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m (Text replacement - "CNN" to "CNN") |
m (Text replacement - "The Wall Street Journal" to "The Wall Street Journal") |
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| [[File:Michael Huerta official picture.jpg|100px]]|| [[Michael Huerta]]|| Dec 7, 2011|| Jan 6, 2018|| | | [[File:Michael Huerta official picture.jpg|100px]]|| [[Michael Huerta]]|| Dec 7, 2011|| Jan 6, 2018|| | ||
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| [[File:Daniel Elwell.jpg|100px]]|| [[Daniel Elwell|Daniel K. Elwell]]|| Jan 6, 2018|| Aug 12, 2019|| (acting)<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/daniel-elwell/ |title=Dan Elwell: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know |first=Paul |last=Farrell |date=March 13, 2019 |access-date=March 14, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731050641/https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/daniel-elwell/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nyt1>{{cite news |first1=Tiffany |last1=Hsu |first2=Thomas |last2=Kaplan |first3=Zach |last3=Wichter |title=Trump Picks Former Delta Executive Stephen Dickson as F.A.A. Chief |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 19, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/business/faa-stephen-dickson-trump.html |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320011147/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/business/faa-stephen-dickson-trump.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wsj1>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/steve-dickson-is-white-house-pick-as-permanent-faa-head-11553024733 |title=White House to Nominate Steve Dickson as Permanent FAA Head |date=March 19, 2019 |work= | | [[File:Daniel Elwell.jpg|100px]]|| [[Daniel Elwell|Daniel K. Elwell]]|| Jan 6, 2018|| Aug 12, 2019|| (acting)<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/daniel-elwell/ |title=Dan Elwell: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know |first=Paul |last=Farrell |date=March 13, 2019 |access-date=March 14, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731050641/https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/daniel-elwell/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nyt1>{{cite news |first1=Tiffany |last1=Hsu |first2=Thomas |last2=Kaplan |first3=Zach |last3=Wichter |title=Trump Picks Former Delta Executive Stephen Dickson as F.A.A. Chief |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 19, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/business/faa-stephen-dickson-trump.html |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320011147/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/business/faa-stephen-dickson-trump.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wsj1>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/steve-dickson-is-white-house-pick-as-permanent-faa-head-11553024733 |title=White House to Nominate Steve Dickson as Permanent FAA Head |date=March 19, 2019 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=March 19, 2019 |url-access=subscription |first1=Andy |last1=Pasztor |first2=Andrew |last2=Tangel |archive-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319230616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/steve-dickson-is-white-house-pick-as-permanent-faa-head-11553024733 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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| [[File:FAA Administrator Steve Dickson.jpg|100px]]|| [[Stephen Dickson (executive)|Stephen Dickson]]|| Aug 12, 2019||Mar 31, 2022|| | | [[File:FAA Administrator Steve Dickson.jpg|100px]]|| [[Stephen Dickson (executive)|Stephen Dickson]]|| Aug 12, 2019||Mar 31, 2022|| | ||
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In 2014, the FAA modified its approach to air traffic control hiring. It launched more "off the street bids", allowing anyone with either a four-year degree or five years of full-time work experience to apply, rather than the closed college program or Veterans Recruitment Appointment bids, something that had last been done in 2008. Thousands were hired, including veterans, Collegiate Training Initiative graduates, and people who are true "off the street" hires. The move was made to open the job up to more people who might make good controllers but did not go to a college that offered a CTI program. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. However, the CTI program had no guarantee of a job offer, nor was the goal of the program to teach people to work actual traffic. The goal of the program was to prepare people for the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, OK. Having a CTI certificate allowed a prospective controller to skip the Air Traffic Basics part of the academy, about a 30- to 45-day course, and go right into Initial Qualification Training (IQT). All prospective controllers, CTI or not, have had to pass the FAA Academy in order to be hired as a controller. Failure at the academy means FAA employment is terminated. In January 2015 they launched another pipeline, a "prior experience" bid, where anyone with an FAA Control Tower Operator certificate (CTO) and 52 weeks of experience could apply. This was a revolving bid, every month the applicants on this bid were sorted out, and eligible applicants were hired and sent directly to facilities, bypassing the FAA academy entirely. | In 2014, the FAA modified its approach to air traffic control hiring. It launched more "off the street bids", allowing anyone with either a four-year degree or five years of full-time work experience to apply, rather than the closed college program or Veterans Recruitment Appointment bids, something that had last been done in 2008. Thousands were hired, including veterans, Collegiate Training Initiative graduates, and people who are true "off the street" hires. The move was made to open the job up to more people who might make good controllers but did not go to a college that offered a CTI program. