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 ==Early life and career==
-Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in [[Hope, Arkansas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%257Eseanjmurphy/dir/pres.htm |title=Directory of Irish Genealogy: American Presidents with Irish Ancestors |publisher=Homepage.eircom.net |date=March 23, 2004 |access-date=August 30, 2011}}</ref> He is the son of [[William Jefferson Blythe Jr.]], a traveling salesman who died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and [[Virginia Clinton Kelley|Virginia Dell Cassidy]] (later Virginia Kelley).<ref name="whitehouse.gov bio">{{cite web |title=Biography of William J. Clinton |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=August 30, 2011 }}</ref> Blythe had initially survived the crash, but drowned in a drainage ditch.  His parents had married on September 4, 1943, but this union later proved to be bigamous, as Blythe was still married to his fourth wife.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/21/us/clinton-reported-to-have-a-brother-he-never-met.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 21, 1993|first=Edmund L.|last=Andrews |author-link=Edmund L. Andrews |title=Clinton Reported to Have A Brother He Never Met}}</ref> Virginia traveled to [[New Orleans]] to study nursing soon after Bill was born, leaving him in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store.<ref name="My Life" /> At a time when the southern United States was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]], Clinton's grandparents sold goods on [[credit (finance)|credit]] to people of all races.<ref name="My Life" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Chafe |first=William H. |author-link=William Chafe |date=2012 |title=Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QtSjqGxPkM0C&pg=PA11 |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |page=11 |isbn=978-0-8090-9465-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Landres |editor1-first=J. Shawn |editor-link=Shawn Landres |date=1992 |title=Bill Clinton: The Inside Story |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63OGMhI5ISgC&pg=PA5 |location=New York |publisher=S.P.I. Books |pages=5–6 |isbn=978-1-5617-1177-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Takiff |first=Michael |date=2010 |title=A Complicated Man: The Life of Bill Clinton as Told by Those who Know Him |url=https://archive.org/details/complicatedmanl00taki |url-access=registration |location=New Haven, Conn. |publisher=Yale University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/complicatedmanl00taki/page/4 4] |isbn=978-0-3001-2130-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |editor1-last=Flanagan |editor1-first=Sylvia P. |date=September 8, 1997 |title=First Black Food Stamp Chief has Ties to President Clinton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3j8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 |magazine=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher=John N. Johnson |page=10}}</ref> In 1950, Bill's mother returned from nursing school and married [[Roger Clinton Sr.]], who co-owned an [[Car dealership|automobile dealership]] in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]], with his brother and [[Earl T. Ricks]].<ref name="My Life">{{Cite book|last=Clinton|first=Bill|title=My Life|publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2004|isbn=978-1-4000-3003-3}}</ref> The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ken|last=Gormley|author-link=Ken Gormley (academic)|title=The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr|publisher=[[Crown Publishers]]|location=New York|year=2010|isbn=978-0-307-40944-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deathofamericanv00gorm/page/16 16–17]|url=https://archive.org/details/deathofamericanv00gorm/page/16}}</ref>[[File:President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site May 2018 3 (Bill Clinton Birthplace).jpg|thumb|Clinton's [[President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site|birthplace]] home in [[Hope, Arkansas]]|left]]Although he immediately assumed use of his stepfather's surname, it was not until Clinton turned 15<ref name="Oprah Talks to Bill Clinton">{{cite web |url=http://www.oprah.com/omagazine/Oprah-Interviews-President-Bill-Clinton/3|title=Oprah Talks to Bill Clinton|work=[[O, The Oprah Magazine]] |date=August 2004 |access-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref> that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward him.<ref name="My Life" /> Clinton has described his stepfather as a gambler and an alcoholic who regularly abused his mother and half-brother, [[Roger Clinton Jr.]] The physical abuse only ceased after a then-14-year-old Bill challenged his stepfather to "stand and face" him, though the verbal/emotional abuse continued.<ref name="First in His Class">{{Cite book|last=Maraniss|first=David |author-link=David Maraniss |title=First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton|publisher=Touchstone|page=40|year=1996|isbn=978-0-684-81890-0|url=https://archive.org/details/firstinhisclass00davi}}</ref> Bill would eventually forgive Roger Sr. for his abusive actions near the latter's death.<ref name="Holmes">{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=David|title=The Faiths of the Postwar Presidents. From Truman to Obama |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year= 2012 |page=148 |isbn=9780820338620}}</ref><ref name="Levin">{{cite book |last=Levin |first=Robert | title=Bill Clinton. The Inside Story|publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=1992 |page=52 |isbn=9781561711772}}</ref>
+Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in [[Hope, Arkansas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%257Eseanjmurphy/dir/pres.htm |title=Directory of Irish Genealogy: American Presidents with Irish Ancestors |publisher=Homepage.eircom.net |date=March 23, 2004 |access-date=August 30, 2011}}</ref> He is the son of [[William Jefferson Blythe Jr.]], a traveling salesman who died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and [[Virginia Clinton Kelley|Virginia Dell Cassidy]] (later Virginia Kelley).<ref name="whitehouse.gov bio">{{cite web |title=Biography of William J. Clinton |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=August 30, 2011 }}</ref> Blythe had initially survived the crash, but drowned in a drainage ditch.  His parents had married on September 4, 1943, but this union later proved to be bigamous, as Blythe was still married to his fourth wife.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/21/us/clinton-reported-to-have-a-brother-he-never-met.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 21, 1993|first=Edmund L.|last=Andrews |author-link=Edmund L. Andrews |title=Clinton Reported to Have A Brother He Never Met}}</ref> Virginia traveled to [[New Orleans]] to study nursing soon after Bill was born, leaving him in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store.<ref name="My Life" /> At a time when the southern United States was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]], Clinton's grandparents sold goods on [[credit (finance)|credit]] to people of all races.<ref name="My Life" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Chafe |first=William H. |author-link=William Chafe |date=2012 |title=Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QtSjqGxPkM0C&pg=PA11 |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |page=11 |isbn=978-0-8090-9465-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Landres |editor1-first=J. Shawn |editor-link=Shawn Landres |date=1992 |title=Bill Clinton: The Inside Story |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63OGMhI5ISgC&pg=PA5 |location=New York |publisher=S.P.I. Books |pages=5–6 |isbn=978-1-5617-1177-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Takiff |first=Michael |date=2010 |title=A Complicated Man: The Life of Bill Clinton as Told by Those who Know Him |url=https://archive.org/details/complicatedmanl00taki |url-access=registration |location=New Haven, Conn. |publisher=Yale University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/complicatedmanl00taki/page/4 4] |isbn=978-0-3001-2130-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |editor1-last=Flanagan |editor1-first=Sylvia P. |date=September 8, 1997 |title=First Black Food Stamp Chief has Ties to President Clinton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3j8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 |magazine=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher=John N. Johnson |page=10}}</ref> In 1950, Bill's mother returned from nursing school and married [[Roger Clinton Sr.]], who co-owned an [[Car dealership|automobile dealership]] in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]], with his brother and [[Earl T. Ricks]].<ref name="My Life">{{Cite book|last=Clinton|first=Bill|title=My Life|publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2004|isbn=978-1-4000-3003-3}}</ref> The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ken|last=Gormley|author-link=Ken Gormley (academic)|title=The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr|publisher=[[Crown Publishers]]|location=New York|year=2010|isbn=978-0-307-40944-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deathofamericanv00gorm/page/16 16–17]|url=https://archive.org/details/deathofamericanv00gorm/page/16}}</ref>[[File:President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site May 2018 3 (Bill Clinton Birthplace).jpg|thumb|Clinton's [[President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site|birthplace]] home in [[Hope, Arkansas]]|left]]Although he immediately assumed use of his stepfather's surname, it was not until Clinton turned 15<ref name="Oprah Talks to Bill Clinton">{{cite web |url=http://www.oprah.com/omagazine/Oprah-Interviews-President-Bill-Clinton/3|title=Oprah Talks to Bill Clinton|work=[[O, The Oprah Magazine]] |date=August 2004 |access-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref> that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward him.<ref name="My Life" /> Clinton has described his stepfather as a gambler and an alcoholic who regularly abused his mother and half-brother, [[Roger Clinton Jr.]] The physical abuse only ceased after a then-14-year-old Bill challenged his stepfather to "stand and face" him, though the verbal/emotional abuse continued.<ref name="First in His Class">{{Cite book|last=Maraniss|first=David |author-link=David Maraniss |title=First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton|publisher=Touchstone|page=40|year=1996|isbn=978-0-684-81890-0|url=https://archive.org/details/firstinhisclass00davi}}</ref> Bill would eventually forgive Roger Sr. for his abusive actions near the latter's death.<ref name="Holmes">{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=David|title=The Faiths of the Postwar Presidents. From Truman to Obama |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year= 2012 |page=148 |isbn=9780820338620}}</ref><ref name="Levin">{{cite book |last=Levin |first=Robert | title=Bill Clinton. The Inside Story|publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=1992 |page=52 |isbn=9781561711772}}</ref>
 In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. John's Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and the [[School segregation in the United States|segregated]] [[Hot Springs High School (Arkansas)|Hot Springs High School]], where he was an active student leader, avid reader, and musician.<ref name="My Life" /> Clinton was in the chorus and played the [[tenor saxophone]], winning first chair in the state band's saxophone section. While in high school, Clinton performed for two years in a jazz trio, [[3 Kings (jazz trio)|The 3 Kings]], with [[Randy Goodrum]], who became a successful professional pianist.<ref>{{cite book | last =Levin | first =Robert | authorlink = | title =  Bill Clinton: The Inside Story| publisher =S.P.I. Books | series = | volume = | edition = | date =1992 | location = | pages = 26–29| language = | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=63OGMhI5ISgC&dq=Randy+Goodrum+Bill+Clinton&pg=PA26 | doi = | id = | isbn =9781561711772 | quote=}}</ref>
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 During the campaign, questions of [[conflict of interest]] regarding state business and the politically powerful [[Rose Law Firm]], at which Hillary Rodham Clinton was a partner, arose. Clinton argued the questions were moot because all transactions with the state had been deducted before determining Hillary's firm pay.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ifill | first=Gwen | title=Hillary Clinton Defends Her Conduct in Law Firm | work=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/17/us/the-1992-campaign-hillary-clinton-defends-her-conduct-in-law-firm.html | date=March 17, 1992 | access-date=March 28, 2008}}</ref> Further concern arose when Bill Clinton announced that, with Hillary, voters would be getting two presidents "for the price of one".<ref>{{Cite news | last1=MacGillis | first1=Alec |last2=Kornblut |first2=Anne E. | title=Hillary Clinton Embraces Her Husband's Legacy | newspaper=The Washington Post | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/21/AR2007122102588.html | page=A1 | date=December 21, 2007 | access-date=March 28, 2008}}</ref>
-Clinton was still the governor of Arkansas while campaigning for U.S. president, and he returned to his home state to see that [[Ricky Ray Rector]] would be executed. After killing a police officer and a civilian, Rector shot himself in the head, leading to what his lawyers said was a state where he could still talk but did not understand the idea of death. According to both Arkansas state law and federal law, a seriously mentally impaired inmate cannot be executed. The courts disagreed with the allegation of grave mental impairment and allowed the execution. Clinton's return to Arkansas for the execution was framed in an article for ''[[The New York Times]]'' as a possible political move to counter "soft on crime" accusations.<ref name="mbsrgd">[[George Stephanopoulos]], ''All Too Human: A Political Education'', 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-316-92919-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Applebome | first=Peter | title=Arkansas Execution Raises Questions on Governor's Politics | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/1992-campaign-death-penalty-arkansas-execution-raises-questions-governor-s.html | work=The New York Times | date=January 25, 1992 | access-date=March 28, 2008}}</ref>
+Clinton was still the governor of Arkansas while campaigning for U.S. president, and he returned to his home state to see that [[Ricky Ray Rector]] would be executed. After killing a police officer and a civilian, Rector shot himself in the head, leading to what his lawyers said was a state where he could still talk but did not understand the idea of death. According to both Arkansas state law and federal law, a seriously mentally impaired inmate cannot be executed. The courts disagreed with the allegation of grave mental impairment and allowed the execution. Clinton's return to Arkansas for the execution was framed in an article for ''The New York Times'' as a possible political move to counter "soft on crime" accusations.<ref name="mbsrgd">[[George Stephanopoulos]], ''All Too Human: A Political Education'', 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-316-92919-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Applebome | first=Peter | title=Arkansas Execution Raises Questions on Governor's Politics | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/1992-campaign-death-penalty-arkansas-execution-raises-questions-governor-s.html | work=The New York Times | date=January 25, 1992 | access-date=March 28, 2008}}</ref>
 Bush's [[United States presidential approval rating|approval ratings]] were around 80&nbsp;percent during the [[Gulf War]], and he was described as unbeatable. When Bush compromised with Democrats to try to lower federal deficits, he reneged on his [[Read my lips: no new taxes|promise not to raise taxes]], which hurt his approval rating. Clinton repeatedly condemned Bush for making a promise he failed to keep.<ref name="The Choice" /> By election time, the economy was souring and Bush saw his approval rating plummet to just slightly over 40&nbsp;percent.<ref name="The Choice" /><ref>{{Cite news | title=How the Presidents Stack Up: A look at U.S. presidents' job-approval ratings | work=The Wall Street Journal | year=2006 | url=https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-presapp0605-31.html | access-date=October 30, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081025015927/http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-presapp0605-31.html| archive-date= October 25, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> Finally, conservatives were previously united by anti-communism, but with the end of the Cold War, the party lacked a uniting issue. When [[Pat Buchanan]] and [[Pat Robertson]] addressed Christian themes at the [[1992 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]]—with Bush criticizing Democrats for omitting God from their platform—many moderates were alienated.<ref>{{cite web | last=Le Beau | first=Bryan | title=The Political Mobilization of the New Christian Right | date=December 10, 1998 | publisher=[[Creighton University]] | url=http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm | access-date=December 1, 2006 | archive-date=December 6, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206022453/http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> Clinton then pointed to his moderate, "New Democrat" record as governor of Arkansas, though some on the more liberal side of the party remained suspicious.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Walker | first=Martin | title=Tough love child of Kennedy | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1992/jan/06/usa.martinwalker | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=January 6, 1992 |access-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> Many Democrats who had supported Ronald Reagan and Bush in previous elections switched their support to Clinton.<ref name=BBConthisday>{{cite news | title=On this day (November 4) in 1992: Clinton beats Bush to the White House | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_3659000/3659498.stm | date=November 4, 1992 | access-date=October 31, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081218141055/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_3659000/3659498.stm| archive-date= December 18, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> Clinton and his running mate, [[Al Gore]], toured the country during the final weeks of the campaign, shoring up support and pledging a "new beginning".<ref name=BBConthisday />
