Bureau of Land Management: Difference between revisions

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 The '''Bureau of Land Management''' ('''BLM''') is an agency within the [[United States Department of the Interior]] responsible for administering [[federal lands|U.S. federal lands]].  Headquartered in [[Washington, D.C.]], the BLM oversees more than {{convert|247.3|e6acre|km2}} of land, or one-eighth of the United States's total landmass.<ref name="stats1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/ |title=Public Land Statistics |publisher=BLM |access-date=November 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105050127/http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/ |archive-date=November 5, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-The Bureau was created by [[United States Congress|Congress]] during the presidency of [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the [[United States General Land Office]] and the [[United States Grazing Service|Grazing Service]].<ref name="montana3">{{Cite thesis |last=Elliott |first=Clayton R. |title=Innovation in the U.S. Bureau of Land Management: Insights from Integrating Mule Deer Management with Oil and Gas Leasing (Masters Thesis) |date=August 2010 |publisher=[[University of Montana]] |pages=42–51 |hdl=2027.42/77588|type=Thesis }}</ref> The agency manages the federal government's nearly {{convert|700|e6acre|km2}} of subsurface [[Mineral rights|mineral estate]] located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the [[Homestead Act of 1862]].<ref name=montana3 /> Most BLM public lands are located in these 12 [[Western United States|western]] states: [[Alaska]], [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Nevada]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Wyoming]].<ref name="cali">{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/about_blm/history.print.html |title=History of the BLM: Yesterday and Today |publisher=BLM California |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127214504/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/about_blm/history.print.html |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref>
+The Bureau was created by [[United States Congress|Congress]] during the presidency of Harry S. Truman in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the [[United States General Land Office]] and the [[United States Grazing Service|Grazing Service]].<ref name="montana3">{{Cite thesis |last=Elliott |first=Clayton R. |title=Innovation in the U.S. Bureau of Land Management: Insights from Integrating Mule Deer Management with Oil and Gas Leasing (Masters Thesis) |date=August 2010 |publisher=[[University of Montana]] |pages=42–51 |hdl=2027.42/77588|type=Thesis }}</ref> The agency manages the federal government's nearly {{convert|700|e6acre|km2}} of subsurface [[Mineral rights|mineral estate]] located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the [[Homestead Act of 1862]].<ref name=montana3 /> Most BLM public lands are located in these 12 [[Western United States|western]] states: [[Alaska]], [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Nevada]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Wyoming]].<ref name="cali">{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/about_blm/history.print.html |title=History of the BLM: Yesterday and Today |publisher=BLM California |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127214504/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/about_blm/history.print.html |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref>
 The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/About_BLM.print.html |title=The Bureau of Land Management: Who We Are, What We Do |publisher=BLM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127214355/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/About_BLM.print.html |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref> Originally BLM holdings were described as "land nobody wanted" because homesteaders had passed them by.<ref name=cali /> All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on {{convert|155|e6acre|km2}} of BLM public lands.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/grazing.html |title=Fact Sheet on the BLM's Management of Livestock Grazing |publisher=BLM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129063736/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/grazing.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref> The agency manages 221 [[wilderness area]]s, 29 [[National monument (United States)|national monuments]] and some 636 other protected areas as part of the [[National Conservation Lands]] (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about {{convert|36|e6acre|km2}}.<ref name="BLMconservation">{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS.html |title=National Conservation Lands |publisher=BLM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122114910/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS.html |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref> In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of [[National Wild and Scenic Rivers System|Wild and Scenic Rivers]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/wild-and-scenic-rivers |title=Programs: National Conservation Lands: Wild and Scenic Rivers {{!}} BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |date=September 30, 2016 |website=www.blm.gov |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207122507/https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/wild-and-scenic-rivers |archive-date=February 7, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and nearly 6,000 miles of [[National Trails System|National Scenic and Historic Trails]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/national-scenic-and-historic-trails |title=Programs: National Conservation Lands: National Scenic and Historic Trails {{!}} BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |date=September 30, 2016 |website=www.blm.gov |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130010204/https://www.blm.gov/programs/national-conservation-lands/national-scenic-and-historic-trails |archive-date=January 30, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]], the states, and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] groups.<ref name="stats2">See Part 3 of the BLM's Public Land Statistics, "Commercial Uses and Revenue Generated"</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/energy/oil_and_gas.html |title=Oil and Gas |publisher=BLM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127214615/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/energy/oil_and_gas.html |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/energy.html |title=New Energy for America |publisher=BLM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206051031/http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/energy.html |archive-date=February 6, 2015 |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref>