Army Futures Command: Difference between revisions

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 The AFC began initial operations on 1 July 2018.<ref>US Army {{cite news |date=13 July 2018 |title=Army announces Austin as the home of new Army Futures Command |work=C-SPAN |url=https://www.army.mil/article/208477/army_announces_austin_as_the_home_of_new_army_futures_command |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717185238/https://www.army.mil/article/208477/army_announces_austin_as_the_home_of_new_army_futures_command |url-status=live }}</ref> It was created as a peer of [[United States Army Forces Command|Forces Command]] (FORSCOM), [[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command|Training and Doctrine Command]] (TRADOC), and [[United States Army Materiel Command|Army Materiel Command]] (AMC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organization {{!}} The United States Army |url=https://www.army.mil/organization/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Organization {{!}} The United States Army |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030708025938/https://www.army.mil/organization/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AR10-87" /> While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aims to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers.<ref name="MilleyReadiness2019">{{Cite web |title=The number one priority: An interview with Gen. Mark Milley |url=https://www.army.mil/article/219028/the_number_one_priority_an_interview_with_gen_mark_milley |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.army.mil |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401183412/https://www.army.mil/article/219028/the_number_one_priority_an_interview_with_gen_mark_milley |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="mdb">{{Cite web |title=Multi-Domain Battle The Advent of Twenty-First Century War |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/November-December-2017/Multi-Domain-Battle-The-Advent-of-Twenty-First-Century-War/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.armyupress.army.mil |archive-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195353/https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/November-December-2017/Multi-Domain-Battle-The-Advent-of-Twenty-First-Century-War/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1oct2019">Sébastien Roblin [https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/china-s-stealth-drones-hypersonic-missiles-surpass-threaten-u-s-ncna1064841 (11 Oct. 2019) China's stealth drones and hypersonic missiles surpass—and threaten—the U.S.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012033146/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/china-s-stealth-drones-hypersonic-missiles-surpass-threaten-u-s-ncna1064841 |date=12 October 2019 }}
-*Binkov  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KO5bc2TNaI (11 Oct 2019) New game changing weapons shown at Chinese military parade; October 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113192116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KO5bc2TNaI |date=13 January 2020 }} Binkov explains and animates Hypersonic glide trajectories for under-the-radar operation; Binkov estimates which weapons displays are mockups; Compares and contrasts Chinese, Russian, and US capabilities</ref> The AFC commander functions as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.<ref name="aal,CTO" /><ref name="afc,alt,g8" />{{rp|Section 4}}<ref name="aal,baa" group="Note" /><ref name="reformers" />
+*Binkov  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KO5bc2TNaI (11 Oct 2019) New game changing weapons shown at Chinese military parade; October 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113192116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KO5bc2TNaI |date=13 January 2020 }} Binkov explains and animates Hypersonic glide trajectories for under-the-radar operation; Binkov estimates which weapons displays are mockups; Compares and contrasts Chinese, Russian, and US capabilities</ref> The AFC commander functions as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.<ref name="aal,CTO" /><ref name="afc,alt,g8" /><ref name="aal,baa" group="Note" /><ref name="reformers" />
 It is supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command ([[75th Innovation Command]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=75th Innovation Command Page - About Us |url=https://www.usar.army.mil/Commands/Functional/75th-Innovation-CMD/About-Us/ |access-date=2021-02-12 |website=US Army Reserve |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420232632/https://www.usar.army.mil/Commands/Functional/75th-Innovation-CMD/About-Us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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 In 2018, Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy said Futures Command would have three areas of focus:<ref name="sjFjr26Mar2018">Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/03/army-outlines-futures-command-org-chart-in-flux/ (26 March 2018) Army Outlines Futures Command; Org Chart In Flux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826064120/https://breakingdefense.com/2018/03/army-outlines-futures-command-org-chart-in-flux/ |date=26 August 2018 }}</ref>
-# Futures and Concepts: assess gaps (needs versus opportunities,<ref name="reformers" /> given a threat).<ref name="sjFjr26Mar2018" /> Concepts for realizable future systems (with readily harvestable content)<ref name="holland">Lt. Col. Thomas "Bull" Holland, PhD, U.S. Army [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/Online-Exclusive/2019-OLE/Jan/Army-Futures/ (15 January 2019) Proposed Army Futures Command Process Tenets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403221017/https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/Online-Exclusive/2019-OLE/Jan/Army-Futures/ |date=3 April 2019 }}
-# 'Scientific research is a fundamentally different activity than technology development';
-# Incorporate 'scientific research into "Appendix C: Functional Concepts" and specify pathways for technology development';
-# Buy into the 'fail fast' mentality;
-# '6.3-funded projects to produce knowledge (technical data) that can be consumed by '''requirements developers''' as opposed to PMs';
-# Use 'evidence-based requirements process' (early hypothesis testing) with citations for evidence:
-#* All projects will be executed in no less than two increments.
