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| Languages = English (80.8%){{break}}Spanish (14.9%){{break}}Other (5.1%)
| Languages = English (80.8%){{break}}Spanish (14.9%){{break}}Other (5.1%)
| population_demonym = [[List of U.S. state residents names|Illinoisan]]
| population_demonym = [[List of U.S. state residents names|Illinoisan]]
| LargestCity = [[Chicago]]
| LargestCity = Chicago
| seat = [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
| seat = [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
| LargestCounty = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
| LargestCounty = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
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'''Illinois''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Illinois.ogg|ˌ|ɪ|l|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɔɪ}} {{respell|IL|in|OY|'}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] region of the [[United States]]. It borders the state of [[Wisconsin]] to its north, [[Iowa]] to its northwest, [[Missouri]] to its southwest, [[Kentucky]] to its south, [[Indiana]] to its east, and has a water border with [[Michigan]] to the northeast in [[Lake Michigan]]. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP)]], the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|sixth-largest population]], and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|25th-most land area]]. Its capital city is [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] in the center of the state, and the state's largest city is [[Chicago]] in the northeast.
'''Illinois''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Illinois.ogg|ˌ|ɪ|l|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɔɪ}} {{respell|IL|in|OY|'}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] region of the [[United States]]. It borders the state of [[Wisconsin]] to its north, [[Iowa]] to its northwest, [[Missouri]] to its southwest, [[Kentucky]] to its south, [[Indiana]] to its east, and has a water border with [[Michigan]] to the northeast in [[Lake Michigan]]. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP)]], the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|sixth-largest population]], and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|25th-most land area]]. Its capital city is [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] in the center of the state, and the state's largest city is Chicago in the northeast.


Present-day Illinois was inhabited by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#History|Indigenous cultures]] for thousands of years. The French were the first Europeans to arrive, settling near the Mississippi and [[Illinois River]] in the 17th century [[Illinois Country]], as part of their sprawling colony of [[New France]]. A century later, the revolutionary [[Illinois campaign]] prefigured American involvement in the region. Following [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|U.S. independence in 1783]], which made the Mississippi River the national boundary, American settlers began arriving from [[Kentucky]] via the Ohio River. Illinois was soon part of the United States' oldest territory, the [[Northwest Territory]], and in 1818 it achieved [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|statehood]]. The [[Erie Canal]] brought increased commercial activity in the Great Lakes, and the invention of the self-scouring [[plough|steel plow]] by Illinoisan [[John Deere (inventor)|John Deere]] turned the state's rich [[prairie]] into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmland, attracting [[Immigration to the United States|immigrant]] farmers from [[German American|Germany]] and [[Swedish American|Sweden]]. In the mid-19th century, the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]] and a sprawling railroad network facilitated trade, commerce, and settlement, making the state a transportation hub for the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html |title=The Historical Development of Transportation in Illinois |last=Ryburn-LaMonte |first=Terri |date=1999 |website=Illinois Periodicals Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010220837/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and [[coal]] mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]]. Illinois became one of America's most industrialized states and remains a major manufacturing center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Illinois Manufacturing Facts |url=https://www.nam.org/state-manufacturing-data/2021-illinois-manufacturing-facts/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=NAM |date=April 26, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the South established a large Black community, particularly in [[Chicago]], which became a leading cultural, economic, and population center; its [[metropolitan area]], informally referred to as [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicagoland]], holds about 65% of the state's 12.8 million residents.  
Present-day Illinois was inhabited by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#History|Indigenous cultures]] for thousands of years. The French were the first Europeans to arrive, settling near the Mississippi and [[Illinois River]] in the 17th century [[Illinois Country]], as part of their sprawling colony of [[New France]]. A century later, the revolutionary [[Illinois campaign]] prefigured American involvement in the region. Following [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|U.S. independence in 1783]], which made the Mississippi River the national boundary, American settlers began arriving from [[Kentucky]] via the Ohio River. Illinois was soon part of the United States' oldest territory, the [[Northwest Territory]], and in 1818 it achieved [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|statehood]]. The [[Erie Canal]] brought increased commercial activity in the Great Lakes, and the invention of the self-scouring [[plough|steel plow]] by Illinoisan [[John Deere (inventor)|John Deere]] turned the state's rich [[prairie]] into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmland, attracting [[Immigration to the United States|immigrant]] farmers from [[German American|Germany]] and [[Swedish American|Sweden]]. In the mid-19th century, the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]] and a sprawling railroad network facilitated trade, commerce, and settlement, making the state a transportation hub for the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html |title=The Historical Development of Transportation in Illinois |last=Ryburn-LaMonte |first=Terri |date=1999 |website=Illinois Periodicals Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010220837/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and [[coal]] mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]]. Illinois became one of America's most industrialized states and remains a major manufacturing center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Illinois Manufacturing Facts |url=https://www.nam.org/state-manufacturing-data/2021-illinois-manufacturing-facts/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=NAM |date=April 26, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the South established a large Black community, particularly in Chicago, which became a leading cultural, economic, and population center; its [[metropolitan area]], informally referred to as [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicagoland]], holds about 65% of the state's 12.8 million residents.  
   
