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The [[Greater Los Angeles]] and [[San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco Bay]] areas are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous [[Statistical area (United States)|urban regions]], with 19 million and 10 million residents respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American FactFinder—Results |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124024658/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |access-date=October 24, 2017 |website=factfinder.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Los Angeles]] is the state's [[List of largest California cities by population|most populous city]] and the nation's [[List of United States cities by population|second-most]]; California's [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] is [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]. [[Geography of California|The state's diverse geography]] ranges from the [[Coastal California|Pacific Coast]] and metropolitan areas in the west to the [[Sierra Nevada]] mountains in the east, and from the [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]] and [[Douglas fir]] forests in the northwest to the [[Mojave Desert]] in the southeast. Two-thirds of the nation's [[List of earthquakes in California|earthquake]] risk lies in California.<ref name=CaliforniaEarthquakesHumanRisk>{{cite web|url=https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk|title=What is the Earthquake Risk in California?|publisher=California Earthquake Authority|access-date=March 12, 2023|quote=CALIFORNIA IS HOME TO TWO-THIRDS OF OUR NATION'S EARTHQUAKE RISK.}}</ref> The [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]], a [[fertilizer|fertile]] agricultural area, dominates the state's center. The large size of the state results in [[Climate of California|climates]] that vary from moist [[temperate rainforest]] in the north to arid [[Desert climate|desert]] in the interior, as well as snowy [[alpine climate|alpine]] in the [[List of mountain ranges of California|mountains]]. [[Droughts in California|Droughts]] and [[List of California wildfires|wildfires]] are an ongoing issue.<ref name="Elassar-2022">{{Cite web |last=Elassar |first=Alaa |date=April 3, 2022 |title=California once prohibited Native American fire practices. Now, it's asking tribes to use them to help prevent wildfires |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/us/california-native-american-fire-practitioners-wildfires-climate/index.html |access-date=January 4, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
The [[Greater Los Angeles]] and [[San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco Bay]] areas are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous [[Statistical area (United States)|urban regions]], with 19 million and 10 million residents respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American FactFinder—Results |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124024658/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |access-date=October 24, 2017 |website=factfinder.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Los Angeles]] is the state's [[List of largest California cities by population|most populous city]] and the nation's [[List of United States cities by population|second-most]]; California's [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] is [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]. [[Geography of California|The state's diverse geography]] ranges from the [[Coastal California|Pacific Coast]] and metropolitan areas in the west to the [[Sierra Nevada]] mountains in the east, and from the [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]] and [[Douglas fir]] forests in the northwest to the [[Mojave Desert]] in the southeast. Two-thirds of the nation's [[List of earthquakes in California|earthquake]] risk lies in California.<ref name=CaliforniaEarthquakesHumanRisk>{{cite web|url=https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk|title=What is the Earthquake Risk in California?|publisher=California Earthquake Authority|access-date=March 12, 2023|quote=CALIFORNIA IS HOME TO TWO-THIRDS OF OUR NATION'S EARTHQUAKE RISK.}}</ref> The [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]], a [[fertilizer|fertile]] agricultural area, dominates the state's center. The large size of the state results in [[Climate of California|climates]] that vary from moist [[temperate rainforest]] in the north to arid [[Desert climate|desert]] in the interior, as well as snowy [[alpine climate|alpine]] in the [[List of mountain ranges of California|mountains]]. [[Droughts in California|Droughts]] and [[List of California wildfires|wildfires]] are an ongoing issue.<ref name="Elassar-2022">{{Cite web |last=Elassar |first=Alaa |date=April 3, 2022 |title=California once prohibited Native American fire practices. Now, it's asking tribes to use them to help prevent wildfires |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/us/california-native-american-fire-practitioners-wildfires-climate/index.html |access-date=January 4, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>