-#* No new requirements once an increment is started.
-# Summary: 'advances on the battlefield requires comprehensive, coordinated changes in the entire acquisition system';</ref><ref name="RandApB">The RAND Corporation [https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf (2000) ''Discovery and Innovation: Federal Research and Development in the Fifty States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico'' RAND MR1194 Appendix B: Government-Wide and DOD Definitions of R&D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306041646/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1194/MR1194.appb.pdf|date=6 March 2021}} See Appendix B p.615 for DOD Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2B, Chapter 5)</ref>{{rp|for definitions of terms, such as '6.3'}} will flow into TRADOC doctrine, manuals, and training programs.{{efn|name=g357 }}
 # Combat Development: stabilized concepts.<ref name="holland" /><ref name="RandApB" /> Balance the current state of technology and the cash-flow requirements of the defense contractors providing the technology, that they become deliverable experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes, in an iterative process of [[United States Army Acquisition Corps|acquisition]].<ref name="6Dec2017">Neil Hollenbeck and Benjamin Jensen [https://warontherocks.com/2017/12/army-needs-futures-command/ (6 December 2017) Why the Army needs a Futures Command] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214737/https://warontherocks.com/2017/12/army-needs-futures-command/ |date=5 September 2018 }} Enable a culture of experimentation, and develop concepts and technology together.</ref>{{efn| name= 24of35InFy2023}}{{efn|name= waypointsToMDO}} (''See [[#Value stream|Value stream]]'')
 # Combat Systems: experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes.<ref name="MDA" /> Transition to the acquisition, production, and sustainment programs of AMC.<ref name="asaWSH2018">[[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf Weapon Systems Handbook 2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019121934/https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |date=19 October 2018 }} [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207060407/https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf |date=7 February 2024 }}</ref>{{efn|name= asaWsh2018ToC| [[ASA(ALT)]] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf (2018)] Weapon Systems Handbook [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update] Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages.
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 In 2022, Army leaders projected that 24 of the top-35 priority modernization programs would be deployed by fiscal 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Judson |first=Jen |date=2022-09-06 |title=Futures Command faces identity crisis as Army shifts mission |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/09/06/futures-command-faces-identity-crisis-as-army-shifts-mission/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Defense News |language=en |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207060921/https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/09/06/futures-command-faces-identity-crisis-as-army-shifts-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Army Secretary [[Christine Wormuth]] announced the top six areas for the Army of 2030:<ref name="topSixIn2030">Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/09/wormuth-here-are-the-6-areas-the-army-must-be-prepared-for-in-2030/ (15 Sep 2022) Wormuth: Here are the 6 areas the Army must be prepared for in 2030] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915145257/https://breakingdefense.com/2022/09/wormuth-here-are-the-6-areas-the-army-must-be-prepared-for-in-2030/ |date=15 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="6AreasArmy2030">[[Christine Wormuth]], 25th Secretary of the Army [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6N6rRAKl3o (10 Oct 2022) AUSA 2022 Opening Ceremony] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509123353/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6N6rRAKl3o |date=9 May 2023 }}  hour 0:37:50 to 1:05:41</ref>{{rp|minute 43:30}} 1) improved intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; 2) "Coordination at greater speed";{{efn|name= leoLRPFKillChain}} 3) "Win the Fires fight"; 4) concealment<ref name="milleyOnUkr">Patrick Tucker [https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2022/09/ukraine-war-offers-clues-future-war-joint-chiefs-chairman-says/377150/ (14 Sep 2022) Ukraine War Offers Clues to Future War, Joint Chiefs Chairman Says] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917010525/https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2022/09/ukraine-war-offers-clues-future-war-joint-chiefs-chairman-says/377150/ |date=17 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="economist">The Economist [https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/11/30/what-is-the-war-in-ukraine-teaching-western-armies? (30 Nov 2022) What is the war in Ukraine teaching Western armies?