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 Also in 1998, [[Juanita Broaddrick]] alleged that Clinton had raped her in the spring of 1978, although she said she did not remember the exact date.<ref name=CapitalHillBlueWebArchive1>{{cite web | url=http://www.capitolhillblue.com/Feb1999/022599/datelinetranscript022599.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216043650/http://www.capitolhillblue.com/Feb1999/022599/datelinetranscript022599.htm | archive-date=February 16, 2006 | title=Full Transcript of NBC Dateline report on Juanita Broaddrick | date=February 1999}}</ref> To support her charge, Broaddrick notes that she told multiple witnesses in 1978 she had been raped by Clinton, something these witnesses also state in interviews to the press.<ref name="vox.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/1/6/10722580/bill-clinton-juanita-broaddrick|title=The rape allegation against Bill Clinton, explained|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|work=Vox|date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> Broaddrick had earlier filed an affidavit denying any "unwelcome sexual advances" and later repeated the denial in a sworn deposition.<ref name="CapitalHillBlueWebArchive1"/> In a 1998 NBC interview wherein she detailed the alleged rape, Broaddrick said she had denied (under oath) being raped only to avoid testifying about the ordeal publicly.<ref name="CapitalHillBlueWebArchive1"/>
-The Lewinsky scandal has had an enduring impact on Clinton's legacy, beyond his impeachment in 1998.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/02/us/politics/bill-clinton-elections-democrats.html|title = No One Wants to Campaign With Bill Clinton Anymore|date = November 2, 2018|work = [[The New York Times]]|last = Lerer|first = Lisa}}</ref> In the wake of the #MeToo movement (which shed light on the widespread prevalence of [[sexual assault]] and [[Sexual harassment|harassment]], especially in the workplace), various commentators and Democratic political leaders, as well as Lewinsky herself, have revisited their view that the Lewinsky affair was consensual, and instead characterized it as an abuse of power or harassment, in light of the power differential between a president and a 22-year-old intern. In 2018, Clinton was asked in several interviews about whether he should have resigned, and he said he had made the right decision in not resigning.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/clinton-i-wouldn-t-have-done-anything-differently-lewinsky-affair-n879721|title=Bill Clinton: I wouldn't have done anything differently with Lewinsky affair|work=NBC News|first=Adam|last=Edelman|date=June 4, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> During the [[2018 U.S. election|2018 Congressional elections]], ''The New York Times'' alleged that having no Democratic candidate for office asking Clinton to campaign with them was a change that attributed to the revised understanding of the Lewinsky scandal.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> However, former DNC interim chair [[Donna Brazile]] previously urged Clinton in November 2017 to campaign during the 2018 midterm elections, in spite of New York U.S. senator [[Kirsten Gillibrand]]'s recent criticism of the Lewinsky scandal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/11/22/donna-brazile-bill-clinton-campaign-trail-democrats/|title=Donna Brazile: Bill Clinton Should Hit The Campaign Trail For Democrats In 2018|first=Nicholas|last=Ballasy|publisher=The Intercept|date=November 27, 2017|access-date=December 25, 2020}}</ref>
+The Lewinsky scandal has had an enduring impact on Clinton's legacy, beyond his impeachment in 1998.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/02/us/politics/bill-clinton-elections-democrats.html|title = No One Wants to Campaign With Bill Clinton Anymore|date = November 2, 2018|work = The New York Times|last = Lerer|first = Lisa}}</ref> In the wake of the #MeToo movement (which shed light on the widespread prevalence of [[sexual assault]] and [[Sexual harassment|harassment]], especially in the workplace), various commentators and Democratic political leaders, as well as Lewinsky herself, have revisited their view that the Lewinsky affair was consensual, and instead characterized it as an abuse of power or harassment, in light of the power differential between a president and a 22-year-old intern. In 2018, Clinton was asked in several interviews about whether he should have resigned, and he said he had made the right decision in not resigning.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/clinton-i-wouldn-t-have-done-anything-differently-lewinsky-affair-n879721|title=Bill Clinton: I wouldn't have done anything differently with Lewinsky affair|work=NBC News|first=Adam|last=Edelman|date=June 4, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> During the [[2018 U.S. election|2018 Congressional elections]], ''The New York Times'' alleged that having no Democratic candidate for office asking Clinton to campaign with them was a change that attributed to the revised understanding of the Lewinsky scandal.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> However, former DNC interim chair [[Donna Brazile]] previously urged Clinton in November 2017 to campaign during the 2018 midterm elections, in spite of New York U.S. senator [[Kirsten Gillibrand]]'s recent criticism of the Lewinsky scandal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/11/22/donna-brazile-bill-clinton-campaign-trail-democrats/|title=Donna Brazile: Bill Clinton Should Hit The Campaign Trail For Democrats In 2018|first=Nicholas|last=Ballasy|publisher=The Intercept|date=November 27, 2017|access-date=December 25, 2020}}</ref>
 === Alleged affairs ===
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 The Clintons incurred several million dollars in legal bills during his presidency, which were paid off four years after he left office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/clintons-pay-off-legal-bills | title=Clintons Pay Off Legal Bills | website=[[CBS News]] | date=June 14, 2005 | access-date=March 28, 2015}}</ref> Bill and Hillary Clinton have each earned millions of dollars from book publishing.<ref name="NYT-2008-04-05">{{cite news | last=McIntire | first=Mike | title=Clintons made $109 Million in Last 8 Years | date=April 5, 2008 | work=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/05/us/politics/05clintons.html}}</ref> In 2016, ''[[Forbes]]'' reported Bill and Hillary Clinton made about $240{{nbsp}}million in the 15{{nbsp}}years from January 2001, to December 2015, (mostly from paid speeches, business consulting and book-writing).<ref>{{cite news | last=Alexander | first=Dan | title=How Bill And Hillary Clinton Made $240 Million In The Last 15 Years | work=Forbes | date=November 8, 2016 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2016/11/08/how-bill-house-hillary-clinton-made-240-million-how-much-earnings-rich-white/ | access-date=July 30, 2019}}</ref> Also in 2016, CNN reported the Clintons combined to receive more than $153{{nbsp}}million in paid speeches from 2001 until spring 2015.<ref name="CNN-2006-02-06">{{cite web | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/05/politics/hillary-clinton-bill-clinton-paid-speeches/index.html | title=$153 million in Bill and Hillary Clinton speaking fees, documented |first=Robert | last=Yoon |work=CNN| date=February 6, 2016 | access-date= February 7, 2016}}</ref> In May 2015, ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' reported that Bill and Hillary Clinton have made more than $25{{nbsp}}million in speaking fees since the start of 2014, and that Hillary Clinton also made $5{{nbsp}}million or more from her book, ''[[Hard Choices]]'', during the same time period.