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United States Naval Observatory: Difference between revisions
United States Naval Observatory (view source)
Revision as of 23:42, 21 December 2024
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By the early 1870s the USNO daily noon-time signal was distributed electrically, nationwide, via the [[Western Union]] Telegraph Company. Time was also "sold" to the railroads<ref>{{cite book | last=Bartky | first=Ian R. | title=Selling the True Time | publisher=Stanford University Press | publication-place=Stanford, Calif | date=2000 | isbn=978-0-8047-3874-3 | p=199}}</ref> and was used in conjunction with [[railroad chronometer]]s to schedule American rail transport. Early in the 20th century, the service was broadcast by radio, with Arlington time signal available to those with [[wireless]] receivers. | By the early 1870s the USNO daily noon-time signal was distributed electrically, nationwide, via the [[Western Union]] Telegraph Company. Time was also "sold" to the railroads<ref>{{cite book | last=Bartky | first=Ian R. | title=Selling the True Time | publisher=Stanford University Press | publication-place=Stanford, Calif | date=2000 | isbn=978-0-8047-3874-3 | p=199}}</ref> and was used in conjunction with [[railroad chronometer]]s to schedule American rail transport. Early in the 20th century, the service was broadcast by radio, with Arlington time signal available to those with [[wireless]] receivers. | ||
In November 1913 the [[Paris Observatory]], using the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Eiffel Tower#Communications|as an antenna]], exchanged sustained wireless (radio) signals with the U.S. Naval Observatory to determine the exact difference of longitude between the two institutions, via an antenna in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Paris time by wireless |date=22 November 1913 |newspaper= | In November 1913 the [[Paris Observatory]], using the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Eiffel Tower#Communications|as an antenna]], exchanged sustained wireless (radio) signals with the U.S. Naval Observatory to determine the exact difference of longitude between the two institutions, via an antenna in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Paris time by wireless |date=22 November 1913 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1}}</ref> | ||
The U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington continues to be a major authority in the areas of [[Precise Time and Time Interval]], [[Earth Orientation Parameters|Earth orientation]], [[astrometry]], and celestial observation. In collaboration with many national and international scientific establishments, it determines the timing and astronomical data required for accurate [[navigation]], [[astrometry]], and fundamental [[astronomy]], and [[Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Subroutines|calculation methods]] — and distributes this information (such as [[Star catalogue|star catalogs]])<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command |title=Catalog information |series=Naval Oceanography Portal |website=usno.navy.mil |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/information/catalog-info |access-date=2011-07-27 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726022418/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/information/catalog-info |url-status=dead }}</ref> on-line and in the annual publications ''[[The Astronomical Almanac]]'' and ''[[The Nautical Almanac]]''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command |title=Interactive catalog and image search |series=Naval Oceanography Portal |website=usno.navy.mil |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/icas/fchpix |access-date=2011-07-27 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726022359/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/icas/fchpix |url-status=live }}</ref> | The U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington continues to be a major authority in the areas of [[Precise Time and Time Interval]], [[Earth Orientation Parameters|Earth orientation]], [[astrometry]], and celestial observation. In collaboration with many national and international scientific establishments, it determines the timing and astronomical data required for accurate [[navigation]], [[astrometry]], and fundamental [[astronomy]], and [[Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Subroutines|calculation methods]] — and distributes this information (such as [[Star catalogue|star catalogs]])<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command |title=Catalog information |series=Naval Oceanography Portal |website=usno.navy.mil |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/information/catalog-info |access-date=2011-07-27 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726022418/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/information/catalog-info |url-status=dead }}</ref> on-line and in the annual publications ''[[The Astronomical Almanac]]'' and ''[[The Nautical Almanac]]''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command |title=Interactive catalog and image search |series=Naval Oceanography Portal |website=usno.navy.mil |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/icas/fchpix |access-date=2011-07-27 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726022359/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/icas/fchpix |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||