International Atomic Energy Agency: Difference between revisions

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 In 1946 [[United Nations Atomic Energy Commission]] was founded, but stopped working in 1949 and was disbanded in 1952. In 1953, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power (nuclear power), in his [[Atoms for Peace]] address to the UN General Assembly.<ref name=Fischer>{{cite book |url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf |title=History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years |first=David |last=Fischer |year=1997 |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency |isbn=978-92-0-102397-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030916084755/http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Science and Diplomacy.">{{cite journal |url=http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2015/international-atomic-energy-agency |journal=Science and Diplomacy|date=22 June 2015 |title=The International Atomic Energy Agency: Linking Nuclear Science and Diplomacy |first=John |last=Brittain}}</ref> In September 1954, the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of [[fissile material]], which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons. This agency would establish a kind of "nuclear bank".
-The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power.<ref>{{cite web|title=60th Anniversary of the International Atomic Energy Agency|editor=William Burr|publisher=[[National Security Archive]]|url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2017-10-26/60th-anniversary-international-atomic-energy-agency-iaea|access-date=2 August 2018|date=26 October 2017}}</ref> By November 1954, it had become clear that the [[Soviet Union]] would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to disarmament first, but that a ''clearinghouse'' for nuclear transactions might be possible. From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. In October 1957, a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955–1957 by a group of twelve countries.<ref name=Fischer /> The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Statute of the IAEA|date=8 June 2016 |publisher=IAEA |url=http://www.iaea.org/about/about-statute}}</ref><ref name=IAEA_Statute>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/statute.html |title=Statute of the IAEA |publisher=IAEA |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>
+The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power.<ref>{{cite web|title=60th Anniversary of the International Atomic Energy Agency|editor=William Burr|publisher=[[National Security Archive]]|url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2017-10-26/60th-anniversary-international-atomic-energy-agency-iaea|access-date=2 August 2018|date=26 October 2017}}</ref> By November 1954, it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to disarmament first, but that a ''clearinghouse'' for nuclear transactions might be possible. From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. In October 1957, a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955–1957 by a group of twelve countries.<ref name=Fischer /> The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Statute of the IAEA|date=8 June 2016 |publisher=IAEA |url=http://www.iaea.org/about/about-statute}}</ref><ref name=IAEA_Statute>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/statute.html |title=Statute of the IAEA |publisher=IAEA |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>
 Former US Congressman [[W. Sterling Cole]] served as the IAEA's first Director-General from 1957 to 1961. Cole served only one term, after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades: the scientist [[Sigvard Eklund]] held the job from 1961 to 1981, followed by former [[Sweden|Swedish]] Foreign Minister [[Hans Blix]], who served from 1981 to 1997. Blix was succeeded as Director General by [[Mohamed ElBaradei]] of [[Egypt]], who served until November 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the IAEA: Former DG's |url=http://www.iaea.org/About/dg/former_dgs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211203223/https://www.iaea.org/About/dg/former_dgs.html |archive-date=2009-12-11 |publisher=IAEA}}</ref>

International Atomic Energy Agency: Difference between revisions

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