[[Economy of California|California's economy]] is the largest of any U.S. state, with a $4.0 trillion [[gross state product]] {{as of|2024|lc=y}}.<ref name="GDPByState" /> It is the [[List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars|largest sub-national economy]] in the world. [[Agriculture in California|California's agricultural industry]] has the highest output of any U.S. state,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Brian |date=July 10, 2013 |title=The C-Free Diet |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/explainer/2013/07/california_grows_all_of_our_fruits_and_vegetables_what_would_we_eat_without.html |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CDFA—Statistics |url=https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/ |publisher=California Department of Food and Agriculture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 27, 2017 |title=California farms produce a lot of food—but what and how much might surprise you |work=[[Orange County Register]] |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2017/07/27/california-farms-produce-a-lot-of-food-but-what-and-how-much-might-surprise-you/}}</ref> and is led by its [[California dairy industry|dairy]], [[Almond cultivation in California|almonds]], and [[Grape cultivation in California|grapes]].<ref name="Jason Gibson-2012">{{Cite web |last1=Vic Tolomeo |last2=Kelly Krug |last3=Doug Flohr |last4=Jason Gibson |date=October 31, 2012 |title=California Agricultural Statistics: 2011 Crop Year |url=http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/California_Ag_Statistics/Reports/2011cas-all.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224123521/http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/California_Ag_Statistics/Reports/2011cas-all.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=July 1, 2013 |website=National Agricultural Statistics Service |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> With the busiest port in the country ([[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles]]), California plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain, hauling in about 40% of goods imported to the US.<ref name="Karlamangla">{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/18/us/port-of-los-angeles-supply-chain.html |title=The Busiest Port in the U.S. |last=Karlamangla |first=Soumya |date= November 4, 2021|website= [[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 16, 2023 |quote= But despite its glitzy image, L.A. is home to the busiest port in the Western Hemisphere. It plays a major role in the global supply chain}}</ref> Notable contributions to [[Culture of California|popular culture]], ranging from [[Media in Los Angeles|entertainment]], [[Sports in California|sports]], [[Music of California|music]], and [[fashion]], have their origins in California. California is the home of [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, profoundly influencing global entertainment. The San Francisco Bay and the Greater Los Angeles areas are seen as the centers of the global technology and [[Cinema of the United States|U.S. film]] industries, respectively.<ref name="BEA">{{Cite web |title=California Gross domestic product (GDP) (millions of current dollars) |url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=1#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7007=2014&7093=levels&7003=200&7035=-1&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=06000 |access-date=July 19, 2015 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis |archive-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806012919/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=1#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7007=2014&7093=levels&7003=200&7035=-1&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=06000 }}</ref>
[[Economy of California|California's economy]] is the largest of any U.S. state, with a $4.0 trillion [[gross state product]] {{as of|2024|lc=y}}.<ref name="GDPByState" /> It is the [[List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars|largest sub-national economy]] in the world. [[Agriculture in California|California's agricultural industry]] has the highest output of any U.S. state,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Brian |date=July 10, 2013 |title=The C-Free Diet |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/explainer/2013/07/california_grows_all_of_our_fruits_and_vegetables_what_would_we_eat_without.html |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CDFA—Statistics |url=https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/ |publisher=California Department of Food and Agriculture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 27, 2017 |title=California farms produce a lot of food—but what and how much might surprise you |work=[[Orange County Register]] |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2017/07/27/california-farms-produce-a-lot-of-food-but-what-and-how-much-might-surprise-you/}}</ref> and is led by its [[California dairy industry|dairy]], [[Almond cultivation in California|almonds]], and [[Grape cultivation in California|grapes]].<ref name="Jason Gibson-2012">{{Cite web |last1=Vic Tolomeo |last2=Kelly Krug |last3=Doug Flohr |last4=Jason Gibson |date=October 31, 2012 |title=California Agricultural Statistics: 2011 Crop Year |url=http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/California_Ag_Statistics/Reports/2011cas-all.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224123521/http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/California_Ag_Statistics/Reports/2011cas-all.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=July 1, 2013 |website=National Agricultural Statistics Service |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> With the busiest port in the country ([[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles]]), California plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain, hauling in about 40% of goods imported to the US.<ref name="Karlamangla">{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/18/us/port-of-los-angeles-supply-chain.html |title=The Busiest Port in the U.S. |last=Karlamangla |first=Soumya |date= November 4, 2021|website= The New York Times|access-date=August 16, 2023 |quote= But despite its glitzy image, L.A. is home to the busiest port in the Western Hemisphere. It plays a major role in the global supply chain}}</ref> Notable contributions to [[Culture of California|popular culture]], ranging from [[Media in Los Angeles|entertainment]], [[Sports in California|sports]], [[Music of California|music]], and [[fashion]], have their origins in California. California is the home of [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, profoundly influencing global entertainment. The San Francisco Bay and the Greater Los Angeles areas are seen as the centers of the global technology and [[Cinema of the United States|U.S. film]] industries, respectively.<ref name="BEA">{{Cite web |title=California Gross domestic product (GDP) (millions of current dollars) |url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=1#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7007=2014&7093=levels&7003=200&7035=-1&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=06000 |access-date=July 19, 2015 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis |archive-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806012919/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=1#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7007=2014&7093=levels&7003=200&7035=-1&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=06000 }}</ref>


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The Spaniards gave the name {{lang|es|Las Californias}} to the [[Baja California peninsula|peninsula of Baja California]] (in modern-day Mexico). As Spanish explorers and settlers moved north and inland, the region known as ''California'', or ''Las Californias'', grew. Eventually it included lands north of the peninsula, [[Alta California]], part of which became the present-day U.S. state of California.
The Spaniards gave the name {{lang|es|Las Californias}} to the [[Baja California peninsula|peninsula of Baja California]] (in modern-day Mexico). As Spanish explorers and settlers moved north and inland, the region known as ''California'', or ''Las Californias'', grew. Eventually it included lands north of the peninsula, [[Alta California]], part of which became the present-day U.S. state of California.