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. However, the CTI program had no guarantee of a job offer, nor was the goal of the program to teach people to work actual traffic. The goal of the program was to prepare people for the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, OK. Having a CTI certificate allowed a prospective controller to skip the Air Traffic Basics part of the academy, about a 30- to 45-day course, and go right into Initial Qualification Training (IQT). All prospective controllers, CTI or not, have had to pass the FAA Academy in order to be hired as a controller. Failure at the academy means FAA employment is terminated. In January 2015 they launched another pipeline, a "prior experience" bid, where anyone with an FAA Control Tower Operator certificate (CTO) and 52 weeks of experience could apply. This was a revolving bid, every month the applicants on this bid were sorted out, and eligible applicants were hired and sent directly to facilities, bypassing the FAA academy entirely. | ||
In the process of promoting diversity, the FAA revised its hiring process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |last2=Browne |first2=Pamela |title=Trouble in the Skies |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=May 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092710/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reily |first1=Jason L. |title=Affirmative Action Lands in the Air Traffic Control Tower |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/affirmative-action-lands-in-the-air-traffic-control-tower-1433283292 |access-date=January 3, 2016 |newspaper= | In the process of promoting diversity, the FAA revised its hiring process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |last2=Browne |first2=Pamela |title=Trouble in the Skies |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=May 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092710/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reily |first1=Jason L. |title=Affirmative Action Lands in the Air Traffic Control Tower |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/affirmative-action-lands-in-the-air-traffic-control-tower-1433283292 |access-date=January 3, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 2, 2015 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=January 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035652/http://www.wsj.com/articles/affirmative-action-lands-in-the-air-traffic-control-tower-1433283292 |url-status=live}}</ref> The FAA later issued a report that the "bio-data" was not a reliable test for future performance. However, the "Bio-Q" was not the determining factor for hiring, it was merely a screening tool to determine who would take a revised Air Traffic Standardized Aptitude Test (ATSAT). Due to cost and time, it was not practical to give all 30,000 some applicants the revised ATSAT, which has since been validated. In 2015 Fox News levied criticism that the FAA discriminated against qualified candidates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unqualified air traffic control candidates cheating to pass FAA exams? |url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4247596762001/unqualified-air-traffic-control-candidates-cheating-to-pass-faa-exams/?intcmp=related#sp=show-clips |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=May 20, 2015 |archive-date=January 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123021144/http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4247596762001/unqualified-air-traffic-control-candidates-cheating-to-pass-faa-exams/?intcmp=related#sp=show-clips |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
In December 2015, a reverse discrimination lawsuit was filed against the FAA seeking class-action status for the thousands of men and women who spent up to $40,000 getting trained under FAA rules before they were abruptly changed. The prospects of the lawsuit are unknown, as the FAA is a self-governing entity and therefore can alter and experiment with its hiring practices, and there was never any guarantee of a job in the CTI program.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |title=Reverse Discrimination Suit Filed Against FAA, Hiring Fallout Continues |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=December 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101160030/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | In December 2015, a reverse discrimination lawsuit was filed against the FAA seeking class-action status for the thousands of men and women who spent up to $40,000 getting trained under FAA rules before they were abruptly changed. The prospects of the lawsuit are unknown, as the FAA is a self-governing entity and therefore can alter and experiment with its hiring practices, and there was never any guarantee of a job in the CTI program.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |title=Reverse Discrimination Suit Filed Against FAA, Hiring Fallout Continues |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=December 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101160030/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