<ref>Ben Kamisar, [https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/dem-primaries/242291-clintons-made-more-than-25-million-in-speaking-fees-since/ Clintons earned more than $25 million for speeches since 2014] (May 15, 2015), ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]''</ref> In July 2014, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that at the end of 2012, the Clintons were worth between $5{{nbsp}}million and $25.5{{nbsp}}million, and that in 2012 (the last year they were required to disclose the information) the Clintons made between $16 and $17{{nbsp}}million, mostly from speaking fees earned by the former president.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Mullins | first1=Brody | last2=Nicholas | first2=Peter | last3=Ballhaus | first3=Rebecca | title=The Bill and Hillary Clinton Money Machine Taps Corporate Cash | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=July 1, 2014 | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-bill-and-hillary-clinton-money-machine-taps-corporate-cash-1404268205 | access-date=July 30, 2019 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Clinton earned more than $104{{nbsp}}million from paid speeches between 2001 and 2012.<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news|last1=Epstein|first1=Jennifer | title=Clinton Family Speeches Netted as Much as $26 Million for Foundation |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=May 22, 2015 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-05-22/clinton-foundation-discloses-speech-fees | publisher=Bloomberg News | access-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref> In June 2014, ABC News and ''The Washington Post'' reported that Bill Clinton has made more than $100{{nbsp}}million giving paid speeches since leaving public office, and in 2008, ''The New York Times'' reported that the Clintons' income tax returns<ref>(linked in the NYT article)</ref> show they made $109{{nbsp}}million in the eight years from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007, including almost $92{{nbsp}}million from his speaking and book-writing.<ref name="NYT-2008-04-05" /><ref name="washingtonpost-2014-06-26">{{cite news | first1=Philip | last1=Rucker | first2=Tom | last2=Hamburger | first3=Alexander | last3=Becker | title=How the Clintons went from 'dead broke' to rich, with $104.9 million for ex-president's speaking fees | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 26, 2014 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-clintons-went-from-dead-broke-to-rich-bill-earned-1049-million-for-speeches/2014/06/26/8fa0b372-fd3a-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html | access-date=July 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ABC-News-2014-06-09">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hillary-clinton-defends-high-dollar-speaking-fees/story?id=24052962|title=Hillary Clinton Defends High-Dollar Speaking Fees|date=June 9, 2014|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] and [[Good Morning America]]|access-date=October 5, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Salameh|last=Nematt|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2008/11/17/bills-500000-kuwait-lecture.html|title=Bill's $500,000 Kuwait Lecture|date=November 17, 2008|website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref>
-Bill Clinton has given dozens of paid speeches each year since leaving office in 2001, mostly to corporations and philanthropic groups in North America and Europe; he often earned $100,000 to $300,000 per speech.<ref name="CNN-2006-02-06" /><ref>{{cite news|first=Josh|last=Gerstein|title=Clinton Eligible, Once Again, To Practice Law|newspaper=[[The New York Sun]]|date=January 17, 2006|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/25965?page_no=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/10/us/politics/10clinton.html | title=Bill Clinton Ponders a Role as First Gentleman | work=[[The New York Times]] | first=Patrick | last=Healy | date=May 10, 2007 | access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Bentley |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2300374.ece |title=Forty Million Dollar Bill, Independent, 2007 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=February 24, 2007 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015064614/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2300374.ece |archive-date=October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Russian investment bank with ties to the Kremlin paid Clinton $500,000 for a speech in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/us/cash-flowed-to-clinton-foundation-as-russians-pressed-for-control-of-uranium-company.html|title=Cash Flowed to Clinton Foundation Amid Russian Uranium Deal|first1=Jo|last1=Becker|first2=Mike|last2=McIntire|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/clinton-foundation-received-millions-uranium-132500796.html|first1=Colin|last1=Campbell|first2=Pamela|last2=Engel|title=The Clinton Foundation received millions from investors as Putin took over 20% of US uranium deposits|date=April 23, 2015|website=[[Yahoo! Finance]]}}</ref> Hillary Clinton said she and Bill came out of the White House financially "broke" and in debt, especially due to large legal fees incurred during their years in the White House. "We had no money when we got there, and we struggled to, you know, piece together the resources for mortgages, for houses, for Chelsea's education". She added, "Bill has worked really hard&nbsp;... we had to pay off all our debts&nbsp;... he had to make double the money because of, obviously, taxes; and then pay off the debts, and get us houses, and take care of family members".<ref name="ABC-News-2014-06-09" />
+Bill Clinton has given dozens of paid speeches each year since leaving office in 2001, mostly to corporations and philanthropic groups in North America and Europe; he often earned $100,000 to $300,000 per speech.<ref name="CNN-2006-02-06" /><ref>{{cite news|first=Josh|last=Gerstein|title=Clinton Eligible, Once Again, To Practice Law|newspaper=[[The New York Sun]]|date=January 17, 2006|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/25965?page_no=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/10/us/politics/10clinton.html | title=Bill Clinton Ponders a Role as First Gentleman | work=The New York Times | first=Patrick | last=Healy | date=May 10, 2007 | access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Bentley |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2300374.ece |title=Forty Million Dollar Bill, Independent, 2007 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=February 24, 2007 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015064614/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2300374.ece |archive-date=October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Russian investment bank with ties to the Kremlin paid Clinton $500,000 for a speech in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/us/cash-flowed-to-clinton-foundation-as-russians-pressed-for-control-of-uranium-company.html|title=Cash Flowed to Clinton Foundation Amid Russian Uranium Deal|first1=Jo|last1=Becker|first2=Mike|last2=McIntire|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/clinton-foundation-received-millions-uranium-132500796.html|first1=Colin|last1=Campbell|first2=Pamela|last2=Engel|title=The Clinton Foundation received millions from investors as Putin took over 20% of US uranium deposits|date=April 23, 2015|website=[[Yahoo! Finance]]}}</ref> Hillary Clinton said she and Bill came out of the White House financially "broke" and in debt, especially due to large legal fees incurred during their years in the White House. "We had no money when we got there, and we struggled to, you know, piece together the resources for mortgages, for houses, for Chelsea's education". She added, "Bill has worked really hard&nbsp;... we had to pay off all our debts&nbsp;... he had to make double the money because of, obviously, taxes; and then pay off the debts, and get us houses, and take care of family members".<ref name="ABC-News-2014-06-09" />
 === Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein ===
 [[File:Maxwell Epstein Clinton 1993 2.jpg|thumb|President Clinton with Epstein and [[Ghislaine Maxwell]] in the White House, September 1993]]