A 2017 state legislative document states, "Numerous theories exist as to the origin and meaning of the word 'California,{{'"}} and that all anyone knows is the name was added to a map by 1541 "presumably by a Spanish navigator."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/16/us/why-is-california-called-california.html|title=Why Is California Called California?|last=Karlamangla|first= Soumya|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 16, 2024|access-date=April 17, 2024}}</ref>
A 2017 state legislative document states, "Numerous theories exist as to the origin and meaning of the word 'California,{{'"}} and that all anyone knows is the name was added to a map by 1541 "presumably by a Spanish navigator."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/16/us/why-is-california-called-california.html|title=Why Is California Called California?|last=Karlamangla|first= Soumya|work=The New York Times|date=April 16, 2024|access-date=April 17, 2024}}</ref>


The name most likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of [[Calafia|Queen Calafia]], as recorded in a 1510 work ''[[Las sergas de Esplandián|The Adventures of Esplandián]]'' by [[Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo]].<ref name="Gudde-2010">{{Cite book |last1=Gudde |first1=Erwin G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibMwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |last2=Bright |first2=William |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-26619-3 |pages=59–60 |orig-date=2004}}</ref> Queen Calafia's kingdom was said to be a remote land rich in gold and pearls, inhabited by beautiful Black women who wore gold armor and lived like [[Amazons]], as well as [[griffin]]s and other strange beasts.<ref name="Gudde-2010" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Putnam |first=Ruth |title=California: The name |date=1917 |publisher=University of California |editor-last=Priestley |editor-first=Herbert Ingram |location=Berkeley |pages=356–361 |chapter=Appendix A: Etymology of the Word 'California': Surmises and Usage |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924008278347}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogeley |first=Nancy |date=April 20, 2001 |title=How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California |journal=Modern Language Quarterly |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1215/00267929-62-2-165 |s2cid=163100071 |issn = 0026-7929}}</ref>
The name most likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of [[Calafia|Queen Calafia]], as recorded in a 1510 work ''[[Las sergas de Esplandián|The Adventures of Esplandián]]'' by [[Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo]].<ref name="Gudde-2010">{{Cite book |last1=Gudde |first1=Erwin G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibMwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |last2=Bright |first2=William |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-26619-3 |pages=59–60 |orig-date=2004}}</ref> Queen Calafia's kingdom was said to be a remote land rich in gold and pearls, inhabited by beautiful Black women who wore gold armor and lived like [[Amazons]], as well as [[griffin]]s and other strange beasts.<ref name="Gudde-2010" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Putnam |first=Ruth |title=California: The name |date=1917 |publisher=University of California |editor-last=Priestley |editor-first=Herbert Ingram |location=Berkeley |pages=356–361 |chapter=Appendix A: Etymology of the Word 'California': Surmises and Usage |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924008278347}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogeley |first=Nancy |date=April 20, 2001 |title=How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California |journal=Modern Language Quarterly |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1215/00267929-62-2-165 |s2cid=163100071 |issn = 0026-7929}}</ref>
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[[Major League Rugby|MLR]] has one team in the state: the [[San Diego Legion]].
[[Major League Rugby|MLR]] has one team in the state: the [[San Diego Legion]].


California is the only U.S. state to have hosted both the [[Summer Olympic Games|Summer]] and [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter]] Olympics. The [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]] and [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] summer games were held in [[Los Angeles]]. Squaw Valley Ski Resort (now [[Palisades Tahoe]]) in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the [[1960 Winter Olympics]]. Los Angeles will host the [[2028 Summer Olympics]], marking the fourth time that California will have hosted the Olympic Games.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |author-link=Adam Nagourney |last2=Longman |first2=Jeré |date=July 31, 2017 |title=Los Angeles Makes Deal to Host the 2028 Summer Olympics |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/sports/olympics/los-angeles-2028-summer-olympics.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802233825/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/sports/olympics/los-angeles-2028-summer-olympics.html |archive-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> Multiple games during the [[1994 FIFA World Cup]] took place in California, with the [[Rose Bowl Stadium|Rose Bowl]] hosting eight matches (including the [[1994 FIFA World Cup Final|final]]), while [[Stanford Stadium]] hosted six matches.
California is the only U.S. state to have hosted both the [[Summer Olympic Games|Summer]] and [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter]] Olympics. The [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]] and [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] summer games were held in [[Los Angeles]]. Squaw Valley Ski Resort (now [[Palisades Tahoe]]) in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the [[1960 Winter Olympics]]. Los Angeles will host the [[2028 Summer Olympics]], marking the fourth time that California will have hosted the Olympic Games.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |author-link=Adam Nagourney |last2=Longman |first2=Jeré |date=July 31, 2017 |title=Los Angeles Makes Deal to Host the 2028 Summer Olympics |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/sports/olympics/los-angeles-2028-summer-olympics.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802233825/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/sports/olympics/los-angeles-2028-summer-olympics.html |archive-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> Multiple games during the [[1994 FIFA World Cup]] took place in California, with the [[Rose Bowl Stadium|Rose Bowl]] hosting eight matches (including the [[1994 FIFA World Cup Final|final]]), while [[Stanford Stadium]] hosted six matches.


In addition to the Olympic games, California also hosts the [[California State Games]].
In addition to the Olympic games, California also hosts the [[California State Games]].
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