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A May 2017 letter from staff of the [[U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure]] to members of the same committee sent before a meeting to discuss air traffic control privatization noted a 35-year legacy of failed air traffic control modernization management, including NextGen. The letter said the FAA initially described NextGen as fundamentally transforming how air traffic would be managed. In 2015, however, the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|National Research Council]] noted that NextGen, as currently executed, was not broadly transformational and that it is a set of programs to implement a suite of incremental changes to the National Airspace System (NAS).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transportation.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2017-05-17_-_full_committee_ssm.pdf |date=May 12, 2017 |publisher=Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure |title=Committee Hearing on "The Need to Reform FAA and Air Traffic Control to Build a 21st Century Aviation System for America" |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124201/https://transportation.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2017-05-17_-_full_committee_ssm.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transportation.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=400893 |title=Latest Inspector General Report Underscores Need for Air Traffic Control Reform |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223140555/https://transportation.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=400893 |url-status=live}}</ref> | A May 2017 letter from staff of the [[U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure]] to members of the same committee sent before a meeting to discuss air traffic control privatization noted a 35-year legacy of failed air traffic control modernization management, including NextGen. The letter said the FAA initially described NextGen as fundamentally transforming how air traffic would be managed. In 2015, however, the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|National Research Council]] noted that NextGen, as currently executed, was not broadly transformational and that it is a set of programs to implement a suite of incremental changes to the National Airspace System (NAS).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transportation.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2017-05-17_-_full_committee_ssm.pdf |date=May 12, 2017 |publisher=Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure |title=Committee Hearing on "The Need to Reform FAA and Air Traffic Control to Build a 21st Century Aviation System for America" |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124201/https://transportation.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2017-05-17_-_full_committee_ssm.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transportation.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=400893 |title=Latest Inspector General Report Underscores Need for Air Traffic Control Reform |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223140555/https://transportation.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=400893 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
More precise Performance Based Navigation can reduce fuel burn, emissions, and noise exposure for a majority of communities, but the concentration of flight tracks also can increase noise exposure for people who live directly under those flight paths.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atwonline.com/air-traffic-management/faa-facing-backlash-over-noise-issues-created-pbn-flight-paths |title=FAA facing backlash over noise issues created by PBN flight paths |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021124915/http://atwonline.com/air-traffic-management/faa-facing-backlash-over-noise-issues-created-pbn-flight-paths |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aireform.com/a-closer-look-at-how-faa-is-tone-deaf-on-nextgen-noise-impacts/ |title=A Closer Look at How FAA is 'Tone-Deaf' on NextGen Noise Impacts |date=April 19, 2015 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185346/http://aireform.com/a-closer-look-at-how-faa-is-tone-deaf-on-nextgen-noise-impacts/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A feature of the NextGen program is GPS-based waypoints, which result in consolidated flight paths for planes. The result of this change is that many localities experience huge increases in air traffic over previously quiet areas. Complaints have risen with the added traffic and multiple municipalities have filed suit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/affluentand-angryhomeowners-raise-ruckus-over-roar-of-overhead-planes-1530806379 |last=McLaughlin |first=Katy |date=July 6, 2018 |title=Affluent—and Angry—Homeowners Raise Ruckus Over Roar of Overhead Planes |work= | More precise Performance Based Navigation can reduce fuel burn, emissions, and noise exposure for a majority of communities, but the concentration of flight tracks also can increase noise exposure for people who live directly under those flight paths.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atwonline.com/air-traffic-management/faa-facing-backlash-over-noise-issues-created-pbn-flight-paths |title=FAA facing backlash over noise issues created by PBN flight paths |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021124915/http://atwonline.com/air-traffic-management/faa-facing-backlash-over-noise-issues-created-pbn-flight-paths |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aireform.com/a-closer-look-at-how-faa-is-tone-deaf-on-nextgen-noise-impacts/ |title=A Closer Look at How FAA is 'Tone-Deaf' on NextGen Noise Impacts |date=April 19, 2015 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185346/http://aireform.com/a-closer-look-at-how-faa-is-tone-deaf-on-nextgen-noise-impacts/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A feature of the NextGen program is GPS-based waypoints, which result in consolidated flight paths for planes. The result of this change is that many localities experience huge increases in air traffic over previously quiet areas. Complaints have risen with the added traffic and multiple municipalities have filed suit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/affluentand-angryhomeowners-raise-ruckus-over-roar-of-overhead-planes-1530806379 |last=McLaughlin |first=Katy |date=July 6, 2018 |title=Affluent—and Angry—Homeowners Raise Ruckus Over Roar of Overhead Planes |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185347/https://www.wsj.com/articles/affluentand-angryhomeowners-raise-ruckus-over-roar-of-overhead-planes-1530806379 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