-In the early 2000s, Clinton took flights on [[Jeffrey Epstein]]'s private jet in connection with Clinton Foundation work.<ref name="McDonald">{{cite news |last1=McDonald |first1=Scott |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton says he didn't know about Jeffrey Epstein's alleged sex trafficking crimes |work=[[Newsweek]] |url=https://www.newsweek.com/bill-clinton-says-he-didnt-know-about-jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-sex-trafficking-crimes-1448171 |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gold |first1=Michael |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton and Jeffrey Epstein: How Are They Connected? |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/nyregion/bill-clinton-jeffrey-epstein.html |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref> According to Epstein's attorney [[Gerald B. Lefcourt]], Epstein was "part of the original group that conceived of the [[Clinton Global Initiative]]".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hill|first1=James|first2=Matthew|last2=Mosk|date=February 11, 2016|title=Victims: Feds Hid 'Sweetheart' Deal for Sex Offender With Deep Political Ties|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/victims-feds-hid-sweetheart-deal-sex-offender-deep/story?id=36843144|work=ABC|access-date=July 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720073439/https://abcnews.go.com/US/victims-feds-hid-sweetheart-deal-sex-offender-deep/story?id=36843144|archive-date=July 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2002, a spokesperson for Clinton praised Epstein as "a committed philanthropist" with "insights and generosity".<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Clinton and Trump Plead Ignorance as Epstein's Old Friends Begin to Sweat |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/07/clinton-trump-plead-ignorance-as-jeffrey-epstein-friends-begin-to-sweat |access-date=October 20, 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair }}</ref> While Clinton was president, Epstein visited the White House at least 17 times between 1993 and 1995.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 3, 2021 |title=Jeffrey Epstein Visited Bill Clinton's White House at Least 17 Times From 1993 to 1995, Visitor Logs Show |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/jeffrey-epstein-visited-bill-clintons-white-house-at-least-17-times-from-1993-to-1995-visitor-logs-show/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |magazine=National Review }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruhalter |first=Kana |date=December 2, 2021 |title=White House Visitor Logs Show Just How Friendly Epstein and President Clinton Were |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epstein-visited-president-bill-clinton-17-times-white-house-visitor-logs-show |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Daily Beast}}</ref> Years later, Epstein was convicted on sex trafficking charges. Clinton's office released a statement in 2019 saying, "President Clinton knows nothing about the terrible crimes Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty to in Florida some years ago, or those with which he has been recently charged in New York. In 2002 and 2003, President Clinton took four trips on Jeffrey Epstein's airplane: one to Europe, one to Asia, and two to Africa, which included stops in connection with the work of the Clinton Foundation. Staff, supporters of the Foundation, and his Secret Service detail traveled on every leg of every trip. [...] He's not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade."<ref name="McDonald" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moye |first1=David |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton Denies Knowing Anything About Jeffrey Epstein's 'Terrible Crimes' |work=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bill-clinton-jeffrey-epstein-statement_n_5d23c6c6e4b0cfb595fad85a |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arciga |first=Julia |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton: I Flew With Jeffrey Epstein but Knew 'Nothing' About 'Terrible Crimes' |website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref>
+In the early 2000s, Clinton took flights on [[Jeffrey Epstein]]'s private jet in connection with Clinton Foundation work.<ref name="McDonald">{{cite news |last1=McDonald |first1=Scott |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton says he didn't know about Jeffrey Epstein's alleged sex trafficking crimes |work=[[Newsweek]] |url=https://www.newsweek.com/bill-clinton-says-he-didnt-know-about-jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-sex-trafficking-crimes-1448171 |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gold |first1=Michael |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton and Jeffrey Epstein: How Are They Connected? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/nyregion/bill-clinton-jeffrey-epstein.html |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref> According to Epstein's attorney [[Gerald B. Lefcourt]], Epstein was "part of the original group that conceived of the [[Clinton Global Initiative]]".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hill|first1=James|first2=Matthew|last2=Mosk|date=February 11, 2016|title=Victims: Feds Hid 'Sweetheart' Deal for Sex Offender With Deep Political Ties|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/victims-feds-hid-sweetheart-deal-sex-offender-deep/story?id=36843144|work=ABC|access-date=July 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720073439/https://abcnews.go.com/US/victims-feds-hid-sweetheart-deal-sex-offender-deep/story?id=36843144|archive-date=July 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2002, a spokesperson for Clinton praised Epstein as "a committed philanthropist" with "insights and generosity".<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Clinton and Trump Plead Ignorance as Epstein's Old Friends Begin to Sweat |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/07/clinton-trump-plead-ignorance-as-jeffrey-epstein-friends-begin-to-sweat |access-date=October 20, 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair }}</ref> While Clinton was president, Epstein visited the White House at least 17 times between 1993 and 1995.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 3, 2021 |title=Jeffrey Epstein Visited Bill Clinton's White House at Least 17 Times From 1993 to 1995, Visitor Logs Show |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/jeffrey-epstein-visited-bill-clintons-white-house-at-least-17-times-from-1993-to-1995-visitor-logs-show/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |magazine=National Review }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruhalter |first=Kana |date=December 2, 2021 |title=White House Visitor Logs Show Just How Friendly Epstein and President Clinton Were |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epstein-visited-president-bill-clinton-17-times-white-house-visitor-logs-show |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=The Daily Beast}}</ref> Years later, Epstein was convicted on sex trafficking charges. Clinton's office released a statement in 2019 saying, "President Clinton knows nothing about the terrible crimes Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty to in Florida some years ago, or those with which he has been recently charged in New York. In 2002 and 2003, President Clinton took four trips on Jeffrey Epstein's airplane: one to Europe, one to Asia, and two to Africa, which included stops in connection with the work of the Clinton Foundation. Staff, supporters of the Foundation, and his Secret Service detail traveled on every leg of every trip. [...] He's not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade."<ref name="McDonald" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moye |first1=David |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton Denies Knowing Anything About Jeffrey Epstein's 'Terrible Crimes' |work=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bill-clinton-jeffrey-epstein-statement_n_5d23c6c6e4b0cfb595fad85a |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arciga |first=Julia |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton: I Flew With Jeffrey Epstein but Knew 'Nothing' About 'Terrible Crimes' |website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref>
 However, later reports showed that Clinton had flown on Epstein's plane 26 times.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 14, 2016 |title=Report: Bill Clinton Flew on Disgraced Donor's Jet 26 Times |url=https://www.rollcall.com/2016/05/13/report-bill-clinton-flew-on-disgraced-donors-jet-26-times/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |newspaper=Roll Call}}</ref> In another statement Clinton said "one meeting with Epstein in his Harlem office in 2002, and around the same time made one brief visit to Epstein's New York apartment with a staff member and his security detail". In July 2019 it was reported that Clinton attended a dinner with Epstein in 1995, a meeting with Epstein that Clinton had not previously disclosed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melendez |first=Pilar |date=July 11, 2019 |title=Bill Clinton Failed to Mention His Intimate 1995 Dinner With Epstein |website=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/bill-clinton-failed-to-mention-his-intimate-1995-dinner-with-epstein |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref>
