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Immigration and Customs Enforcement: Difference between revisions

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (view source)

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Originally a part of the U.S. Customs Service's Office of Investigations, the [[Office of Air and Marine]] (then called the Air and Marine Interdiction Division) was transferred to ICE in 2003 during the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, becoming the Office of Air and Marine Operations. Due in part to a 500 million dollar budgetary dispute between CBP and ICE, in 2004 ICE Air and Marine Operations was transferred to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. CBP Air and Marine still works closely with ICE to support the agency's domestic and international law enforcement operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbp.gov/hot-new/pressrel/2001/0316-00.htm |title=2000 Archived Press Releases |publisher=Customs and Border Protection |date=March 16, 2001 |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223213853/http://www.cbp.gov/hot-new/pressrel/2001/0316-00.htm |archive-date=December 23, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/features/2006/03/management-mess/21284/ |title=Management Mess – Features – Magazine |publisher=GovExec.com |date=March 1, 2006 |access-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbp.gov/xp/CustomsToday/2004/oct_nov/other/welcome_air.xml |title=CBP Today – October/November 2004 – Welcome Air and Marine Operations |publisher=Customs and Border Protection |date=October 31, 2004 |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023174551/http://www.cbp.gov/xp/CustomsToday/2004/oct_nov/other/welcome_air.xml |archive-date=October 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/features/2006/03/wasted-year/21283/ |title=Wasted Year |publisher=GovExec.com |date=March 2006 |access-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref>
Originally a part of the U.S. Customs Service's Office of Investigations, the [[Office of Air and Marine]] (then called the Air and Marine Interdiction Division) was transferred to ICE in 2003 during the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, becoming the Office of Air and Marine Operations. Due in part to a 500 million dollar budgetary dispute between CBP and ICE, in 2004 ICE Air and Marine Operations was transferred to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. CBP Air and Marine still works closely with ICE to support the agency's domestic and international law enforcement operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbp.gov/hot-new/pressrel/2001/0316-00.htm |title=2000 Archived Press Releases |publisher=Customs and Border Protection |date=March 16, 2001 |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223213853/http://www.cbp.gov/hot-new/pressrel/2001/0316-00.htm |archive-date=December 23, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/features/2006/03/management-mess/21284/ |title=Management Mess – Features – Magazine |publisher=GovExec.com |date=March 1, 2006 |access-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbp.gov/xp/CustomsToday/2004/oct_nov/other/welcome_air.xml |title=CBP Today – October/November 2004 – Welcome Air and Marine Operations |publisher=Customs and Border Protection |date=October 31, 2004 |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023174551/http://www.cbp.gov/xp/CustomsToday/2004/oct_nov/other/welcome_air.xml |archive-date=October 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/features/2006/03/wasted-year/21283/ |title=Wasted Year |publisher=GovExec.com |date=March 2006 |access-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref>


The Office of Detention Policy and Planning was responsible developing and maintaining ICE's National Detention Standards, which set out detailed rules for how immigration detainees were to be treated differently than criminal inmates.<ref name=NYT14april17>{{cite news|last1=Dickerson|first1=Caitlin|title=Trump Plan Would Curtail Protections for Detained Immigrants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/13/us/detained-immigrants-may-face-harsher-conditions-under-trump.html|access-date=April 15, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 14, 2017|page=A1}}</ref> In April 2017, President [[Donald Trump]] decided to close the office and to stop including the standards in new jail contracts.<ref name=NYT14april17/>
The Office of Detention Policy and Planning was responsible developing and maintaining ICE's National Detention Standards, which set out detailed rules for how immigration detainees were to be treated differently than criminal inmates.<ref name=NYT14april17>{{cite news|last1=Dickerson|first1=Caitlin|title=Trump Plan Would Curtail Protections for Detained Immigrants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/13/us/detained-immigrants-may-face-harsher-conditions-under-trump.html|access-date=April 15, 2017 |work=The New York Times|date=April 14, 2017|page=A1}}</ref> In April 2017, President [[Donald Trump]] decided to close the office and to stop including the standards in new jail contracts.<ref name=NYT14april17/>


==Assistant Secretaries and Directors==
==Assistant Secretaries and Directors==
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==ERO Detention centers==
==ERO Detention centers==
{{main|Immigration detention in the United States}}
{{main|Immigration detention in the United States}}
ICE ERO operates detention centers throughout the United States that detain [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] who are apprehended and placed into removal proceedings. About 34,000 people are held in immigration detention on any given day,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/immigration_detention_us/incustody_deaths/index.html |title=In-Custody Deaths |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Nina |last=Bernstein |access-date=May 26, 2010}}</ref> in over 500 detention centers, jails, and prisons nationwide.<ref name=Kalhan2010>{{cite journal |title=Rethinking Immigration Detention |ssrn=1556867 |year=2010 |author=Anil Kalhan |journal=Columbia Law Review Sidebar |pages=42–58 |volume=110}}</ref> Those detained are both illegal immigrants apprehended by ERO and other agencies such as Border Patrol.
ICE ERO operates detention centers throughout the United States that detain [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] who are apprehended and placed into removal proceedings. About 34,000 people are held in immigration detention on any given day,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/immigration_detention_us/incustody_deaths/index.html |title=In-Custody Deaths |work=The New York Times |first=Nina |last=Bernstein |access-date=May 26, 2010}}</ref> in over 500 detention centers, jails, and prisons nationwide.<ref name=Kalhan2010>{{cite journal |title=Rethinking Immigration Detention |ssrn=1556867 |year=2010 |author=Anil Kalhan |journal=Columbia Law Review Sidebar |pages=42–58 |volume=110}}</ref> Those detained are both illegal immigrants apprehended by ERO and other agencies such as Border Patrol.


Due to the United States detention bed quota, mandated by Congress, that number will increase rather than decrease. The quota mandates at least 34,000 beds available for immigrants on any given day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.immigrantjustice.org/eliminate-detention-bed-quota|title=Detention Bed Quota|website=National Immigrant Justice Center|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/11/19/245968601/little-known-immigration-mandate-keeps-detention-beds-full|title=Little-Known Immigration Mandate Keeps Detention Beds Full|work=NPR.org|access-date=June 11, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Under the Trump administration, the number of people being detained on any given day increased to 52,500 in early June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/24-immigrants-have-died-ice-custody-during-trump-administration-n1015291|title=24 immigrants have died in ICE custody during the Trump administration|website=NBC News|date=June 9, 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref>
Due to the United States detention bed quota, mandated by Congress, that number will increase rather than decrease. The quota mandates at least 34,000 beds available for immigrants on any given day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.immigrantjustice.org/eliminate-detention-bed-quota|title=Detention Bed Quota|website=National Immigrant Justice Center|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/11/19/245968601/little-known-immigration-mandate-keeps-detention-beds-full|title=Little-Known Immigration Mandate Keeps Detention Beds Full|work=NPR.org|access-date=June 11, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Under the Trump administration, the number of people being detained on any given day increased to 52,500 in early June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/24-immigrants-have-died-ice-custody-during-trump-administration-n1015291|title=24 immigrants have died in ICE custody during the Trump administration|website=NBC News|date=June 9, 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref>
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