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Carter once had a sizable lead over Ford in national polling, but by late September his lead had narrowed to only several points.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-news-leader-carters-lea/156473356/ Carter's lead narrows]. ''The Springfield News-Leader''. September 29, 1976. October 3, 2024.</ref><ref>Harris, Louis (October 30, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-harris-poll-says-carter/156324701/ Harris Poll says Carter holds only a 1-point lead]. [[Tampa Bay Times]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> In the final days before the election, several polls showed that Ford had tied Carter, and one [[Gallup Inc.|Gallup]] poll found that he was now slightly ahead.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-argus-presidential-contenders/156330083/ Presidential Contenders Strain At Finish]. [[United Press International]]. ''The Times Argus''. November 1, 1976. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> Most analysts agreed that Carter was going to win the [[popular vote]], but some argued Ford had an opportunity to win the [[United States Electoral College|electoral college]] and thus the election.<ref>Larrabee, Don (October 31, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-presidency-seems-to/156365167/ Presidency seems to be up for grabs]. ''The Greenville News''. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-recorder-fords-brother-sees-elector/156365939/ Ford's brother sees electoral college victory]. [[Associated Press]]. ''The Recorder''. November 1, 1976. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref>
Carter once had a sizable lead over Ford in national polling, but by late September his lead had narrowed to only several points.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-news-leader-carters-lea/156473356/ Carter's lead narrows]. ''The Springfield News-Leader''. September 29, 1976. October 3, 2024.</ref><ref>Harris, Louis (October 30, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-harris-poll-says-carter/156324701/ Harris Poll says Carter holds only a 1-point lead]. [[Tampa Bay Times]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> In the final days before the election, several polls showed that Ford had tied Carter, and one [[Gallup Inc.|Gallup]] poll found that he was now slightly ahead.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-argus-presidential-contenders/156330083/ Presidential Contenders Strain At Finish]. [[United Press International]]. ''The Times Argus''. November 1, 1976. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> Most analysts agreed that Carter was going to win the [[popular vote]], but some argued Ford had an opportunity to win the [[United States Electoral College|electoral college]] and thus the election.<ref>Larrabee, Don (October 31, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-presidency-seems-to/156365167/ Presidency seems to be up for grabs]. ''The Greenville News''. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-recorder-fords-brother-sees-elector/156365939/ Ford's brother sees electoral college victory]. [[Associated Press]]. ''The Recorder''. November 1, 1976. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref>


Carter ultimately won, receiving 297 electoral votes and 50.1% of the popular vote to Ford's 240 electoral votes and 48.0% of the popular vote.<ref name="Toledo Blade-1976">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage |title=Carter Appears Victor Over Ford |newspaper=Toledo Blade |location=Toledo, Ohio |date=November 3, 1976 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122194136/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage |url-status=live}}</ref> Carter's victory was attributed in part<ref>Kaplan, Seth; Kaplan, James I. (November 3, 1976). [https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1976/11/3/many-factors-figured-in-carters-win/ Many Factors Figured in Carter's Win]. [[The Harvard Crimson]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> to his overwhelming support among black voters in states decided by close margins, such as [[1976 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], and [[1976 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]].<ref name="bhuh43">Delaney, Paul (November 8, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-parsons-sun-blacks-line-up-for-carte/156325287/ Blacks Line Up For Carter Plums]. [[The New York Times]]. ''The Parsons Sun''. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> In Ohio and Wisconsin, where the margin between Carter and Ford was under two points, the black vote was crucial for Carter; if he had not won both states, Ford would have won the election.<ref name="bhuh43"/><ref>Kornacki, Steve (July 29, 2019). [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/journey-power-history-black-voters-1976-2020-n1029581 Journey to power: The history of black voters, 1976 to 2020]. [[NBC News]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref>
Carter ultimately won, receiving 297 electoral votes and 50.1% of the popular vote to Ford's 240 electoral votes and 48.0% of the popular vote.<ref name="Toledo Blade-1976">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage |title=Carter Appears Victor Over Ford |newspaper=Toledo Blade |location=Toledo, Ohio |date=November 3, 1976 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122194136/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage |url-status=live}}</ref> Carter's victory was attributed in part<ref>Kaplan, Seth; Kaplan, James I. (November 3, 1976). [https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1976/11/3/many-factors-figured-in-carters-win/ Many Factors Figured in Carter's Win]. [[The Harvard Crimson]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> to his overwhelming support among black voters in states decided by close margins, such as [[1976 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[1976 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], and [[1976 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]].<ref name="bhuh43">Delaney, Paul (November 8, 1976). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-parsons-sun-blacks-line-up-for-carte/156325287/ Blacks Line Up For Carter Plums]. The New York Times. ''The Parsons Sun''. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref> In Ohio and Wisconsin, where the margin between Carter and Ford was under two points, the black vote was crucial for Carter; if he had not won both states, Ford would have won the election.<ref name="bhuh43"/><ref>Kornacki, Steve (July 29, 2019). [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/journey-power-history-black-voters-1976-2020-n1029581 Journey to power: The history of black voters, 1976 to 2020]. [[NBC News]]. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</ref>


Ford phoned Carter to congratulate him shortly after the race was called. He was unable to concede in front of television cameras due to bad [[hoarse voice]], and so First Lady [[Betty Ford|Betty]] did so for him.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/lubbock-avalanche-journal-gerald-ford-co/156504202/ Gerald Ford Concedes, Seeks Unity]. [[Associated Press]]. ''Lubbock Avalanche-Journal''. November 3, 1976. Retrieved October 3, 2024.</ref> Vice President [[Nelson Rockefeller]] oversaw the certification of election results on January 6, 1977. Although Ford carried Washington, [[Mike Padden]], an elector from there, cast his vote for [[Ronald Reagan]], the then-governor of California and Carter's eventual successor.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1977/01/06/Electoral-College-certifies-Carter-today/4270034331854/ Electoral College certifies Carter today]. [[United Press International]]. January 6, 1977. Retrieved October 3, 2024.</ref>
Ford phoned Carter to congratulate him shortly after the race was called. He was unable to concede in front of television cameras due to bad [[hoarse voice]], and so First Lady [[Betty Ford|Betty]] did so for him.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/lubbock-avalanche-journal-gerald-ford-co/156504202/ Gerald Ford Concedes, Seeks Unity]. [[Associated Press]]. ''Lubbock Avalanche-Journal''. November 3, 1976. Retrieved October 3, 2024.</ref> Vice President [[Nelson Rockefeller]] oversaw the certification of election results on January 6, 1977. Although Ford carried Washington, [[Mike Padden]], an elector from there, cast his vote for [[Ronald Reagan]], the then-governor of California and Carter's eventual successor.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1977/01/06/Electoral-College-certifies-Carter-today/4270034331854/ Electoral College certifies Carter today]. [[United Press International]]. January 6, 1977. Retrieved October 3, 2024.</ref>
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Carter was inaugurated as the 39th president on January 20, 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=48TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=September 2, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913210846/https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|url-status=live}}</ref> One of Carter's first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an [[executive order]] declaring unconditional [[amnesty]] for [[Vietnam War]]-era [[draft evaders]], [[Proclamation 4483]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |title=Executive Orders |date=October 25, 2010 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=archives.gov |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922131219/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html |title=Online NewsHour: Remembering Vietnam: Carter's Pardon |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228161513/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html}}</ref> Carter's tenure in office was marked by an economic malaise, a time of [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|continuing inflation and recession]] and a [[1979 energy crisis]]. Under Carter, the U.S. experienced [[1980 United States federal government shutdown|its first ever government shutdown]] in May 1980, though it affected only the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|title=A Complete Guide To Every Government Shutdown In History|last=Cass|first=Connie|date=September 30, 2013|work=Business Insider|access-date=October 2, 2024|language=en|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235018/https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Carter signed Law H.R. 5860 aka Public Law 96–185, known as ''The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979'', to bail out the [[Chrysler]] Corporation with $3.5&nbsp;billion (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|3.5|1980|r=2}}&nbsp;billion in {{Inflation-year|US}}) in aid.{{sfn|Kaufman|Kaufman|2006|p=183}}
Carter was inaugurated as the 39th president on January 20, 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=48TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=September 2, 2021|archive-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913210846/https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/48th-inaugural-ceremonies/|url-status=live}}</ref> One of Carter's first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an [[executive order]] declaring unconditional [[amnesty]] for [[Vietnam War]]-era [[draft evaders]], [[Proclamation 4483]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |title=Executive Orders |date=October 25, 2010 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=archives.gov |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922131219/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11967.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html |title=Online NewsHour: Remembering Vietnam: Carter's Pardon |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228161513/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/vietnam/vietnam_1-21-77.html}}</ref> Carter's tenure in office was marked by an economic malaise, a time of [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|continuing inflation and recession]] and a [[1979 energy crisis]]. Under Carter, the U.S. experienced [[1980 United States federal government shutdown|its first ever government shutdown]] in May 1980, though it affected only the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|title=A Complete Guide To Every Government Shutdown In History|last=Cass|first=Connie|date=September 30, 2013|work=Business Insider|access-date=October 2, 2024|language=en|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235018/https://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-us-government-shutdowns-2013-9|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Carter signed Law H.R. 5860 aka Public Law 96–185, known as ''The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979'', to bail out the [[Chrysler]] Corporation with $3.5&nbsp;billion (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|3.5|1980|r=2}}&nbsp;billion in {{Inflation-year|US}}) in aid.{{sfn|Kaufman|Kaufman|2006|p=183}}


Carter attempted to calm various conflicts around the world, most visibly in the Middle East with the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]];<ref name="achievement.org">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter Biography and Interview |website=achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#interview |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222200351/https://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/car0bio-1#interview |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties|giving back the Panama Canal]] to Panama; and signing the [[Salt II|SALT II nuclear arms reduction treaty]] with Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]]. His final year was marred by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], which contributed to his losing the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] to [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |title=Jimmy Carter and the Iranian Hostage Crisis |publisher=White House Historical Association |access-date=December 28, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903061159/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Whistleblowers have alleged, most recently in 2023, that people working on the Reagan campaign's behalf [[October surprise conspiracy theory|convinced Iran to prolong the crisis]] to reduce Carter's chance of reelection.<ref>{{cite news |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |title=A Four-Decade Secret: The Untold Story of Sabotaging Jimmy Carter's Re-election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |access-date=March 19, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318200201/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Carter attempted to calm various conflicts around the world, most visibly in the Middle East with the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]];<ref name="achievement.org">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter Biography and Interview |website=achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#interview |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222200351/https://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/car0bio-1#interview |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties|giving back the Panama Canal]] to Panama; and signing the [[Salt II|SALT II nuclear arms reduction treaty]] with Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]]. His final year was marred by the [[Iran hostage crisis]], which contributed to his losing the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] to [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |title=Jimmy Carter and the Iranian Hostage Crisis |publisher=White House Historical Association |access-date=December 28, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903061159/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-transitions-carter.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Whistleblowers have alleged, most recently in 2023, that people working on the Reagan campaign's behalf [[October surprise conspiracy theory|convinced Iran to prolong the crisis]] to reduce Carter's chance of reelection.<ref>{{cite news |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |title=A Four-Decade Secret: The Untold Story of Sabotaging Jimmy Carter's Re-election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |access-date=March 19, 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318200201/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/us/politics/jimmy-carter-october-surprise-iran-hostages.html |url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Domestic policy ===
=== Domestic policy ===
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==== Economy ====
==== Economy ====
[[File:Inflation Yen USD 1971-2009 de.svg|thumb|300px|left|alt=A chart regarding inflation|Inflation rate of [[Japanese yen|yen]] and [[United States dollar|USD]], 1971–2009]]
[[File:Inflation Yen USD 1971-2009 de.svg|thumb|300px|left|alt=A chart regarding inflation|Inflation rate of [[Japanese yen|yen]] and [[United States dollar|USD]], 1971–2009]]
