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Army: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Thure de Thulstrup - L. Prang and Co. - Battle of Gettysburg - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Battle of Gettysburg]], the turning point of the American Civil War]] | [[File:Thure de Thulstrup - L. Prang and Co. - Battle of Gettysburg - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Battle of Gettysburg]], the turning point of the American Civil War]] | ||
The | The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most [[slave state]]s, located in the southern U.S., formed the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]], the [[Confederate States Army]], led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the [[Union Army]], consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except [[South Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tinkler|first1=Robert|title=Southern Unionists in the Civil War|url=http://www.csuchico.edu/inside/current-issue/bigpicture-1.shtml|work=csuchico.edu/|access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> | ||
For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states.<ref>McPherson, James M., ed. ''The Atlas of the Civil War'', (Philadelphia, PA, 2010)</ref> The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the [[Vicksburg Campaign]] of 1862–1863, General [[Ulysses Grant]] seized the [[Mississippi River]] and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General [[Robert E. Lee]] under siege in Richmond as General [[William T. Sherman]] captured Atlanta and [[Sherman's March to the Sea|marched through Georgia]] and [[the Carolinas]]. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months. | For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states.<ref>McPherson, James M., ed. ''The Atlas of the Civil War'', (Philadelphia, PA, 2010)</ref> The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the [[Vicksburg Campaign]] of 1862–1863, General [[Ulysses Grant]] seized the [[Mississippi River]] and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General [[Robert E. Lee]] under siege in Richmond as General [[William T. Sherman]] captured Atlanta and [[Sherman's March to the Sea|marched through Georgia]] and [[the Carolinas]]. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months. | ||