@@ Line 466: / Line 466: @@
 [[File:Bill clinton medal of freedom.jpg|thumb|Clinton receiving the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] from [[Barack Obama]], 2013]]
-Various colleges and universities have awarded Clinton honorary degrees, including [[Legum Doctor|Doctorate of Law]] degrees<ref>{{cite web | url=http://faccoun.unc.edu/awards/honorary-degrees | title=Honorary Degrees | year=1993 | publisher=UNC-Chapel Hill Office of Faculty Governance | access-date=August 31, 2011 | archive-date=February 9, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209142252/http://faccoun.unc.edu/awards/honorary-degrees/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tulane.edu/newwave/cornerpics/051906_grads.html |title=President Bill Clinton with an honorary doctorate of law |publisher=Tulane University |date=May 19, 2006 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808192350/http://www.tulane.edu/newwave/cornerpics/051906_grads.html |archive-date=August 8, 2011 }}</ref> and [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] degrees.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rit.edu/news/story.php?id=45649 | title=Clinton to address graduates, Honorary doctorate will be bestowed | publisher=RIT News, Rochester Institute of Technology | date=May 18, 2007 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> He received an honorary degree from Georgetown University, his alma mater, and was the commencement speaker in 1980.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=Tracey|date=May 24, 1980|title=GU Honors Statesmen, Scientists, Educators|work=[[The Hoya]]|url=https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/555085/1980-05-24.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=September 22, 2021}}</ref> He is an honorary fellow of University College, Oxford, which he attended as a [[Rhodes Scholar]], although he did not complete his studies there.<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Hoffman |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-bill-clinton-we-knew-at-oxford-apart-from-smoking-dope-and-not-inhaling-what-else-did-he-learn-1556769.html |title=The Bill Clinton we knew at Oxford: Apart from smoking dope (and not inhaling), what else did he learn over here? College friends share their memories with Matthew Hoffman |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=October 27, 2016 |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623195343/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-bill-clinton-we-knew-at-oxford-apart-from-smoking-dope-and-not-inhaling-what-else-did-he-learn-1556769.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/content/honorary-fellows |title=www.univ.ox.ac.uk |publisher=University of Oxford |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313140432/http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/content/honorary-fellows |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> Schools have been named for Clinton,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.compton.k12.ca.us/www/schoolsites/showschool.aspx?id=13900 | title=Clinton Elementary | publisher=Compton Unified School District | access-date=August 31, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927162333/http://www.compton.k12.ca.us/www/schoolsites/showschool.aspx?id=13900 | archive-date=September 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lausd.net/Clinton_MS | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719002854/http://www.lausd.net/Clinton_MS/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 19, 2011 | title=William Jefferson Clinton Middle School | publisher=Los Angeles Unified School District | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.clintonschool.uasys.edu | title=Clinton School of Public service | publisher=University of Arkansas | access-date=August 31, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720063224/http://clintonschool.uasys.edu/ | archive-date=July 20, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and statues have been built to pay him homage.<ref name=WJCstatue>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8336789.stm | title=Kosovo unveils Clinton's statue | work=BBC News | date=November 1, 2009 | access-date=November 2, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091102101327/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8336789.stm| archive-date= November 2, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-kosovo-clinton-idUSL2316200920070523 | title=Kosovo to honor Bill Clinton with statue | work=Reuters | date=May 23, 2007 | access-date=September 11, 2011 | archive-date=August 5, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805022616/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/05/23/us-serbia-kosovo-clinton-idUSL2316200920070523 | url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. states where he has been honored include Missouri,<ref name="DeMolay-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.demolay.org/aboutdemolay/halloffame.php |title=DeMolay Hall of Fame |publisher=DeMolay International |access-date=August 25, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100905133239/http://www.demolay.org/aboutdemolay/halloffame.php |archive-date=September 5, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Arkansas,<ref>{{Cite news | last=Purdum | first=Todd S. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/17/us/campaign-season-another-first-for-clinton.html | title=Campaign Season; Another First for Clinton | work=The New York Times | date=October 17, 2002 | access-date=August 6, 2009}}</ref> Kentucky,<ref name="HOOKC">{{cite web | url=http://kycolonels.org/index.cgi?id=54 | title=Colonels website | publisher=Honorable Order of Kentucky Colonels | access-date=December 21, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625033818/http://kycolonels.org/index.cgi?id=54 | archive-date=June 25, 2009 }}</ref> and New York.<ref>{{cite news | last=Dunlap | first=David | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/23/nyregion/23rebuild.html | title=Pataki Offers Peek at 9/11 Memorial Progress | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=November 23, 2004 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> He was presented with the [[Medal for Distinguished Public Service]] by [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[William Cohen]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.defense.gov/photos/newsphoto.aspx?newsphotoid=3174 | title=Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen presents the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service to President Bill Clinton in a ceremonial farewell at Fort Myer, Va., on Jan. 5, 2001. | publisher=U.S. Department of Defense | access-date=September 1, 2011}}</ref> The [[Clinton Presidential Center]] was opened in Little Rock, Arkansas, in his honor on December 5, 2001.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/28/us/dinner-for-a-presidential-library-contributions-welcome.html | title=Dinner for a Presidential Library, Contributions Welcome | date=June 28, 1999 | last=Van Natta | first=Don Jr. | work=The New York Times | access-date=December 17, 2009}}</ref>
+Various colleges and universities have awarded Clinton honorary degrees, including [[Legum Doctor|Doctorate of Law]] degrees<ref>{{cite web | url=http://faccoun.unc.edu/awards/honorary-degrees | title=Honorary Degrees | year=1993 | publisher=UNC-Chapel Hill Office of Faculty Governance | access-date=August 31, 2011 | archive-date=February 9, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209142252/http://faccoun.unc.edu/awards/honorary-degrees/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tulane.edu/newwave/cornerpics/051906_grads.html |title=President Bill Clinton with an honorary doctorate of law |publisher=Tulane University |date=May 19, 2006 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808192350/http://www.tulane.edu/newwave/cornerpics/051906_grads.html |archive-date=August 8, 2011 }}</ref> and [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] degrees.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rit.edu/news/story.php?id=45649 | title=Clinton to address graduates, Honorary doctorate will be bestowed | publisher=RIT News, Rochester Institute of Technology | date=May 18, 2007 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> He received an honorary degree from Georgetown University, his alma mater, and was the commencement speaker in 1980.