   
Two [[World Heritage Site]]s are in Illinois, the ancient [[Cahokia Mounds]], and part of the [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright|Wright architecture]] site. Major centers of learning include the [[University of Chicago]], [[University of Illinois]], and [[Northwestern University]]. A wide variety of [[List of protected areas of Illinois|protected areas]] seek to conserve Illinois' natural and cultural resources. Three [[President of the United States|U.S. presidents]] have been elected while residents of Illinois: Abraham Lincoln, [[Ulysses S. Grant]], and [[Barack Obama]]; additionally, [[Ronald Reagan]] was born and raised in the state. Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state slogan ''Land of Lincoln''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Illinois License Plates |url=http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/special/plate_history/start_history.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129174458/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/special/plate_history/start_history.html |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 15, 2012 |publisher=Cyberdriveillinois.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Slogan |url=http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/symbols/slogan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515094633/http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/symbols/slogan.html |archive-date=May 15, 2011 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |publisher=Illinois State Museum}}</ref> The state is the site of the [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum]] in Springfield and the future home of the [[Barack Obama Presidential Center]] in Chicago.
Two [[World Heritage Site]]s are in Illinois, the ancient [[Cahokia Mounds]], and part of the [[The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright|Wright architecture]] site. Major centers of learning include the [[University of Chicago]], [[University of Illinois]], and [[Northwestern University]]. A wide variety of [[List of protected areas of Illinois|protected areas]] seek to conserve Illinois' natural and cultural resources. Three [[President of the United States|U.S. presidents]] have been elected while residents of Illinois: Abraham Lincoln, [[Ulysses S. Grant]], and [[Barack Obama]]; additionally, [[Ronald Reagan]] was born and raised in the state. Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state slogan ''Land of Lincoln''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Illinois License Plates |url=http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/special/plate_history/start_history.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129174458/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/special/plate_history/start_history.html |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 15, 2012 |publisher=Cyberdriveillinois.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Slogan |url=http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/symbols/slogan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515094633/http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/symbols/slogan.html |archive-date=May 15, 2011 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |publisher=Illinois State Museum}}</ref> The state is the site of the [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum]] in Springfield and the future home of the [[Barack Obama Presidential Center]] in Chicago.


Illinois has a highly diverse [[Economy of Illinois|economy]], with the [[global city]] of [[Chicago]] in the northeast, major industrial and [[agricultural productivity|agricultural]] hubs in the north and center, and [[natural resource]]s such as coal, timber, and petroleum in the south. Owing to its central location and favorable geography, the state is a major [[transportation hub]]: the [[Port of Chicago]] has access to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the [[Great Lakes]] and [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]] and to the [[Gulf of Mexico]] from the [[Mississippi River]] via the [[Illinois Waterway]]. Chicago has been the nation's [[railroad]] hub since the 1860s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freight Railroad Chronology |url=https://www.aar.org/chronology-of-americas-freight-railroads/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Association of American Railroads |language=en-US |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110181851/https://www.aar.org/chronology-of-americas-freight-railroads/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and its [[O'Hare International Airport]] has been among the world's busiest airports for decades. Illinois has long been considered a [[Macrocosm and microcosm|microcosm]] of the United States and a [[bellwether]] in American culture, exemplified by the phrase ''[[Will it play in Peoria?]]''.<ref name="so">{{cite news |last=Ohlemacher |first=Stephen |date=May 17, 2007 |title=Analysis ranks Illinois most average state |publisher=The Southern Illinoisan |agency=Associated Press |location=Carbondale, Illinois |url=http://www.southernillinoisan.com/articles/2007/05/17/top/20300809.txt |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114074348/http://www.southernillinoisan.com/articles/2007/05/17/top/20300809.txt |archive-date=January 14, 2009}}</ref>{{TOC limit|limit=3}}
Illinois has a highly diverse [[Economy of Illinois|economy]], with the [[global city]] of Chicago in the northeast, major industrial and [[agricultural productivity|agricultural]] hubs in the north and center, and [[natural resource]]s such as coal, timber, and petroleum in the south. Owing to its central location and favorable geography, the state is a major [[transportation hub]]: the [[Port of Chicago]] has access to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the [[Great Lakes]] and [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]] and to the [[Gulf of Mexico]] from the [[Mississippi River]] via the [[Illinois Waterway]]. Chicago has been the nation's [[railroad]] hub since the 1860s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freight Railroad Chronology |url=https://www.aar.org/chronology-of-americas-freight-railroads/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Association of American Railroads |language=en-US |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110181851/https://www.aar.org/chronology-of-americas-freight-railroads/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and its [[O'Hare International Airport]] has been among the world's busiest airports for decades. Illinois has long been considered a [[Macrocosm and microcosm|microcosm]] of the United States and a [[bellwether]] in American culture, exemplified by the phrase ''[[Will it play in Peoria?]]''.<ref name="so">{{cite news |last=Ohlemacher |first=Stephen |date=May 17, 2007 |title=Analysis ranks Illinois most average state |publisher=The Southern Illinoisan |agency=Associated Press |location=Carbondale, Illinois |url=http://www.southernillinoisan.com/articles/2007/05/17/top/20300809.txt |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114074348/http://www.southernillinoisan.com/articles/2007/05/17/top/20300809.txt |archive-date=January 14, 2009}}</ref>{{TOC limit|limit=3}}


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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By 1839, the [[Latter Day Saints]] had founded a [[utopian]] city called [[Nauvoo, Illinois|Nauvoo]], formerly called Commerce. Located in [[Hancock County, Illinois|Hancock County]] along the [[Mississippi River]], Nauvoo flourished and, by 1844, briefly surpassed Chicago for the position of the state's largest city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Easton Black |first=Susan |date=1995 |title=How Large Was the Population of Nauvoo? |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/how-large-was-the-population-of-nauvoo/ |journal=BYU Studies Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=91–94 |access-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204005818/https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/how-large-was-the-population-of-nauvoo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Early Chicago, 1833–1871 |url=https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/archives/teaching_packages/early_chicago/doc23.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=ilsos.gov |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109230005/https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/archives/teaching_packages/early_chicago/doc23.html |url-status=live }}</ref> But in that same year, the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] founder, [[Joseph Smith]], [[Death of Joseph Smith|was killed]] in the [[Carthage Jail]], about 30 miles away from Nauvoo. Following a [[succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)|succession crisis]], [[Brigham Young]] led most Latter Day Saints out of Illinois in a [[Mormon pioneers|mass exodus]] to present-day [[Utah]]; after close to six years of rapid development, Nauvoo quickly declined afterward.
By 1839, the [[Latter Day Saints]] had founded a [[utopian]] city called [[Nauvoo, Illinois|Nauvoo]], formerly called Commerce. Located in [[Hancock County, Illinois|Hancock County]] along the [[Mississippi River]], Nauvoo flourished and, by 1844, briefly surpassed Chicago for the position of the state's largest city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Easton Black |first=Susan |date=1995 |title=How Large Was the Population of Nauvoo? |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/how-large-was-the-population-of-nauvoo/ |journal=BYU Studies Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=91–94 |access-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204005818/https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/how-large-was-the-population-of-nauvoo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Early Chicago, 1833–1871 |url=https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/archives/teaching_packages/early_chicago/doc23.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=ilsos.gov |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109230005/https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/archives/teaching_packages/early_chicago/doc23.html |url-status=live }}</ref> But in that same year, the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] founder, [[Joseph Smith]], [[Death of Joseph Smith|was killed]] in the [[Carthage Jail]], about 30 miles away from Nauvoo. Following a [[succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)|succession crisis]], [[Brigham Young]] led most Latter Day Saints out of Illinois in a [[Mormon pioneers|mass exodus]] to present-day [[Utah]]; after close to six years of rapid development, Nauvoo quickly declined afterward.


After it was established in 1833, [[Chicago]] gained prominence as a [[Great Lakes]] port, and then as an [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]] port after 1848, and as a rail hub soon afterward. By 1857, Chicago was Illinois's largest city.<ref name="Biles" /> With the tremendous growth of mines and factories in the state in the 19th century, Illinois was the ground for the formation of [[labor unions in the United States]].
After it was established in 1833, Chicago gained prominence as a [[Great Lakes]] port, and then as an [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]] port after 1848, and as a rail hub soon afterward. By 1857, Chicago was Illinois's largest city.<ref name="Biles" /> With the tremendous growth of mines and factories in the state in the 19th century, Illinois was the ground for the formation of [[labor unions in the United States]].