Carter's presidency had a troubled economic history of two roughly equal periods. The first two years were a time of intense [[stagflation]], primarily due to recovery from the severe 1973–75 recession, which had left fixed investment at its lowest level since the 1970 recession and unemployment at 9%.<ref name="stat 88">{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1988-04.pdf |title=1988 Statistical Abstract of the United States |publisher=Department of Commerce |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1988-04.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Under Carter, the unemployment rate declined from 8.1% when he took office to 5.7% by July 1978,<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/spokane-chronicle-sharp-drop-noted-in-un/156447735/ Sharp Drop Noted In Unemployment]. [[Associated Press]]. ''Spokane Chronicle''. July 7, 1978. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-patriot-news-jobless-level-up-slight/157880385/ Jobless Level Up Slightly]. [[The New York Times]]. ''The Patriot-News''. October 7, 1978. Retrieved October 26, 2024.</ref> but the [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|early 1980s recession]] caused it to return to its pre-1977 level.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-jobless-rate-cou/156448077/ Jobless Rate Could Reach 7.5% This Year, 8% In 1981, Kahn Predicts]. [[Associated Press]]. ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch''. May 1, 1980. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</ref> The [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] (BLS) measured a 6.6% unemployment rate average during the Carter administration.<ref>Lansner, Jonathan (May 28, 2022). [https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/05/28/what-president-did-the-best-job-with-inflation/ Which president did the best job with inflation?]. ''[[The Mercury News]]''. Retrieved October 28, 2024.</ref> His last two years were marked by double-digit inflation, very high interest rates,{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} oil shortages, and slow economic growth.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/Is70sStyleStagflationComing.aspx |title=Is '70s-style stagflation returning? |author=Jim Jubak |work=Jubak's Journal |publisher=MSN |date=April 1, 2008 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820042310/https://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/Is70sStyleStagflationComing.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2011}}</ref> Due to the $30&nbsp;billion economic stimulus legislation, such as the Public Works Employment Act of 1977, proposed by Carter and passed by Congress, real household median income had grown by 5.2%, with a projection of 6.4% for the next quarter.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=422}}
Carter's presidency had a troubled economic history of two roughly equal periods. The first two years were a time of intense [[stagflation]], primarily due to recovery from the severe 1973–75 recession, which had left fixed investment at its lowest level since the 1970 recession and unemployment at 9%.<ref name="stat 88">{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1988-04.pdf |title=1988 Statistical Abstract of the United States |publisher=Department of Commerce |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1988-04.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Under Carter, the unemployment rate declined from 8.1% when he took office to 5.7% by July 1978,<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/spokane-chronicle-sharp-drop-noted-in-un/156447735/ Sharp Drop Noted In Unemployment]. [[Associated Press]]. ''Spokane Chronicle''. July 7, 1978. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-patriot-news-jobless-level-up-slight/157880385/ Jobless Level Up Slightly]. The New York Times. ''The Patriot-News''. October 7, 1978. Retrieved October 26, 2024.</ref> but the [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|early 1980s recession]] caused it to return to its pre-1977 level.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-jobless-rate-cou/156448077/ Jobless Rate Could Reach 7.5% This Year, 8% In 1981, Kahn Predicts]. [[Associated Press]]. ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch''. May 1, 1980. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</ref> The [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] (BLS) measured a 6.6% unemployment rate average during the Carter administration.<ref>Lansner, Jonathan (May 28, 2022). [https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/05/28/what-president-did-the-best-job-with-inflation/ Which president did the best job with inflation?]. ''[[The Mercury News]]''. Retrieved October 28, 2024.</ref> His last two years were marked by double-digit inflation, very high interest rates,{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} oil shortages, and slow economic growth.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/Is70sStyleStagflationComing.aspx |title=Is '70s-style stagflation returning? |author=Jim Jubak |work=Jubak's Journal |publisher=MSN |date=April 1, 2008 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820042310/https://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/Is70sStyleStagflationComing.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2011}}</ref> Due to the $30&nbsp;billion economic stimulus legislation, such as the Public Works Employment Act of 1977, proposed by Carter and passed by Congress, real household median income had grown by 5.2%, with a projection of 6.4% for the next quarter.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=422}}


The [[1979 energy crisis]] ended this period of growth, and as inflation and interest rates rose, economic growth, job creation and [[consumer confidence]] declined sharply.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} The relatively loose [[monetary policy]] adopted by [[Federal Reserve Board]] chairman [[G. William Miller]], had already contributed to somewhat higher inflation,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://econ161.berkeley.edu/econ_articles/theinflationofthes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970219022512/https://econ161.berkeley.edu/Econ_Articles/theinflationofthes.html |archive-date=February 19, 1997 |title=The Inflation of the 1970s: November 21, 1978 |date=December 19, 1995 |publisher=[[University of California at Berkeley]] and National Bureau of Economic Research |access-date=March 18, 2012}}</ref> rising from 5.8% in 1976 to 7.7% in 1978. The sudden doubling of [[crude oil]] prices by [[OPEC]], the world's leading oil exporting [[cartel]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL-6873%20.pdf |title=The Outlook for U.S. Oil Dependence |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |access-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513154741/https://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL-6873%20.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> forced inflation to double-digit levels, averaging 11.3% in 1979 and 13.5% in 1980.<ref name="stat 88" /> The sudden shortage of gasoline as the 1979 summer vacation season began exacerbated the problem and came to symbolize the crisis to the general public;{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} the acute shortage, originating in the shutdown of [[Amerada Hess]] refining facilities, led to a lawsuit against the company that year by the federal government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://md.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.%5CFCT%5CC04%5C1979%5C19791226_0040006.C04.htm/qx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628221218/https://md.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.%5CFCT%5CC04%5C1979%5C19791226_0040006.C04.htm/qx |archive-date=June 28, 2012 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |title=United States v. Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America}}</ref>