===Boeing 737 MAX controversy=== | ===Boeing 737 MAX controversy=== | ||
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U.S. law requires that the FAA's budget and mandate be reauthorized on a regular basis. On July 18, 2016, President Obama signed a second short-term extension of the FAA authorization, replacing a previous extension that was due to expire that day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |title=FAA reauthorization signed into law: Travel Weekly |website=www.travelweekly.com |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062820/http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |url-status=live}}</ref> | U.S. law requires that the FAA's budget and mandate be reauthorized on a regular basis. On July 18, 2016, President Obama signed a second short-term extension of the FAA authorization, replacing a previous extension that was due to expire that day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |title=FAA reauthorization signed into law: Travel Weekly |website=www.travelweekly.com |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062820/http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
The 2016 extension (set to expire itself in September 2017) left out a provision pushed by Republican House leadership, including [[United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|House Transportation and Infrastructure (T&I) Committee]] Chairman [[Bill Shuster]] (R-PA). The provision would have moved authority over [[air traffic control]] from the FAA to a non-profit corporation, as many other nations, such as Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom, have done.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/senate-passes-faa-reauthorization-bill-1468437144 |title=Senate Passes FAA Reauthorization Bill |last1=Carey |first1=Susan |date=July 13, 2016 |work= | The 2016 extension (set to expire itself in September 2017) left out a provision pushed by Republican House leadership, including [[United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|House Transportation and Infrastructure (T&I) Committee]] Chairman [[Bill Shuster]] (R-PA). The provision would have moved authority over [[air traffic control]] from the FAA to a non-profit corporation, as many other nations, such as Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom, have done.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/senate-passes-faa-reauthorization-bill-1468437144 |title=Senate Passes FAA Reauthorization Bill |last1=Carey |first1=Susan |date=July 13, 2016 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=March 8, 2017 |last2=Pasztor |first2=Andy |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033940/https://www.wsj.com/articles/senate-passes-faa-reauthorization-bill-1468437144 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shuster's bill, the [[Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization (AIRR) Act]],<ref>{{cite web |title=H.R.4441 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization Act of 2016 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4441 |website=Congress.gov |date=February 11, 2016 |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215061105/https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4441 |url-status=live}}</ref> expired in the House at the end of the 114th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cei.org/blog/congress-trump-administration-must-prioritize-air-traffic-control-reform |title=Congress, Trump Administration Must Prioritize Air Traffic Control Reform |date=December 12, 2016 |work=[[Competitive Enterprise Institute]] |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309065521/https://cei.org/blog/congress-trump-administration-must-prioritize-air-traffic-control-reform |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
The House T&I Committee began the new reauthorization process for the FAA in February 2017. It is expected that the committee will again urge Congress to consider and adopt air traffic control reform as part of the reauthorization package. Shuster has additional support from President Trump, who, in a meeting with aviation industry executives in early 2017 said the U.S. air control system is "....totally out of whack."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |title=Congressional Hearings on FAA Reauthorization and Automated Vehicles; FTA Withholds Funding from DC, MD, VA for Missing WMATA Safety Oversight Deadline |work=The National Law Review |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309063542/http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |url-status=live}}</ref> | The House T&I Committee began the new reauthorization process for the FAA in February 2017. It is expected that the committee will again urge Congress to consider and adopt air traffic control reform as part of the reauthorization package. Shuster has additional support from President Trump, who, in a meeting with aviation industry executives in early 2017 said the U.S. air control system is "....totally out of whack."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |title=Congressional Hearings on FAA Reauthorization and Automated Vehicles; FTA Withholds Funding from DC, MD, VA for Missing WMATA Safety Oversight Deadline |work=The National Law Review |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309063542/http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |url-status=live}}</ref> |
edits