In 1847, after lobbying by [[Dorothea Dix|Dorothea L. Dix]], Illinois became one of the first states to establish a system of state-supported treatment of mental illness and disabilities, replacing local [[almshouse]]s. Dix came into this effort after having met J. O. King, a [[Jacksonville, Illinois]] businessman, who invited her to Illinois, where he had been working to build an asylum for the insane. With the lobbying expertise of Dix, plans for the Jacksonville State Hospital (now known as the [[Jacksonville Developmental Center]]) were signed into law on March 1, 1847.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Norbury |first1=Frank |title=Dorothea Dix and the Founding of Illinois's First Mental Hospital |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |date=Spring 1999 |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=13–29 |jstor=40193299}}</ref>
In 1847, after lobbying by [[Dorothea Dix|Dorothea L. Dix]], Illinois became one of the first states to establish a system of state-supported treatment of mental illness and disabilities, replacing local [[almshouse]]s. Dix came into this effort after having met J. O. King, a [[Jacksonville, Illinois]] businessman, who invited her to Illinois, where he had been working to build an asylum for the insane. With the lobbying expertise of Dix, plans for the Jacksonville State Hospital (now known as the [[Jacksonville Developmental Center]]) were signed into law on March 1, 1847.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Norbury |first1=Frank |title=Dorothea Dix and the Founding of Illinois's First Mental Hospital |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |date=Spring 1999 |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=13–29 |jstor=40193299}}</ref>
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The [[Century of Progress]] [[World's fair]] was held at Chicago in 1933. Oil strikes in [[Marion County, Illinois|Marion County]] and [[Crawford County, Illinois|Crawford County]] led to a boom in 1937, and by 1939, Illinois ranked fourth in U.S. oil production. Illinois manufactured 6.1 percent of total United States military armaments produced during [[World War&nbsp;II]], ranking seventh among the 48 states.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peck| first1=Merton J.| author-link2=Frederic M. Scherer |last2=Scherer |first2=Frederic M. |title=The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis |year=1962 |publisher=Harvard Business School |page=111}}</ref> Chicago became an ocean port with the opening of the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]] in 1959. The seaway and the [[Illinois Waterway]] connected Chicago to both the Mississippi River and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. In 1960, [[Ray Kroc]] opened the first [[McDonald's]] franchise in [[Des Plaines, Illinois|Des Plaines]], which was demolished in 1984.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=McDonald's Store No. 1 (Gone), Des Plaines, Illinois |url=https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/11370 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=RoadsideAmerica.com |language=en |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312024737/https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/11370 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1985 a replica was built on the same site to recreate how the original one looked.<ref name=":0" /> Though this replica was demolished in 2017, due to repeated flooding of the building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-27 |title=Des Plaines blames Mt. Prospect, Prospect Hts. for heightened flooding - DailyHerald.com |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130419/news/704199563/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227181958/https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130419/news/704199563/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Placek |first=Christopher |date=2017-11-20 |title=McDonald's plans to tear down Des Plaines replica restaurant |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/20171120/news/mcdonalds-plans-to-tear-down-des-plaines-replica-restaurant/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Daily Herald |language=en-US |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312024737/https://www.dailyherald.com/20171120/news/mcdonalds-plans-to-tear-down-des-plaines-replica-restaurant/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Century of Progress]] [[World's fair]] was held at Chicago in 1933. Oil strikes in [[Marion County, Illinois|Marion County]] and [[Crawford County, Illinois|Crawford County]] led to a boom in 1937, and by 1939, Illinois ranked fourth in U.S. oil production. Illinois manufactured 6.1 percent of total United States military armaments produced during [[World War&nbsp;II]], ranking seventh among the 48 states.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peck| first1=Merton J.| author-link2=Frederic M. Scherer |last2=Scherer |first2=Frederic M. |title=The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis |year=1962 |publisher=Harvard Business School |page=111}}</ref> Chicago became an ocean port with the opening of the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]] in 1959. The seaway and the [[Illinois Waterway]] connected Chicago to both the Mississippi River and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. In 1960, [[Ray Kroc]] opened the first [[McDonald's]] franchise in [[Des Plaines, Illinois|Des Plaines]], which was demolished in 1984.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=McDonald's Store No. 1 (Gone), Des Plaines, Illinois |url=https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/11370 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=RoadsideAmerica.com |language=en |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312024737/https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/11370 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1985 a replica was built on the same site to recreate how the original one looked.<ref name=":0" /> Though this replica was demolished in 2017, due to repeated flooding of the building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-27 |title=Des Plaines blames Mt. Prospect, Prospect Hts. for heightened flooding - DailyHerald.com |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130419/news/704199563/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227181958/https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130419/news/704199563/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Placek |first=Christopher |date=2017-11-20 |title=McDonald's plans to tear down Des Plaines replica restaurant |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/20171120/news/mcdonalds-plans-to-tear-down-des-plaines-replica-restaurant/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Daily Herald |language=en-US |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312024737/https://www.dailyherald.com/20171120/news/mcdonalds-plans-to-tear-down-des-plaines-replica-restaurant/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Illinois had a prominent role in the emergence of the [[nuclear age]]. In 1942, as part of the [[Manhattan Project]], the [[Chicago Pile-1|University of Chicago]] conducted the first sustained [[nuclear chain reaction]]. In 1957, [[Argonne National Laboratory]], near [[Chicago]], activated the first experimental nuclear power generating system in the United States. By 1960, the first privately financed nuclear plant in the United States, [[Dresden Nuclear Power Plant|Dresden 1]], was dedicated near [[Morris, Illinois|Morris]]. In 1967, [[Fermilab]], a national nuclear research facility near [[Batavia, Illinois|Batavia]], opened a [[particle accelerator]], which was the world's largest for over 40 years. With eleven plants currently operating, Illinois leads all states in the amount of electricity generated from nuclear power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comed.com/sites/PartnersBusiness/Documents/EconomicDevelopmentFactSheet.pdf |title=ComEd and Electricity Related Messages for Economic Development |access-date=February 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708180209/https://www.comed.com/sites/PartnersBusiness/Documents/EconomicDevelopmentFactSheet.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comed.com/Documents/about-us/economic-development/ComEd_and_Electricity_Related_EconDev_Messages_-_January_2012.pdf |title=Home &#124; ComEd—An Exelon Company |publisher=ComEd |access-date=February 27, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914144313/https://www.comed.com/Documents/about-us/economic-development/ComEd_and_Electricity_Related_EconDev_Messages_-_January_2012.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref>
Illinois had a prominent role in the emergence of the [[nuclear age]]. In 1942, as part of the [[Manhattan Project]], the [[Chicago Pile-1|University of Chicago]] conducted the first sustained [[nuclear chain reaction]]. In 1957, [[Argonne National Laboratory]], near Chicago, activated the first experimental nuclear power generating system in the United States. By 1960, the first privately financed nuclear plant in the United States, [[Dresden Nuclear Power Plant|Dresden 1]], was dedicated near [[Morris, Illinois|Morris]]. In 1967, [[Fermilab]], a national nuclear research facility near [[Batavia, Illinois|Batavia]], opened a [[particle accelerator]], which was the world's largest for over 40 years. With eleven plants currently operating, Illinois leads all states in the amount of electricity generated from nuclear power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comed.com/sites/PartnersBusiness/Documents/EconomicDevelopmentFactSheet.pdf |title=ComEd and Electricity Related Messages for Economic Development |access-date=February 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708180209/https://www.comed.com/sites/PartnersBusiness/Documents/EconomicDevelopmentFactSheet.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comed.com/Documents/about-us/economic-development/ComEd_and_Electricity_Related_EconDev_Messages_-_January_2012.pdf |title=Home &#124; ComEd—An Exelon Company |publisher=ComEd |access-date=February 27, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914144313/https://www.comed.com/Documents/about-us/economic-development/ComEd_and_Electricity_Related_EconDev_Messages_-_January_2012.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref>