The [[1979 energy crisis]] ended this period of growth, and as inflation and interest rates rose, economic growth, job creation and [[consumer confidence]] declined sharply.{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} The relatively loose [[monetary policy]] adopted by [[Federal Reserve Board]] chairman [[G. William Miller]], had already contributed to somewhat higher inflation,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://econ161.berkeley.edu/econ_articles/theinflationofthes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970219022512/https://econ161.berkeley.edu/Econ_Articles/theinflationofthes.html |archive-date=February 19, 1997 |title=The Inflation of the 1970s: November 21, 1978 |date=December 19, 1995 |publisher=[[University of California at Berkeley]] and National Bureau of Economic Research |access-date=March 18, 2012}}</ref> rising from 5.8% in 1976 to 7.7% in 1978. The sudden doubling of [[crude oil]] prices by [[OPEC]], the world's leading oil exporting [[cartel]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL-6873%20.pdf |title=The Outlook for U.S. Oil Dependence |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |access-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513154741/https://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL-6873%20.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> forced inflation to double-digit levels, averaging 11.3% in 1979 and 13.5% in 1980.<ref name="stat 88" /> The sudden shortage of gasoline as the 1979 summer vacation season began exacerbated the problem and came to symbolize the crisis to the general public;{{sfn|Bourne|1997|p=447}} the acute shortage, originating in the shutdown of [[Amerada Hess]] refining facilities, led to a lawsuit against the company that year by the federal government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://md.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.%5CFCT%5CC04%5C1979%5C19791226_0040006.C04.htm/qx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628221218/https://md.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.%5CFCT%5CC04%5C1979%5C19791226_0040006.C04.htm/qx |archive-date=June 28, 2012 |access-date=September 9, 2021 |title=United States v. Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America}}</ref>
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=== Allegations and investigations ===
=== Allegations and investigations ===
The September 21, 1977, resignation of [[Bert Lance]], who was director of the office of management and budget in the Carter administration, came amid allegations of improper banking activities before his tenure and was an embarrassment to Carter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html |archive-date=January 3, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Bert Lance, Carter Adviser, Dies at 82|first1=Robert|last1=D. Hershey Jr.|date=August 15, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
The September 21, 1977, resignation of [[Bert Lance]], who was director of the office of management and budget in the Carter administration, came amid allegations of improper banking activities before his tenure and was an embarrassment to Carter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html |archive-date=January 3, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Bert Lance, Carter Adviser, Dies at 82|first1=Robert|last1=D. Hershey Jr.|date=August 15, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2021|work=The New York Times}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


Carter became the first sitting president to testify under oath as part of an investigation of him,<ref>{{cite news |title=Paul Curran, 75, Corruption Foe, Dies |first=Robert D. |last=McFadden |author-link=Robert D. McFadden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/07curran.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 6, 2008 |page=A30 |access-date=September 6, 2008 |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425033130/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/07curran.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kayescholer.com/web.nsf/sl/96D840B79AF05CE785256CE20076DA99|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051018150259/https://www.kayescholer.com/web.nsf/sl/96D840B79AF05CE785256CE20076DA99|archive-date=October 18, 2005|title=Paul J. Curran, Special Counsel, Litigation, Kaye Scholer.|access-date=September 1, 2021}}</ref> as a result of [[United States Attorney General]] [[Griffin Bell]] appointing [[Paul J. Curran]] as a special counsel to investigate loans made to the peanut business Carter owned by a bank controlled by Lance and Curran's position as special counsel not allowing him to file charges on his own.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916712-1,00.html |title=I Have a Job to Do |date=April 2, 1979 |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025175059/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916712-1,00.html|archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=September 1, 2021}}</ref>{{efn|Curran also investigated President Jimmy Carter's family peanut business for the Justice Department in 1979, and thus became the first lawyer to examine a sitting president under oath.}} Curran announced in October 1979 that no evidence had been found to support allegations that funds loaned from the National Bank of Georgia had been diverted to Carter's 1976 presidential campaign, ending the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Carter's Business Cleared in Inquiry on Campaign Funds |last=Pound |first=Edward T. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/17/archives/carters-business-cleared-in-inquiry-on-campaign-funds-indictments.html |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A1 |date=October 17, 1979 |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722223222/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/17/archives/carters-business-cleared-in-inquiry-on-campaign-funds-indictments.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Carter became the first sitting president to testify under oath as part of an investigation of him,<ref>{{cite news |title=Paul Curran, 75, Corruption Foe, Dies |first=Robert D. |last=McFadden |author-link=Robert D. McFadden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/07curran.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 6, 2008 |page=A30 |access-date=September 6, 2008 |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425033130/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/07curran.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kayescholer.com/web.nsf/sl/96D840B79AF05CE785256CE20076DA99|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051018150259/https://www.kayescholer.com/web.nsf/sl/96D840B79AF05CE785256CE20076DA99|archive-date=October 18, 2005|title=Paul J. Curran, Special Counsel, Litigation, Kaye Scholer.|access-date=September 1, 2021}}</ref> as a result of [[United States Attorney General]] [[Griffin Bell]] appointing [[Paul J. Curran]] as a special counsel to investigate loans made to the peanut business Carter owned by a bank controlled by Lance and Curran's position as special counsel not allowing him to file charges on his own.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916712-1,00.html |title=I Have a Job to Do |date=April 2, 1979 |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025175059/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916712-1,00.html|archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=September 1, 2021}}</ref>{{efn|Curran also investigated President Jimmy Carter's family peanut business for the Justice Department in 1979, and thus became the first lawyer to examine a sitting president under oath.}} Curran announced in October 1979 that no evidence had been found to support allegations that funds loaned from the National Bank of Georgia had been diverted to Carter's 1976 presidential campaign, ending the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Carter's Business Cleared in Inquiry on Campaign Funds |last=Pound |first=Edward T. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/17/archives/carters-business-cleared-in-inquiry-on-campaign-funds-indictments.html |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A1 |date=October 17, 1979 |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722223222/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/17/archives/carters-business-cleared-in-inquiry-on-campaign-funds-indictments.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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Carter had a mostly poor relationship with [[Bill Clinton]], who snubbed him from his inauguration ceremony. He doubted the morality of the Clinton administration, particularly with respect to the [[Monica Lewinsky scandal]] and the pardon of [[Marc Rich]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/carol-felsenthal/jimmy-carter-and-bill-cli_b_94926.html|title=Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton: They Genuinely Dislike Each Other|first1=Carol|last1=Felsenthal|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=May 25, 2011|access-date=September 8, 2021|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025202310/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/carol-felsenthal/jimmy-carter-and-bill-cli_b_94926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Carter had a mostly poor relationship with [[Bill Clinton]], who snubbed him from his inauguration ceremony. He doubted the morality of the Clinton administration, particularly with respect to the [[Monica Lewinsky scandal]] and the pardon of [[Marc Rich]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/carol-felsenthal/jimmy-carter-and-bill-cli_b_94926.html|title=Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton: They Genuinely Dislike Each Other|first1=Carol|last1=Felsenthal|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=May 25, 2011|access-date=September 8, 2021|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025202310/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/carol-felsenthal/jimmy-carter-and-bill-cli_b_94926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


