1=Alexi|date=March 20, 2020|title=Coronavirus cases doubling faster in the U.S. than any other country, report says|work=[[Boston Herald]]|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-cases-doubling-faster-in-the-u-s-than-any-other-country-report-says/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100123/https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-cases-doubling-faster-in-the-u-s-than-any-other-country-report-says/|url-status=live}}</ref> MITRE managed the Coronavirus Commission on Safety and Quality in Nursing Homes, announced by the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump administration]] in June 2020, to "independently and comprehensively assess" responses to the pandemic and "offer actionable recommendations to inform future responses to infectious disease outbreaks within nursing homes".<ref name="Mathews">{{cite news|last1=Mathews|first1=Anna Wilde|date=August 21, 2020|title=Covid-19 Crisis in Nursing Homes Requires Aggressive Federal Response, Panel Says|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-crisis-in-nursing-homes-requires-aggressive-federal-response-panel-says-11598015913|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114225517/https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-crisis-in-nursing-homes-requires-aggressive-federal-response-panel-says-11598015913|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mathews|first1=Anna Wilde|date=September 16, 2020|title=Covid-19 Response in Nursing Homes Faulted by Federal Panel|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-response-in-nursing-homes-faulted-by-federal-panel-11600302869|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102075212/https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-response-in-nursing-homes-faulted-by-federal-panel-11600302869|url-status=live}}</ref>


The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) funded a $16.5 million MITRE-led project to create an enduring open source tool called Sara Alert, for monitoring symptoms of Americans exposed to COVID-19. MITRE developed the free tool in collaboration with multiple national [[public health]] organizations as well as local and [[State health agency|state health agencies]].<ref name="Tozzi">{{cite news|last1=Tozzi|first1=John|date=April 22, 2020|title=They've Got Phones, Clipboards and Virus Cases. What Do They Need? Software.|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-22/here-s-how-to-track-covid-cases-using-data-so-economy-can-reopen|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520172145/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-22/here-s-how-to-track-covid-cases-using-data-so-economy-can-reopen|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vox">{{cite news|last1=Morrison|first1=Sara|date=May 20, 2020|title=Apple and Google roll out their new exposure notification tool. Interest seems limited.|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/20/21264045/apple-google-exposure-notification-contact-tracing-release|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101181746/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/20/21264045/apple-google-exposure-notification-contact-tracing-release|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WAGM">{{cite news|date=May 26, 2020|title=Maine Expands Contact Tracing to Limit the Spread of COVID-19|publisher=[[WAGM-TV]]|url=https://www.wagmtv.com/content/news/Maine-Expands-Contact-Tracing-to-Limit-the-Spread-of-COVID-19-570773221.html|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=June 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191350/https://www.wagmtv.com/content/news/Maine-Expands-Contact-Tracing-to-Limit-the-Spread-of-COVID-19-570773221.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2020, Sara Alert launched in Arkansas and was being tested in [[Danbury, Connecticut]] as well as the Northern Mariana Islands, with data being maintained by the [[Association of Public Health Laboratories]].<ref name="Waddell">{{cite web|last1=Waddell|first1=Kaveh|date=April 24, 2020|title=Tracking Everyone With Coronavirus Is a Huge Task. These Systems Could Help.|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/public-health/tracking-coronavirus-is-a-huge-task-these-systems-could-help/|publisher=[[Consumer Reports]]|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025222701/https://www.consumerreports.org/public-health/tracking-coronavirus-is-a-huge-task-these-systems-could-help/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sara Alert was being used in Idaho, Maine,<ref name="WAGM" /> Pennsylvania, and Virginia by the end of May,<ref name="Vox" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Elliot C.|last2=Gathright|first2=Jenny|last3=Cheslow|first3=Daniella|date=August 11, 2020|title=As Contact Tracing Ramps Up In The D.C. Region, What Have We Learned So Far?|publisher=[[WAMU]]|url=https://wamu.org/story/20/08/11/dc-md-va-region-contact-tracers-coronavirus-questions-answered-faq/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819233956/https://wamu.org/story/20/08/11/dc-md-va-region-contact-tracers-coronavirus-questions-answered-faq/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Guam by October.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 2, 2020|title=Public Health launches Sara Alert to limit the spread of COVID-19. What we know.|work=[[Pacific Daily News]]|url=https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/10/01/public-health-sara-alert-tool-covid-guam/5877046002/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219004135/https://www.guampdn.com/news/local/public-health-launches-sara-alert-to-limit-the-spread-of-covid-19-what-we-know/article_82893db1-653b-50be-87cf-e8501963ec0c.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Since January 2021, MITRE has co-lead a coalition known as the Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI), which is composed of over 300 technology and healthcare organizations developing a technical standard for verifying vaccination and other clinical information.