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=Tracey|date=May 24, 1980|title=GU Honors Statesmen, Scientists, Educators|work=[[The Hoya]]|url=https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/555085/1980-05-24.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=September 22, 2021}}</ref> He is an honorary fellow of University College, Oxford, which he attended as a [[Rhodes Scholar]], although he did not complete his studies there.<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Hoffman |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-bill-clinton-we-knew-at-oxford-apart-from-smoking-dope-and-not-inhaling-what-else-did-he-learn-1556769.html |title=The Bill Clinton we knew at Oxford: Apart from smoking dope (and not inhaling), what else did he learn over here? College friends share their memories with Matthew Hoffman |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=October 27, 2016 |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623195343/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-bill-clinton-we-knew-at-oxford-apart-from-smoking-dope-and-not-inhaling-what-else-did-he-learn-1556769.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/content/honorary-fellows |title=www.univ.ox.ac.uk |publisher=University of Oxford |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313140432/http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/content/honorary-fellows |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> Schools have been named for Clinton,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.compton.k12.ca.us/www/schoolsites/showschool.aspx?id=13900 | title=Clinton Elementary | publisher=Compton Unified School District | access-date=August 31, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927162333/http://www.compton.k12.ca.us/www/schoolsites/showschool.aspx?id=13900 | archive-date=September 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lausd.net/Clinton_MS | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719002854/http://www.lausd.net/Clinton_MS/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 19, 2011 | title=William Jefferson Clinton Middle School | publisher=Los Angeles Unified School District | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.clintonschool.uasys.edu | title=Clinton School of Public service | publisher=University of Arkansas | access-date=August 31, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720063224/http://clintonschool.uasys.edu/ | archive-date=July 20, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and statues have been built to pay him homage.<ref name=WJCstatue>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8336789.stm | title=Kosovo unveils Clinton's statue | work=BBC News | date=November 1, 2009 | access-date=November 2, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091102101327/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8336789.stm| archive-date= November 2, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-kosovo-clinton-idUSL2316200920070523 | title=Kosovo to honor Bill Clinton with statue | work=Reuters | date=May 23, 2007 | access-date=September 11, 2011 | archive-date=August 5, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805022616/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/05/23/us-serbia-kosovo-clinton-idUSL2316200920070523 | url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. states where he has been honored include Missouri,<ref name="DeMolay-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.demolay.org/aboutdemolay/halloffame.php |title=DeMolay Hall of Fame |publisher=DeMolay International |access-date=August 25, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100905133239/http://www.demolay.org/aboutdemolay/halloffame.php |archive-date=September 5, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Arkansas,<ref>{{Cite news | last=Purdum | first=Todd S. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/17/us/campaign-season-another-first-for-clinton.html | title=Campaign Season; Another First for Clinton | work=The New York Times | date=October 17, 2002 | access-date=August 6, 2009}}</ref> Kentucky,<ref name="HOOKC">{{cite web | url=http://kycolonels.org/index.cgi?id=54 | title=Colonels website | publisher=Honorable Order of Kentucky Colonels | access-date=December 21, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625033818/http://kycolonels.org/index.cgi?id=54 | archive-date=June 25, 2009 }}</ref> and New York.<ref>{{cite news | last=Dunlap | first=David | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/23/nyregion/23rebuild.html | title=Pataki Offers Peek at 9/11 Memorial Progress | work=The New York Times | date=November 23, 2004 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> He was presented with the [[Medal for Distinguished Public Service]] by [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[William Cohen]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.defense.gov/photos/newsphoto.aspx?newsphotoid=3174 | title=Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen presents the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service to President Bill Clinton in a ceremonial farewell at Fort Myer, Va., on Jan. 5, 2001. | publisher=U.S. Department of Defense | access-date=September 1, 2011}}</ref> The [[Clinton Presidential Center]] was opened in Little Rock, Arkansas, in his honor on December 5, 2001.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/28/us/dinner-for-a-presidential-library-contributions-welcome.html | title=Dinner for a Presidential Library, Contributions Welcome | date=June 28, 1999 | last=Van Natta | first=Don Jr. | work=The New York Times | access-date=December 17, 2009}}</ref>
-Clinton has been honored in various other ways, in countries that include the Czech Republic,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://old.hrad.cz/kpr/rady/rbl_lide_uk.html | title=List of Individuals Awarded the Order of the White Lion | publisher=Old.hrad.cz | date=October 13, 2005 | access-date=August 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Willoughby|first=Ian| url=https://english.radio.cz/enlargement-a-good-investment-clinton-tells-prague-nato-conference-8811085| title=Enlargement "a good investment", Clinton tells Prague NATO conference | work=[[Czech Radio]]| date=March 12, 2024 | access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> Papua New Guinea,<ref>{{Cite news | title=It's now 'Chief' Bill Clinton | work=United Press International | date=December 3, 2006 | url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2006/12/03/Its-now-Chief-Bill-Clinton/UPI-99431165188768 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> Germany,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.karlspreis.de/index.php?id=12&doc=42 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206203817/http://www.karlspreis.de/index.php?id=12&doc=42 | archive-date=February 6, 2008 | title=International Prize of the city of Aachen (German)}}</ref> and Kosovo.<ref name=WJCstatue /> The Republic of Kosovo, in gratitude for his help during the [[Kosovo War]], renamed a major street in the capital city of [[Pristina]] as [[Bill Clinton Boulevard]] and added a monumental Clinton statue.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/statue-watch-bill-clinton-edition | title=Statue Watch: Bill Clinton Edition | first=Mike | last=Nizza | date=May 23, 2007 | work=The New York Times | access-date=October 8, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/world/europe/17kosovo.html | title=Kosovo Struggles to Forge an Identity | first=Dan | last=Bilefsky | date=December 17, 2007 | work = [[The New York Times]] | access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/world/europe/09iht-kosovo.1.8653760.html | title=Kosovo: Forging an identity on eve of new era | first=Dan | last=Bilefsky | date=December 9, 2007 | work = [[The New York Times]] | access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