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007082311/https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/11/30/what-is-the-war-in-ukraine-teaching-western-armies |date=7 October 2023 }} "It shows the importance of dispersal, firepower and stockpiles"</ref> via improved mobility and reduced signature; 5) "talk often and quickly";<ref name="goldfeinRaymond" />{{efn|name=hyten2020}} and 6) logistics.<ref name="topSixIn2030" /><ref name="3lrpf2030">Joe Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/261388/army_of_2030_collaboration_key_to_army_modernization (24 Oct 2022) Army of 2030: Collaboration key to Army modernization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026061947/https://www.army.mil/article/261388/army_of_2030_collaboration_key_to_army_modernization |date=26 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="csaPaper1" /><ref name="csa2" />
+Army Secretary Christine Wormuth announced the top six areas for the Army of 2030:<ref name="topSixIn2030">Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/09/wormuth-here-are-the-6-areas-the-army-must-be-prepared-for-in-2030/ (15 Sep 2022) Wormuth: Here are the 6 areas the Army must be prepared for in 2030] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915145257/https://breakingdefense.com/2022/09/wormuth-here-are-the-6-areas-the-army-must-be-prepared-for-in-2030/ |date=15 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="6AreasArmy2030">[[Christine Wormuth]], 25th Secretary of the Army [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6N6rRAKl3o (10 Oct 2022) AUSA 2022 Opening Ceremony] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509123353/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6N6rRAKl3o |date=9 May 2023 }}  hour 0:37:50 to 1:05:41</ref>{{rp|minute 43:30}} 1) improved intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; 2) "Coordination at greater speed";{{efn|name= leoLRPFKillChain}} 3) "Win the Fires fight"; 4) concealment<ref name="milleyOnUkr">Patrick Tucker [https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2022/09/ukraine-war-offers-clues-future-war-joint-chiefs-chairman-says/377150/ (14 Sep 2022) Ukraine War Offers Clues to Future War, Joint Chiefs Chairman Says] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917010525/https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2022/09/ukraine-war-offers-clues-future-war-joint-chiefs-chairman-says/377150/ |date=17 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="economist">The Economist [https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/11/30/what-is-the-war-in-ukraine-teaching-western-armies? (30 Nov 2022) What is the war in Ukraine teaching Western armies?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007082311/https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/11/30/what-is-the-war-in-ukraine-teaching-western-armies |date=7 October 2023 }} "It shows the importance of dispersal, firepower and stockpiles"</ref> via improved mobility and reduced signature; 5) "talk often and quickly";<ref name="goldfeinRaymond" />{{efn|name=hyten2020}} and 6) logistics.<ref name="topSixIn2030" /><ref name="3lrpf2030">Joe Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/261388/army_of_2030_collaboration_key_to_army_modernization (24 Oct 2022) Army of 2030: Collaboration key to Army modernization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026061947/https://www.army.mil/article/261388/army_of_2030_collaboration_key_to_army_modernization |date=26 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="csaPaper1" /><ref name="csa2" />
 <ref name="combArms">US Army Public Affairs [https://www.dvidshub.net/video/860148/ausa-contemporary-military-forum-army-2030-preparing-today-tomorrows-fight (10 Oct  2022) AUSA Contemporary Military Forum: Army 2030 - Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Fight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011075756/https://www.dvidshub.net/video/860148/ausa-contemporary-military-forum-army-2030-preparing-today-tomorrows-fight |date=11 October 2022 }} Gen. McConville, Gen.(Ret) Perkins, DepUnderSec Diaz, Gen. Rainey, LTG Beagle, Prof. Greer (SAMS)</ref><ref name="ukrExample">Caitlin Kenny [https://www.defenseone.com/policy/2022/10/divisions-corps-replace-brigades-armys-wartime-formation-choice/378234/ (10 Oct 2022)  Divisions, Corps to Replace Brigades As Army's Wartime Formation Of Choice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528160753/https://www.defenseone.com/policy/2022/10/divisions-corps-replace-brigades-armys-wartime-formation-choice/378234/ |date=28 May 2023 }} "Brigades that operated largely independently in Iraq and Afghanistan will fight as part of larger units in future conflicts, officials said".</ref>
 <!--UAS, Combined Arms, MDO, CFTs, Large formations, Sustainment over time --><ref name="afcAmcContestdLogist">Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/03/29/us-army-has-a-gigantic-problem-with-logistics-in-the-indo-pacific/ (29 Mar 2023) US Army has a 'gigantic problem' with logistics in the Indo-Pacific] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207060922/https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/03/29/us-army-has-a-gigantic-problem-with-logistics-in-the-indo-pacific/ |date=7 February 2024 }} AMC is lead, AFC sets requirements</ref>