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Manas|last2=Khandekar|first2=Amruta|date=January 14, 2021|title=Microsoft, Cigna form coalition for digital records of COVID-19 vaccination|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN29J1OH|access-date=March 22, 2021|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226182602/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN29J1OH|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reader|first1=Ruth|date=January 14, 2021|title=Tech giants want to help you prove you've been vaccinated for COVID-19|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90594097/how-to-prove-you-have-received-covid-19-vaccinaton|journal=[[Fast Company]]|access-date=March 22, 2021|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302211144/https://www.fastcompany.com/90594097/how-to-prove-you-have-received-covid-19-vaccinaton|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) funded a $16.5 million MITRE-led project to create an enduring open source tool called Sara Alert, for monitoring symptoms of Americans exposed to COVID-19. MITRE developed the free tool in collaboration with multiple national [[public health]] organizations as well as local and [[State health agency|state health agencies]].<ref name="Tozzi">{{cite news|last1=Tozzi|first1=John|date=April 22, 2020|title=They've Got Phones, Clipboards and Virus Cases. What Do They Need? Software.|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-22/here-s-how-to-track-covid-cases-using-data-so-economy-can-reopen|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520172145/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-22/here-s-how-to-track-covid-cases-using-data-so-economy-can-reopen|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vox">{{cite news|last1=Morrison|first1=Sara|date=May 20, 2020|title=Apple and Google roll out their new exposure notification tool. Interest seems limited.|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/20/21264045/apple-google-exposure-notification-contact-tracing-release|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101181746/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/20/21264045/apple-google-exposure-notification-contact-tracing-release|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WAGM">{{cite news|date=May 26, 2020|title=Maine Expands Contact Tracing to Limit the Spread of COVID-19|publisher=[[WAGM-TV]]|url=https://www.wagmtv.com/content/news/Maine-Expands-Contact-Tracing-to-Limit-the-Spread-of-COVID-19-570773221.html|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=June 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191350/https://www.wagmtv.com/content/news/Maine-Expands-Contact-Tracing-to-Limit-the-Spread-of-COVID-19-570773221.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2020, Sara Alert launched in Arkansas and was being tested in [[Danbury, Connecticut]] as well as the Northern Mariana Islands, with data being maintained by the [[Association of Public Health Laboratories]].<ref name="Waddell">{{cite web|last1=Waddell|first1=Kaveh|date=April 24, 2020|title=Tracking Everyone With Coronavirus Is a Huge Task. These Systems Could Help.|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/public-health/tracking-coronavirus-is-a-huge-task-these-systems-could-help/|publisher=[[Consumer Reports]]|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025222701/https://www.consumerreports.org/public-health/tracking-coronavirus-is-a-huge-task-these-systems-could-help/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sara Alert was being used in Idaho, Maine,<ref name="WAGM" /> Pennsylvania, and Virginia by the end of May,<ref name="Vox" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Elliot C.|last2=Gathright|first2=Jenny|last3=Cheslow|first3=Daniella|date=August 11, 2020|title=As Contact Tracing Ramps Up In The D.C. Region, What Have We Learned So Far?|publisher=[[WAMU]]|url=https://wamu.org/story/20/08/11/dc-md-va-region-contact-tracers-coronavirus-questions-answered-faq/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819233956/https://wamu.org/story/20/08/11/dc-md-va-region-contact-tracers-coronavirus-questions-answered-faq/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Guam by October.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 2, 2020|title=Public Health launches Sara Alert to limit the spread of COVID-19. What we know.|work=[[Pacific Daily News]]|url=https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/10/01/public-health-sara-alert-tool-covid-guam/5877046002/|accessdate=October 27, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219004135/https://www.guampdn.com/news/local/public-health-launches-sara-alert-to-limit-the-spread-of-covid-19-what-we-know/article_82893db1-653b-50be-87cf-e8501963ec0c.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Since January 2021, MITRE has co-lead a coalition known as the Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI), which is composed of over 300 technology and healthcare organizations developing a technical standard for verifying vaccination and other clinical information.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Manas|last2=Khandekar|first2=Amruta|date=January 14, 2021|title=Microsoft, Cigna form coalition for digital records of COVID-19 vaccination|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN29J1OH|access-date=March 22, 2021|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226182602/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN29J1OH|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reader|first1=Ruth|date=January 14, 2021|title=Tech giants want to help you prove you've been vaccinated for COVID-19|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90594097/how-to-prove-you-have-received-covid-19-vaccinaton|journal=[[Fast Company]]|access-date=March 22, 2021|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302211144/https://www.fastcompany.com/90594097/how-to-prove-you-have-received-covid-19-vaccinaton|url-status=live}}</ref>