In 1961, Illinois became the first state in the nation to adopt the recommendation of the [[American Law Institute]] and pass a comprehensive criminal code revision that repealed the law against [[Sodomy laws in the United States|sodomy]]. The code also abrogated [[common law crime]]s and established an [[age of consent]] of 18.<ref>{{cite web |last=Painter |first=George |title=The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States: Illinois |url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/sensibilities/illinois.htm#fn73 |website=The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers |publisher=Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest |access-date=January 12, 2012 |date=August 10, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515065329/http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/sensibilities/illinois.htm#fn73 |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The state's [[Illinois Constitution|fourth constitution]] was adopted in 1970, replacing the 1870 document.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hillard |first1=James |title=The Illinois Constitution: A Primer |journal=Illinois Bar Journal |date=October 2008 |volume=96 |issue=10 |page=494 |url=https://www.isba.org/ibj/2008/10/theillinoisconstitutionaprimer |access-date=November 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102094526/https://www.isba.org/ibj/2008/10/theillinoisconstitutionaprimer |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1961, Illinois became the first state in the nation to adopt the recommendation of the [[American Law Institute]] and pass a comprehensive criminal code revision that repealed the law against [[Sodomy laws in the United States|sodomy]]. The code also abrogated [[common law crime]]s and established an [[age of consent]] of 18.<ref>{{cite web |last=Painter |first=George |title=The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States: Illinois |url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/sensibilities/illinois.htm#fn73 |website=The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers |publisher=Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest |access-date=January 12, 2012 |date=August 10, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515065329/http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/sensibilities/illinois.htm#fn73 |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The state's [[Illinois Constitution|fourth constitution]] was adopted in 1970, replacing the 1870 document.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hillard |first1=James |title=The Illinois Constitution: A Primer |journal=Illinois Bar Journal |date=October 2008 |volume=96 |issue=10 |page=494 |url=https://www.isba.org/ibj/2008/10/theillinoisconstitutionaprimer |access-date=November 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102094526/https://www.isba.org/ibj/2008/10/theillinoisconstitutionaprimer |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"| [[Chicago]]<ref>"[http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-illinois/chicago-weather.asp Chicago Weather] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524075650/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-illinois/chicago-weather.asp |date=May 24, 2008 }}", ustravelweather.com</ref>
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"| Chicago<ref>"[http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-illinois/chicago-weather.asp Chicago Weather] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524075650/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-illinois/chicago-weather.asp |date=May 24, 2008 }}", ustravelweather.com</ref>
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{{as of|2022}}, 50% of Illinois's population younger than age 4 were minorities (Note: Children born to white Hispanics or to a sole full or partial minority parent are counted as minorities).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IECAM |url=https://db.iecam.illinois.edu/search.asp |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=db.iecam.illinois.edu}}</ref>
{{as of|2022}}, 50% of Illinois's population younger than age 4 were minorities (Note: Children born to white Hispanics or to a sole full or partial minority parent are counted as minorities).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IECAM |url=https://db.iecam.illinois.edu/search.asp |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=db.iecam.illinois.edu}}</ref>


The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 83.5% in 1970<ref>{{cite web |title=Illinois QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401070310/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |archive-date=April 1, 2009 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> to 58.5% in 2022.<ref name="CensusACS2022" /> Almost 60% of Illinois' minority population, including over 67% of the black population, lives in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], while the county includes around 40% of the state's total population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Cook County, IL |url=http://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17031-cook-county-il/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Cook County, which is home to [[Chicago]], is the only [[Majority minority in the United States|majority-minority]] county within Illinois, with non-Hispanic whites making up a plurality of 40.4% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=05000US17031&primary_geo_id=05000US17031 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> In 2020, 96,498 identified as being Native American alone, while 184,487 did in combination with one or more other races. Over half of this demographic also identified as being Hispanic or Latino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>
The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 83.5% in 1970<ref>{{cite web |title=Illinois QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401070310/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |archive-date=April 1, 2009 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> to 58.5% in 2022.<ref name="CensusACS2022" /> Almost 60% of Illinois' minority population, including over 67% of the black population, lives in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], while the county includes around 40% of the state's total population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Cook County, IL |url=http://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17031-cook-county-il/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Cook County, which is home to Chicago, is the only [[Majority minority in the United States|majority-minority]] county within Illinois, with non-Hispanic whites making up a plurality of 40.4% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=05000US17031&primary_geo_id=05000US17031 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> In 2020, 96,498 identified as being Native American alone, while 184,487 did in combination with one or more other races. Over half of this demographic also identified as being Hispanic or Latino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>


=== Ancestry ===
=== Ancestry ===
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Illinois has numerous museums; the greatest concentration of these are in Chicago. Several museums in Chicago are ranked as some of the best in the world. These include the [[Shedd Aquarium|John G. Shedd Aquarium]], the [[Field Museum of Natural History]], the [[Art Institute of Chicago]], the [[Adler Planetarium]], and the [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Museum of Science and Industry]].
Illinois has numerous museums; the greatest concentration of these are in Chicago. Several museums in Chicago are ranked as some of the best in the world. These include the [[Shedd Aquarium|John G. Shedd Aquarium]], the [[Field Museum of Natural History]], the [[Art Institute of Chicago]], the [[Adler Planetarium]], and the [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Museum of Science and Industry]].


The modern [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum]] in Springfield is the largest and most attended [[Presidential library system|presidential library]] in the country. The Illinois State Museum boasts a collection of 13.5&nbsp;million objects that tell the story of Illinois life, land, people, and art. The ISM is among only 5% of the nation's museums that are accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Other historical museums in the state include the [[Polish Museum of America]] in [[Chicago]]; [[Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)|Magnolia Manor]] in [[Cairo, Illinois|Cairo]]; [[Easley Pioneer Museum]] in [[Ipava, Illinois|Ipava]]; the [[Elihu Benjamin Washburne House|Elihu Benjamin Washburne]]; [[Ulysses S. Grant Home]]s, both in [[Galena, Illinois|Galena]]; and the Chanute Air Museum, located on the former Chanute Air Force Base in Rantoul.
The modern [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum]] in Springfield is the largest and most attended [[Presidential library system|presidential library]] in the country. The Illinois State Museum boasts a collection of 13.5&nbsp;million objects that tell the story of Illinois life, land, people, and art. The ISM is among only 5% of the nation's museums that are accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Other historical museums in the state include the [[Polish Museum of America]] in Chicago; [[Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)|Magnolia Manor]] in [[Cairo, Illinois|Cairo]]; [[Easley Pioneer Museum]] in [[Ipava, Illinois|Ipava]]; the [[Elihu Benjamin Washburne House|Elihu Benjamin Washburne]]; [[Ulysses S. Grant Home]]s, both in [[Galena, Illinois|Galena]]; and the Chanute Air Museum, located on the former Chanute Air Force Base in Rantoul.


The Chicago metropolitan area also hosts two zoos: The [[Brookfield Zoo]], located about ten miles west of the city center in suburban [[Brookfield, Illinois|Brookfield]], contains more than 2,300 animals and covers {{cvt|216|acre}}. The [[Lincoln Park Zoo]] is located in [[Lincoln Park]] on Chicago's North Side, approximately {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the [[downtown Chicago|Loop]]. The zoo accounts for more than {{cvt|35|acre}} of the park.
The Chicago metropolitan area also hosts two zoos: The [[Brookfield Zoo]], located about ten miles west of the city center in suburban [[Brookfield, Illinois|Brookfield]], contains more than 2,300 animals and covers {{cvt|216|acre}}. The [[Lincoln Park Zoo]] is located in [[Lincoln Park]] on Chicago's North Side, approximately {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the [[downtown Chicago|Loop]]. The zoo accounts for more than {{cvt|35|acre}} of the park.
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<gallery mode="packed" caption="Illinois Museums" heights="100px" widths="100px">
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Illinois Museums" heights="100px" widths="100px">
Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg|[[Vandalia State House State Historic Site]] in [[Vandalia, Illinois|Vandalia]]
Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg|[[Vandalia State House State Historic Site]] in [[Vandalia, Illinois|Vandalia]]
Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago).jpg|The [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Museum of Science and Industry]] in [[Chicago]]
Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago).jpg|The [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Museum of Science and Industry]] in Chicago
Magnolia Manor.jpg|[[Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)|Magnolia Manor]] is a [[Victorian period]] [[historic house museum]] in [[Cairo, Illinois|Cairo]].
Magnolia Manor.jpg|[[Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)|Magnolia Manor]] is a [[Victorian period]] [[historic house museum]] in [[Cairo, Illinois|Cairo]].
Lincoln Home 1.jpg|[[Lincoln Home National Historic Site]] in [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
Lincoln Home 1.jpg|[[Lincoln Home National Historic Site]] in [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
20070822 Polish Museum.JPG|The [[Polish Museum of America]] in [[Chicago]]
20070822 Polish Museum.JPG|The [[Polish Museum of America]] in Chicago
CBQ 1926 20050716 Illinois Railway Museum.jpg|A [[Railway Post Office]] preserved at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] in [[Union, Illinois|Union]]</gallery>
CBQ 1926 20050716 Illinois Railway Museum.jpg|A [[Railway Post Office]] preserved at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] in [[Union, Illinois|Union]]</gallery>


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Illinois is a leader in music education, having hosted the [[Midwest Clinic|Midwest Clinic International Band and Orchestra Conference]] since 1946, as well being home to the Illinois Music Educators Association (ILMEA, formerly IMEA), one of the largest professional music educator's organizations in the country. Each summer since 2004, [[Southern Illinois University Carbondale]] has played host to the Southern Illinois Music Festival, which presents dozens of performances throughout the region. Past featured artists include the [[Eroica Trio]] and violinist [[David Kim (violinist)|David Kim]].
Illinois is a leader in music education, having hosted the [[Midwest Clinic|Midwest Clinic International Band and Orchestra Conference]] since 1946, as well being home to the Illinois Music Educators Association (ILMEA, formerly IMEA), one of the largest professional music educator's organizations in the country. Each summer since 2004, [[Southern Illinois University Carbondale]] has played host to the Southern Illinois Music Festival, which presents dozens of performances throughout the region. Past featured artists include the [[Eroica Trio]] and violinist [[David Kim (violinist)|David Kim]].


[[Chicago]], in the northeast corner of the state, is a [[Music of Chicago|major center for music]]<ref>[http://www.centerstagechicago.com/music/ Centerstage Chicago] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708205635/http://www.centerstagechicago.com/music/ |date=July 8, 2008 }} Retrieved on September 18, 2008</ref> in the [[midwestern United States]] where distinctive forms of blues (greatly responsible for the future creation of [[rock and roll]]), and [[house music]], a genre of electronic dance music, were developed.
Chicago, in the northeast corner of the state, is a [[Music of Chicago|major center for music]]<ref>[http://www.centerstagechicago.com/music/ Centerstage Chicago] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708205635/http://www.centerstagechicago.com/music/ |date=July 8, 2008 }} Retrieved on September 18, 2008</ref> in the [[midwestern United States]] where distinctive forms of blues (greatly responsible for the future creation of [[rock and roll]]), and [[house music]], a genre of electronic dance music, were developed.


The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of poor black workers from the South into the industrial cities brought traditional [[jazz]] and [[blues music]] to the city, resulting in [[Chicago blues]] and "Chicago-style" [[Dixieland]] [[jazz]]. Notable blues artists included [[Muddy Waters]], [[Junior Wells]], [[Howlin' Wolf]] and both [[Sonny Boy Williamson II|Sonny Boy Williamsons]]; jazz greats included [[Nat King Cole]], [[Gene Ammons]], [[Benny Goodman]], and [[Bud Freeman]]. Chicago is also well known for its [[soul music]].
The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of poor black workers from the South into the industrial cities brought traditional [[jazz]] and [[blues music]] to the city, resulting in [[Chicago blues]] and "Chicago-style" [[Dixieland]] [[jazz]]. Notable blues artists included [[Muddy Waters]], [[Junior Wells]], [[Howlin' Wolf]] and both [[Sonny Boy Williamson II|Sonny Boy Williamsons]]; jazz greats included [[Nat King Cole]], [[Gene Ammons]], [[Benny Goodman]], and [[Bud Freeman]]. Chicago is also well known for its [[soul music]].
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[[File:Governor JB Pritzker official portrait 2019 (crop).jpg|thumb|upright|Governor [[J. B. Pritzker]] (D)]]
[[File:Governor JB Pritzker official portrait 2019 (crop).jpg|thumb|upright|Governor [[J. B. Pritzker]] (D)]]


In modern national and state politics, Illinois is a [[Red states and blue states|Democratic stronghold]].<ref>{{cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Illinois-The-Most-Democratic-State-126772408.html |title=Illinois: The Most Democratic State |publisher=[[NBC Chicago]] |date=August 4, 2011 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313040549/http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Illinois-The-Most-Democratic-State-126772408.html |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, Illinois was a political [[swing state]], with near-parity existing between the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] parties. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground, and Illinois has come to be seen as a solid [[Red states and blue states|"blue" state]] in both presidential and congressional campaigns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0716/p01s01-uspo.html |title=Suburb shift turns state blue / The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=CSMonitor.com |date=July 16, 2004 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716022620/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0716/p01s01-uspo.html |archive-date=July 16, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Illinois a blue island in red sea | author-first = Russell | author-last = Working | newspaper = Chicago Tribune | date = 2004-11-08 | pages = [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-illinois-a-blue-island-i/126633609/ 1-1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-politics-but-even-in-il/126633660/ 1-15] | via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> Illinois's Democratic tendencies are mostly attributable to [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] and [[Chicago]], by far the state's largest county and city, respectively, which have long been strongly Democratic. The [[collar counties]], affluent suburban counties that surround Cook County, were ancestrally Republican and helped keep the state competitive; however, they have swung toward the left in recent elections as the national Republican Party has become increasingly conservative, which has cemented Democratic dominance in state politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2020 |title=Illinois primary live results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/17/politics/illinois-primary-results-live/index.html |access-date=July 7, 2024 |website= |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref> [[Downstate Illinois|Outside of the Chicago metropolitan area]], the state's rural areas are heavily Republican. The dominance of the Chicago area in state elections is so overwhelming that it has influenced a [[List of state partition proposals in the United States#Illinois|secessionist movement]] in the downstate region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |date=October 15, 2020 |title=If Downstate Illinois Seceded |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/October-2020/Illinois-Secession/ |access-date=July 14, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Magazine]] |language=en-US |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028223448/http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/October-2020/Illinois-Secession/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In modern national and state politics, Illinois is a [[Red states and blue states|Democratic stronghold]].<ref>{{cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Illinois-The-Most-Democratic-State-126772408.html |title=Illinois: The Most Democratic State |publisher=[[NBC Chicago]] |date=August 4, 2011 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313040549/http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Illinois-The-Most-Democratic-State-126772408.html |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, Illinois was a political [[swing state]], with near-parity existing between the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] parties. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground, and Illinois has come to be seen as a solid [[Red states and blue states|"blue" state]] in both presidential and congressional campaigns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0716/p01s01-uspo.html |title=Suburb shift turns state blue / The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=CSMonitor.com |date=July 16, 2004 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716022620/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0716/p01s01-uspo.html |archive-date=July 16, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Illinois a blue island in red sea | author-first = Russell | author-last = Working | newspaper = Chicago Tribune | date = 2004-11-08 | pages = [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-illinois-a-blue-island-i/126633609/ 1-1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-politics-but-even-in-il/126633660/ 1-15] | via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> Illinois's Democratic tendencies are mostly attributable to [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] and Chicago, by far the state's largest county and city, respectively, which have long been strongly Democratic. The [[collar counties]], affluent suburban counties that surround Cook County, were ancestrally Republican and helped keep the state competitive; however, they have swung toward the left in recent elections as the national Republican Party has become increasingly conservative, which has cemented Democratic dominance in state politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2020 |title=Illinois primary live results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/17/politics/illinois-primary-results-live/index.html |access-date=July 7, 2024 |website= |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref> [[Downstate Illinois|Outside of the Chicago metropolitan area]], the state's rural areas are heavily Republican. The dominance of the Chicago area in state elections is so overwhelming that it has influenced a [[List of state partition proposals in the United States#Illinois|secessionist movement]] in the downstate region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |date=October 15, 2020 |title=If Downstate Illinois Seceded |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/October-2020/Illinois-Secession/ |access-date=July 14, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Magazine]] |language=en-US |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028223448/http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/October-2020/Illinois-Secession/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Illinois was long seen as a national bellwether,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1990/ii900209.html |title=Illinois as a bellwether: So what? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194005/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1990/ii900209.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date= July 21, 2013 |first1=David H. |last1=Everson |date=February 1990 |work=Illinois Issues |publisher=Illinois Periodicals Online at Northern Illinois University  }}</ref> supporting the winner in every election in the 20th century, except for [[1916 United States presidential election in Illinois|1916]] and [[1976 United States presidential election in Illinois|1976]]. Since the [[1992 United States presidential election|1992 election]], however, Illinois has trended more toward the Democratic Party and is part of the "[[Blue wall (U.S. politics)|blue wall]]" of states that have consistently voted Democratic in the last six presidential elections. In [[2000 United States presidential election in Illinois|2000]], [[George W. Bush]] became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying either Illinois or [[Vermont]], with [[Donald Trump]] repeating the feat in 2016. Illinois has not elected a Republican to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] since [[Mark Kirk]] won in [[2010 United States Senate elections in Illinois|2010]]; the last Republicans to hold statewide office were Governor [[Bruce Rauner]] and Lieutenant Governor [[Evelyn Sanguinetti]], who both left office in 2019.
Illinois was long seen as a national bellwether,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1990/ii900209.html |title=Illinois as a bellwether: So what? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194005/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1990/ii900209.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date= July 21, 2013 |first1=David H. |last1=Everson |date=February 1990 |work=Illinois Issues |publisher=Illinois Periodicals Online at Northern Illinois University  }}</ref> supporting the winner in every election in the 20th century, except for [[1916 United States presidential election in Illinois|1916]] and [[1976 United States presidential election in Illinois|1976]]. Since the [[1992 United States presidential election|1992 election]], however, Illinois has trended more toward the Democratic Party and is part of the "[[Blue wall (U.S. politics)|blue wall]]" of states that have consistently voted Democratic in the last six presidential elections. In [[2000 United States presidential election in Illinois|2000]], [[George W. Bush]] became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying either Illinois or [[Vermont]], with [[Donald Trump]] repeating the feat in 2016. Illinois has not elected a Republican to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] since [[Mark Kirk]] won in [[2010 United States Senate elections in Illinois|2010]]; the last Republicans to hold statewide office were Governor [[Bruce Rauner]] and Lieutenant Governor [[Evelyn Sanguinetti]], who both left office in 2019.
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