In July 2001, Carter said he was "disappointed in almost everything" President [[George W. Bush]] had done, but after the [[September 11 attacks]], he offered only praise, calling on Americans to support Bush with "complete unity".<ref>Berke, Richard L. (September 28, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/28/us/nation-challenged-former-presidents-outside-former-presidents-lend-support.html A NATION CHALLENGED: THE FORMER PRESIDENTS; From the Outside, Former Presidents Lend the Support of Insiders]. [[The New York Times]]. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref> Later, Carter opposed the [[Iraq War]]<ref>Jimmy Carter, [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html "Just War – or a Just War?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127075310/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html |date=January 27, 2022}}, ''The New York Times'', March 9, 2003. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</ref> and what he considered an attempt by Bush and [[Tony Blair]] to oust [[Saddam Hussein]] with "lies and misinterpretations".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082701094.html |title=Jimmy Carter: Blair Subservient to Bush |date=August 27, 2006 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=July 5, 2008 |archive-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724004445/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082701094.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, Carter said that he believed Bush exploited the September 11 attacks and blamed the media for not criticizing him.<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/oct/26/carter-says-bush-exploiting-911-terrorist-attacks/ Carter says Bush exploiting 9/11 terrorist attacks]. [[The Spokesman-Review]]. October 26, 2004. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref> In 2007, Carter said the Bush administration "has been the worst in history" on foreign affairs;<ref>Frank Lockwood, [https://www2.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/may/19/carter-calls-bush-administration-worst-ever/ "Carter calls Bush administration worst ever"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918231435/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/may/19/carter-calls-bush-administration-worst-ever/ |date=September 18, 2015}}, ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette'', May 19, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</ref> he later said he was just comparing Bush's tenure to Nixon's.<ref>{{cite news |title=Carter: Anti-Bush remarks 'careless or misinterpreted' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/21/carter.bush.ap/index.html |date=May 21, 2007 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614063104/https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/21/carter.bush.ap/index.html |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |work=CNN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> [[Tony Fratto]] responded to Carter's comments on the Bush administration's behalf by saying that the comments increased Carter's irrelevance.<ref>{{cite news |title='Carter is irrelevant,' Bush administration shoots back |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/20/carter.bush.ap/index.html |date=May 20, 2007 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523151632/https://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/20/carter.bush.ap/index.html |archive-date=May 23, 2007 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> By the end of Bush's second term, Carter considered Bush's tenure disappointing, as he told ''[[Forward Magazine]]'' of Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fwmagazine.wordpress.com/forward-magazine-interviews-jimmy-carter/ |title=Jimmy Carter Speaks to Forward Magazine |work=Forward Magazine |date=January 2009 |access-date=April 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109021657/https://fwmagazine.wordpress.com/forward-magazine-interviews-jimmy-carter/ |archive-date=November 9, 2012}}</ref>
In July 2001, Carter said he was "disappointed in almost everything" President [[George W. Bush]] had done, but after the [[September 11 attacks]], he offered only praise, calling on Americans to support Bush with "complete unity".<ref>Berke, Richard L. (September 28, 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/28/us/nation-challenged-former-presidents-outside-former-presidents-lend-support.html A NATION CHALLENGED: THE FORMER PRESIDENTS; From the Outside, Former Presidents Lend the Support of Insiders]. The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref> Later, Carter opposed the [[Iraq War]]<ref>Jimmy Carter, [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html "Just War – or a Just War?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127075310/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html |date=January 27, 2022}}, ''The New York Times'', March 9, 2003. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</ref> and what he considered an attempt by Bush and [[Tony Blair]] to oust [[Saddam Hussein]] with "lies and misinterpretations".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082701094.html |title=Jimmy Carter: Blair Subservient to Bush |date=August 27, 2006 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=July 5, 2008 |archive-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724004445/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082701094.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, Carter said that he believed Bush exploited the September 11 attacks and blamed the media for not criticizing him.<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/oct/26/carter-says-bush-exploiting-911-terrorist-attacks/ Carter says Bush exploiting 9/11 terrorist attacks]. [[The Spokesman-Review]]. October 26, 2004. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</ref> In 2007, Carter said the Bush administration "has been the worst in history" on foreign affairs;<ref>Frank Lockwood, [https://www2.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/may/19/carter-calls-bush-administration-worst-ever/ "Carter calls Bush administration worst ever"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918231435/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/may/19/carter-calls-bush-administration-worst-ever/ |date=September 18, 2015}}, ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette'', May 19, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2008.</ref> he later said he was just comparing Bush's tenure to Nixon's.<ref>{{cite news |title=Carter: Anti-Bush remarks 'careless or misinterpreted' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/21/carter.bush.ap/index.html |date=May 21, 2007 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614063104/https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/21/carter.bush.ap/index.html |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |work=CNN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> [[Tony Fratto]] responded to Carter's comments on the Bush administration's behalf by saying that the comments increased Carter's irrelevance.<ref>{{cite news |title='Carter is irrelevant,' Bush administration shoots back |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/20/carter.bush.ap/index.html |date=May 20, 2007 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523151632/https://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/05/20/carter.bush.ap/index.html |archive-date=May 23, 2007 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> By the end of Bush's second term, Carter considered Bush's tenure disappointing, as he told ''[[Forward Magazine]]'' of Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fwmagazine.wordpress.com/forward-magazine-interviews-jimmy-carter/ |title=Jimmy Carter Speaks to Forward Magazine |work=Forward Magazine |date=January 2009 |access-date=April 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109021657/https://fwmagazine.wordpress.com/forward-magazine-interviews-jimmy-carter/ |archive-date=November 9, 2012}}</ref>