+Clinton has been honored in various other ways, in countries that include the Czech Republic,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://old.hrad.cz/kpr/rady/rbl_lide_uk.html | title=List of Individuals Awarded the Order of the White Lion | publisher=Old.hrad.cz | date=October 13, 2005 | access-date=August 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Willoughby|first=Ian| url=https://english.radio.cz/enlargement-a-good-investment-clinton-tells-prague-nato-conference-8811085| title=Enlargement "a good investment", Clinton tells Prague NATO conference | work=[[Czech Radio]]| date=March 12, 2024 | access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> Papua New Guinea,<ref>{{Cite news | title=It's now 'Chief' Bill Clinton | work=United Press International | date=December 3, 2006 | url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2006/12/03/Its-now-Chief-Bill-Clinton/UPI-99431165188768 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> Germany,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.karlspreis.de/index.php?id=12&doc=42 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206203817/http://www.karlspreis.de/index.php?id=12&doc=42 | archive-date=February 6, 2008 | title=International Prize of the city of Aachen (German)}}</ref> and Kosovo.<ref name=WJCstatue /> The Republic of Kosovo, in gratitude for his help during the [[Kosovo War]], renamed a major street in the capital city of [[Pristina]] as [[Bill Clinton Boulevard]] and added a monumental Clinton statue.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/statue-watch-bill-clinton-edition | title=Statue Watch: Bill Clinton Edition | first=Mike | last=Nizza | date=May 23, 2007 | work=The New York Times | access-date=October 8, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/world/europe/17kosovo.html | title=Kosovo Struggles to Forge an Identity | first=Dan | last=Bilefsky | date=December 17, 2007 | work = The New York Times | access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/world/europe/09iht-kosovo.1.8653760.html | title=Kosovo: Forging an identity on eve of new era | first=Dan | last=Bilefsky | date=December 9, 2007 | work = The New York Times | access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
 Clinton was selected as ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'s}} "[[Time Person of the Year|Man of the Year]]" in 1992,<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19930104,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530071708/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19930104,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=May 30, 2007 | title=Bill Clinton, Man of the Year | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | author=Elizabeth P. Valk | date=January 4, 1993 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> and again in 1998, along with [[Ken Starr]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19981228,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114194210/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19981228,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 14, 2007 | title=Kenneth Starr & Bill Clinton, Men of the Year | newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | first=Nancy | last=Gibbs | date=December 28, 1998 | access-date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> From a poll conducted of the American people in December 1999, Clinton was among eighteen included in [[Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Gallup Poll 1999 | url = https://archive.org/details/galluppollcumula0000gall | url-access = registration | publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc | year = 1999 | location = Wilmington, Del. | pages = [https://archive.org/details/galluppollcumula0000gall/page/248 248–249]}}</ref> In 2001, Clinton received the [[NAACP]]'s [[NAACP Image Award – President's Award|President's Award]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Braxton |first=Greg |date=March 4, 2001 |title=NAACP Honors, Cheers Clinton |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-04-me-33265-story.html |access-date=February 28, 2022 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He has also been honored with a J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding,<ref>{{Cite news| url =http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-506513 | title=President Bill Clinton Biography | author=AmericaLive | work=CNN |date =October 22, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004095341/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-506513|archive-date=October 4, 2015}}</ref> a [[TED (conference)|TED]] Prize (named for the confluence of technology, entertainment and design),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tedblog.typepad.com/tedblog/2007/04/2007_ted_prize__2.html | title=2007 TED Prize winner Bill Clinton on TEDTalks | publisher=TED Blog | date=April 4, 2007 | access-date=August 31, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728122424/http://tedblog.typepad.com/tedblog/2007/04/2007_ted_prize__2.html | archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref> and was named as an Honorary [[GLAAD Media Award]] recipient for his work as an advocate for the LGBT community.<ref name="24-GLAAD-LA">{{cite web | url=http://www.glaad.org/mediaawards/losangeles | title=24th Annual GLAAD Media Awards—Los Angeles | publisher=[[GLAAD]] | access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
-Clinton, along with [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] and [[Sophia Loren]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Wolf Tracks |url=https://russiannationalorchestra.org/recordings/wolf-tracks/ |agency=Russian National Orchestra |access-date=August 1, 2020 }}</ref> received the [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2003 Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children|Best Spoken Word Album for Children]] for ''[[Wolf Tracks and Peter and the Wolf]]''.<ref name=GRAMMY>{{cite web |title=Bill Clinton |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/bill-clinton/1590 |agency=Grammy Awards |access-date=August 1, 2020 |date=November 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Grammy Award Winners |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/arts/music/08grammy-list.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> The [[audiobook]] edition of his autobiography, [[My Life (Clinton autobiography)|''My Life'']], read by Clinton himself, won the [[47th Annual Grammy Awards|2005 Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album|Best Spoken Word Album]],<ref name=GRAMMY/> as well as the [[Audie Award]] as the Audiobook of the Year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2005 AUDIE AWARDS® |url=https://www.audiopub.org/2005-audies |publisher=[[Audio Publishers Association]] |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> Clinton has two more Grammy nominations for his audiobooks: ''[[Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World]]'' in [[50th Annual Grammy Awards|2007]] and ''[[Back to Work (book)|Back to Work]]'' in [[55th Annual Grammy Awards|2012]].<ref name=GRAMMY/>
+Clinton, along with [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] and [[Sophia Loren]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Wolf Tracks |url=https://russiannationalorchestra.org/recordings/wolf-tracks/ |agency=Russian National Orchestra |access-date=August 1, 2020 }}</ref> received the [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2003 Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children|Best Spoken Word Album for Children]] for ''[[Wolf Tracks and Peter and the Wolf]]''.<ref name=GRAMMY>{{cite web |title=Bill Clinton |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/bill-clinton/1590 |agency=Grammy Awards |access-date=August 1, 2020 |date=November 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Grammy Award Winners |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/arts/music/08grammy-list.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> The [[audiobook]] edition of his autobiography, [[My Life (Clinton autobiography)|''My Life'']], read by Clinton himself, won the [[47th Annual Grammy Awards|2005 Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album|Best Spoken Word Album]],<ref name=GRAMMY/> as well as the [[Audie Award]] as the Audiobook of the Year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2005 AUDIE AWARDS® |url=https://www.audiopub.org/2005-audies |publisher=[[Audio Publishers Association]] |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> Clinton has two more Grammy nominations for his audiobooks: ''[[Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World]]'' in [[50th Annual Grammy Awards|2007]] and ''[[Back to Work (book)|Back to Work]]'' in [[55th Annual Grammy Awards|2012]].<ref name=GRAMMY/>
 In 2011, Haitian president [[Michel Martelly]] awarded Clinton with the [[National Order of Honour and Merit]] to the rank of Grand Cross "for his various initiatives in Haiti and especially his high contribution to the reconstruction of the country after the earthquake of January 12, 2010". Clinton declared at the ceremony that "in the United States of America, I really don't believe former American presidents need awards anymore, but I am very honored by this one, I love Haiti, and I believe in its promise".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-3429-haiti-social-bill-clinton-receives-the-national-order-of-honor-and-merit-to-the-rank-grand-cross-gold-plated.html |title=Haiti—Social: Bill Clinton receives the National Order of Honor and Merit to the rank Grand Cross gold plated |editor=Press |date=July 22, 2011 |publisher=Haiti Libre |access-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref>