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Department of State: Difference between revisions
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In 1903, the Bureau of Foreign Commerce was transferred to the newly created [[United States Department of Commerce and Labor|Department of Commerce and Labor]], and the bureau was replaced by an office to facilitate the transfer of information between consular offices and the new department. The Passport Bureau was restored the same year, and its name was changed to the Bureau of Citizenship in 1907.{{Sfn|Short|1923|pp=229-230}} The department underwent a major reform in 1909 when Congress expanded its funding. Separate divisions were established within the Department for Latin American Affairs, Far Eastern Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, Western European Affairs, and Information.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=231}} An additional Division of Mexican Affairs was established in 1915.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=232}} The Bureau of Trade Relations was abolished in 1912 and replaced by an Office of Foreign Trade Advisers, and the Office of the Adviser on Commercial Treaties was split from this office in 1916.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=232}} | In 1903, the Bureau of Foreign Commerce was transferred to the newly created [[United States Department of Commerce and Labor|Department of Commerce and Labor]], and the bureau was replaced by an office to facilitate the transfer of information between consular offices and the new department. The Passport Bureau was restored the same year, and its name was changed to the Bureau of Citizenship in 1907.{{Sfn|Short|1923|pp=229-230}} The department underwent a major reform in 1909 when Congress expanded its funding. Separate divisions were established within the Department for Latin American Affairs, Far Eastern Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, Western European Affairs, and Information.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=231}} An additional Division of Mexican Affairs was established in 1915.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=232}} The Bureau of Trade Relations was abolished in 1912 and replaced by an Office of Foreign Trade Advisers, and the Office of the Adviser on Commercial Treaties was split from this office in 1916.{{Sfn|Short|1923|p=232}} | ||
During | During World War I, the Bureau of Citizenship was tasked with vetting every person who entered or departed from the United States to ensure public safety. New branches of the Bureau of Citizenship were opened in New York and San Francisco. In the final months of World War I, the Bureau of Citizenship was split into the Division of Passport Control and the Visa Office. Other changes made during World War I include the conversion of the Division of Information into the Division of Foreign Intelligence in 1917 and the establishment of the Correspondence Bureau in 1918.{{Sfn|Short|1923|pp=232-233}} The Division of Russian Affairs was established in 1919, and the Division of Political Information was established in 1920. The Department of State underwent its first major overhaul with the [[Rogers Act|Rogers Act of 1924]], which merged the diplomatic and consular services into the [[United States Foreign Service|Foreign Service]], a professionalized personnel system under which the [[United States Secretary of State|secretary of state]] is authorized to assign [[diplomat]]s abroad. An extremely difficult Foreign Service examination was also implemented to ensure highly qualified recruits, along with a merit-based system of promotions. The Rogers Act also created the Board of the Foreign Service, which advises the Secretary of State on managing the Foreign Service, and the Board of Examiners of the Foreign Service, which administers the examination process. | ||
The post-Second World War period saw an unprecedented increase in funding and staff commensurate with the US's emergence as a superpower and its competition with the Soviet Union in the subsequent Cold War.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Department History - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory |access-date=November 26, 2020 |website=history.state.gov |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122192219/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory |url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, the number of domestic and overseas employees grew from roughly 2,000 in 1940 to over 13,000 in 1960.<ref name=":0" /> | The post-Second World War period saw an unprecedented increase in funding and staff commensurate with the US's emergence as a superpower and its competition with the Soviet Union in the subsequent Cold War.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Department History - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory |access-date=November 26, 2020 |website=history.state.gov |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122192219/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory |url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, the number of domestic and overseas employees grew from roughly 2,000 in 1940 to over 13,000 in 1960.<ref name=":0" /> | ||