Though he praised President [[Barack Obama]] in the early part of his tenure,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/campaigns/administration/35543-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding/ |title=Jimmy Carter Says Obama Will Be 'Outstanding' |date=January 28, 2009 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |newspaper=The Hill |first=Walter |last=Alarkon |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/campaigns/administration/39280-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding |url-status=live}}</ref> Carter stated his disagreement with using [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] strikes against suspected terrorists, Obama's choice to keep [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] open,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bingham |first=Amy |title=Jimmy Carter Accuses U.S. of 'Widespread Abuse of Human Rights' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/ |work=ABC News |date=June 25, 2012 |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626170916/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/ |url-status=live}} ABC quotes came from a NY ''Times'' [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html June 25, 2012 op-ed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011214301/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html |date=October 11, 2021}} written by Carter</ref> and the federal surveillance programs [[Edward Snowden]] revealed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/ |last1=Bluestein |first1=Greg |last2=Galloway |first2=Jim |title=Your daily jolt: 'America has no functioning democracy,' says Jimmy Carter |publisher=Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=July 18, 2013 |access-date=June 4, 2021 |archive-date=June 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604201246/https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/nsa-affaere-jimmy-carter-kritisiert-usa-a-911589.html |author=Peter Schmitz |title=NSA-Affäre: Ex-Präsident Carter verdammt US-Schnüffelei |magazine=Der Spiegel |date=July 17, 2013 |access-date=July 20, 2013 |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729220006/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/nsa-affaere-jimmy-carter-kritisiert-usa-a-911589.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Though he praised President [[Barack Obama]] in the early part of his tenure,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/campaigns/administration/35543-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding/ |title=Jimmy Carter Says Obama Will Be 'Outstanding' |date=January 28, 2009 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |newspaper=The Hill |first=Walter |last=Alarkon |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/campaigns/administration/39280-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding |url-status=live}}</ref> Carter stated his disagreement with using [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] strikes against suspected terrorists, Obama's choice to keep [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] open,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bingham |first=Amy |title=Jimmy Carter Accuses U.S. of 'Widespread Abuse of Human Rights' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/ |work=ABC News |date=June 25, 2012 |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626170916/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/ |url-status=live}} ABC quotes came from a NY ''Times'' [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html June 25, 2012 op-ed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011214301/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html |date=October 11, 2021}} written by Carter</ref> and the federal surveillance programs [[Edward Snowden]] revealed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/ |last1=Bluestein |first1=Greg |last2=Galloway |first2=Jim |title=Your daily jolt: 'America has no functioning democracy,' says Jimmy Carter |publisher=Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=July 18, 2013 |access-date=June 4, 2021 |archive-date=June 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604201246/https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/nsa-affaere-jimmy-carter-kritisiert-usa-a-911589.html |author=Peter Schmitz |title=NSA-Affäre: Ex-Präsident Carter verdammt US-Schnüffelei |magazine=Der Spiegel |date=July 17, 2013 |access-date=July 20, 2013 |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729220006/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/nsa-affaere-jimmy-carter-kritisiert-usa-a-911589.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==
=== Public opinion ===
=== Public opinion ===
In exit polls from the 1976 presidential election, many voters still held [[Pardon of Richard Nixon|Ford's pardon of Nixon]] in 1974 against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/polls-fords-image-improved-over-time/ |publisher=CBS News |title=Polls: Ford's Image Improved Over Time |date=December 27, 2006 |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908032831/https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/27/opinion/polls/main2301584.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> By comparison, Carter was viewed as a sincere, honest, and well-meaning southerner.<ref name="Independent 2009-01-22" /> During his presidency, polls generally showed that most Americans saw Carter as likable and "a man of high moral principles".<ref>Light, Larry (January 17, 1980). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-anniston-star-carter-runs-on-first-t/156081570/ Carter runs on first-term record and as rallying point in crisis]. [[Congressional Quarterly]]. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> In the 1980 election, Reagan projected an easy self-confidence, in contrast to Carter's serious and introspective temperament. Carter was portrayed as more pessimistic and indecisive than Reagan, who was known for his charm and delegation of tasks to subordinates.<ref>{{cite news |first=E. J. |last=Dionne |date=May 18, 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/18/us/washington-talk-carter-begins-to-shed-negative-public-image.html |title=Washington Talk; Carter Begins to Shed Negative Public Image |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=May 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524021900/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/18/us/washington-talk-carter-begins-to-shed-negative-public-image.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Reagan used the economic issues, the [[Iran hostage crisis]], and the lack of Washington cooperation to portray Carter as a weak and ineffectual leader. Carter was the first elected incumbent president since [[Herbert Hoover]] [[1932 United States presidential election|in 1932]] to lose a reelection bid.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-unfinished.html |title=The Unfinished Presidency – Jimmy Carter's Journey Beyond the White House |website=The New York Times |year=1998 |access-date=November 27, 2015 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233450/https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-unfinished.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
In exit polls from the 1976 presidential election, many voters still held [[Pardon of Richard Nixon|Ford's pardon of Nixon]] in 1974 against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/polls-fords-image-improved-over-time/ |publisher=CBS News |title=Polls: Ford's Image Improved Over Time |date=December 27, 2006 |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908032831/https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/27/opinion/polls/main2301584.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> By comparison, Carter was viewed as a sincere, honest, and well-meaning southerner.<ref name="Independent 2009-01-22" /> During his presidency, polls generally showed that most Americans saw Carter as likable and "a man of high moral principles".<ref>Light, Larry (January 17, 1980). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-anniston-star-carter-runs-on-first-t/156081570/ Carter runs on first-term record and as rallying point in crisis]. [[Congressional Quarterly]]. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> In the 1980 election, Reagan projected an easy self-confidence, in contrast to Carter's serious and introspective temperament. Carter was portrayed as more pessimistic and indecisive than Reagan, who was known for his charm and delegation of tasks to subordinates.<ref>{{cite news |first=E. J. |last=Dionne |date=May 18, 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/18/us/washington-talk-carter-begins-to-shed-negative-public-image.html |title=Washington Talk; Carter Begins to Shed Negative Public Image |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=May 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524021900/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/18/us/washington-talk-carter-begins-to-shed-negative-public-image.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Reagan used the economic issues, the [[Iran hostage crisis]], and the lack of Washington cooperation to portray Carter as a weak and ineffectual leader. Carter was the first elected incumbent president since [[Herbert Hoover]] [[1932 United States presidential election|in 1932]] to lose a reelection bid.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-unfinished.html |title=The Unfinished Presidency – Jimmy Carter's Journey Beyond the White House |website=The New York Times |year=1998 |access-date=November 27, 2015 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233450/https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-unfinished.html |url-status=live}}</ref>


Carter began his presidency with an [[approval rating]] between 66% and 75%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/113923/History-Foretells-Obama-First-Job-Approval-Rating.aspx |title=What History Foretells for Obama's First Job Approval Rating |publisher=Gallup.com |date=January 22, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111182110/https://www.gallup.com/poll/113923/History-Foretells-Obama-First-Job-Approval-Rating.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fvr45">Gallup, George (March 27, 1978). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-carters-decline/156055551/ Carter's Decline Is Halted]. [[Gallup Organization]]. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> It remained above 50% until February 1978<ref name="fvr45" /><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pantagraph-carters-approval-rating/156056662/ Carter's approval rating shows rich, poor similar]. ''The Pantagraph''. April 9, 1978. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> and got as low as 28% in July 1979, primarily because of economic issues resulting from a heavy decline in energy and oil production.<ref>Gallup, George (August 14, 1979). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-trust-in-carter-s/156057185/ Trust in Carter Still Strong]. ''Honolulu Star-Bulletin''. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> At the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis, his approval rating surged to 61%, up 23 points from his pre-crisis rating.<ref name="ib453p">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/10/archives/survey-finds-carters-popularity-has-risen-sharply-in-iran-crisis.html Survey Finds Carter's Popularity Has Risen Sharply in Iran Crisis]. [[The New York Times]]. December 10, 1979. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> Polls also found that up to 77% of Americans approved of Carter's initial response to the crisis,<ref name="ib453p" /> but by June 1980, amid heated criticism from across the political spectrum<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-carters-lead-over-ken/156180040/ Carter's Lead over Kennedy Is Declining]. [[Gallup Organization]]. ''The Tampa Tribune''. April 17, 1980. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref> for his failure to free the hostages, his approval rating slumped to 33%; that same month Reagan became the front-runner in the 1980 election.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-for-the-first-time-re/156058167/ For the First Time, Reagan Leads Carter]. [[The Tampa Tribune]]. June 18, 1980. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> As Carter was leaving office, a [[Gallup Inc.|Gallup]] poll found that 48% of Americans thought he had been an "average" or "above average" president, 46% said he had been "below average" or "poor", and only 3% thought he had been "outstanding".<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-only-3-regard-carter-a/156083128/ Only 3% regard Carter as 'outstanding' president]. [[The Miami Herald]]. January 9, 1981. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> He left office as one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents in history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/113770/Bush-Presidency-Closes-34-Approval-61-Disapproval.aspx |title=Bush Presidency Closes With 34% Approval, 61% Disapproval |date=January 14, 2009 |publisher=Gallup, Inc. |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119053947/https://www.gallup.com/poll/113770/Bush-Presidency-Closes-34-Approval-61-Disapproval.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2009}}</ref>
Carter began his presidency with an [[approval rating]] between 66% and 75%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/113923/History-Foretells-Obama-First-Job-Approval-Rating.aspx |title=What History Foretells for Obama's First Job Approval Rating |publisher=Gallup.com |date=January 22, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111182110/https://www.gallup.com/poll/113923/History-Foretells-Obama-First-Job-Approval-Rating.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fvr45">Gallup, George (March 27, 1978). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-carters-decline/156055551/ Carter's Decline Is Halted]. [[Gallup Organization]]. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> It remained above 50% until February 1978<ref name="fvr45" /><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pantagraph-carters-approval-rating/156056662/ Carter's approval rating shows rich, poor similar]. ''The Pantagraph''. April 9, 1978. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> and got as low as 28% in July 1979, primarily because of economic issues resulting from a heavy decline in energy and oil production.<ref>Gallup, George (August 14, 1979). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-trust-in-carter-s/156057185/ Trust in Carter Still Strong]. ''Honolulu Star-Bulletin''. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> At the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis, his approval rating surged to 61%, up 23 points from his pre-crisis rating.<ref name="ib453p">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/10/archives/survey-finds-carters-popularity-has-risen-sharply-in-iran-crisis.html Survey Finds Carter's Popularity Has Risen Sharply in Iran Crisis]. The New York Times. December 10, 1979. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> Polls also found that up to 77% of Americans approved of Carter's initial response to the crisis,<ref name="ib453p" /> but by June 1980, amid heated criticism from across the political spectrum<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-carters-lead-over-ken/156180040/ Carter's Lead over Kennedy Is Declining]. [[Gallup Organization]]. ''The Tampa Tribune''. April 17, 1980. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref> for his failure to free the hostages, his approval rating slumped to 33%; that same month Reagan became the front-runner in the 1980 election.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-for-the-first-time-re/156058167/ For the First Time, Reagan Leads Carter]. [[The Tampa Tribune]]. June 18, 1980. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> As Carter was leaving office, a [[Gallup Inc.|Gallup]] poll found that 48% of Americans thought he had been an "average" or "above average" president, 46% said he had been "below average" or "poor", and only 3% thought he had been "outstanding".<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-only-3-regard-carter-a/156083128/ Only 3% regard Carter as 'outstanding' president]. [[The Miami Herald]]. January 9, 1981. Retrieved September 26, 2024.</ref> He left office as one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents in history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/113770/Bush-Presidency-Closes-34-Approval-61-Disapproval.aspx |title=Bush Presidency Closes With 34% Approval, 61% Disapproval |date=January 14, 2009 |publisher=Gallup, Inc. |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119053947/https://www.gallup.com/poll/113770/Bush-Presidency-Closes-34-Approval-61-Disapproval.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2009}}</ref>


Scholars and many Democrats initially viewed Carter's presidency as a failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jimmy Carter's Legacy of Failure |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php <!-- also: https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php --> |date=December 12, 2006 |first=Cinnamon |last=Stillwell |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717125517/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter: Why He Failed |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2000/01/21politics-hess |date=January 21, 2000 |publisher=Brookings Institution |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725153444/https://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2000/01/21politics-hess |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first=Ramesh |last=Ponnuru |title=In Carter's Shadow |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1810305,00.html |magazine=Time |date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725145652/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1810305,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Siders, David (March 13, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/13/jimmy-carter-trump-1207385 Democrats find a foil for Trump in Jimmy Carter]. [[Politico]]. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref> In a 1982 ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' survey, when 49 historians and scholars were asked to rank the best and worst U.S. presidents, Carter was ranked the 10th worst.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-world-presidents-rated-truman-ike/156226892/ Presidents rated: Truman, Ike near the top]. [[Chicago Tribune]]. ''The World''. February 4, 1982. Retrieved September 29, 2024.</ref> Since then, [[historical rankings of American presidents]] have generally ranked his presidency between 18th and 34th place.<ref name="Jimmy Carter's Post-Presidency">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter's Post-Presidency |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-post-presidency/ |website=American Experience |publisher=PBS, WGBH |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506081425/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-post-presidency/}}</ref>{{sfn|Brinkley|1998|pp=505–530}} The 2009 documentary ''[[Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace]]'' credits Carter's efforts at Camp David, which brought peace between Israel and Egypt, with bringing the only meaningful peace to the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gibb |first=Lindsay |url=https://realscreen.com/2009/06/08/montecarlofest-20090608/ |title=Monte-Carlo TV fest opens with doc for first time |date=June 4, 2009 |access-date=June 12, 2012 |archive-date=March 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326204832/https://realscreen.com/2009/06/08/montecarlofest-20090608/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WorldScreen.com – Archives |url=https://www.worldscreen.com/articles/display/21252 |website=worldscreen.com |access-date=June 22, 2015 |url-access=subscription }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His post-presidency activities have been favorably received. ''[[The Independent]]'' wrote, "Carter is widely considered a better man than he was a president."<ref name="Independent 2009-01-22">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/jimmy-carter-1482922.html |title=Jimmy Carter:39th president – 1977–1981 |work=The Independent |location=London |date=January 22, 2009 |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223024100/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/jimmy-carter-1482922.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2007 Gallup poll, 69% of respondents had a favorable opinion of Carter.<ref>Jones, Jeffrey M. (June 11, 2013). [https://news.gallup.com/poll/163022/former-president-george-bush-image-ratings-improve.aspx Former President George W. Bush's Image Ratings Improve]. [[Gallup Organization]]. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref>
Scholars and many Democrats initially viewed Carter's presidency as a failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jimmy Carter's Legacy of Failure |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php <!-- also: https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php --> |date=December 12, 2006 |first=Cinnamon |last=Stillwell |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717125517/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Jimmy-Carter-s-Legacy-of-Failure-2483048.php |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter: Why He Failed |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2000/01/21politics-hess |date=January 21, 2000 |publisher=Brookings Institution |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725153444/https://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2000/01/21politics-hess |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first=Ramesh |last=Ponnuru |title=In Carter's Shadow |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1810305,00.html |magazine=Time |date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=July 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725145652/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1810305,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Siders, David (March 13, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/13/jimmy-carter-trump-1207385 Democrats find a foil for Trump in Jimmy Carter]. [[Politico]]. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref> In a 1982 ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' survey, when 49 historians and scholars were asked to rank the best and worst U.S. presidents, Carter was ranked the 10th worst.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-world-presidents-rated-truman-ike/156226892/ Presidents rated: Truman, Ike near the top]. [[Chicago Tribune]]. ''The World''. February 4, 1982. Retrieved September 29, 2024.</ref> Since then, [[historical rankings of American presidents]] have generally ranked his presidency between 18th and 34th place.<ref name="Jimmy Carter's Post-Presidency">{{cite web |title=Jimmy Carter's Post-Presidency |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-post-presidency/ |website=American Experience |publisher=PBS, WGBH |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506081425/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-post-presidency/}}</ref>{{sfn|Brinkley|1998|pp=505–530}} The 2009 documentary ''[[Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace]]'' credits Carter's efforts at Camp David, which brought peace between Israel and Egypt, with bringing the only meaningful peace to the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gibb |first=Lindsay |url=https://realscreen.com/2009/06/08/montecarlofest-20090608/ |title=Monte-Carlo TV fest opens with doc for first time |date=June 4, 2009 |access-date=June 12, 2012 |archive-date=March 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326204832/https://realscreen.com/2009/06/08/montecarlofest-20090608/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WorldScreen.com – Archives |url=https://www.worldscreen.com/articles/display/21252 |website=worldscreen.com |access-date=June 22, 2015 |url-access=subscription }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His post-presidency activities have been favorably received. ''[[The Independent]]'' wrote, "Carter is widely considered a better man than he was a president."<ref name="Independent 2009-01-22">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/jimmy-carter-1482922.html |title=Jimmy Carter:39th president – 1977–1981 |work=The Independent |location=London |date=January 22, 2009 |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223024100/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/jimmy-carter-1482922.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2007 Gallup poll, 69% of respondents had a favorable opinion of Carter.<ref>Jones, Jeffrey M. (June 11, 2013). [https://news.gallup.com/poll/163022/former-president-george-bush-image-ratings-improve.aspx Former President George W. Bush's Image Ratings Improve]. [[Gallup Organization]]. Retrieved September 28, 2024.</ref>
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