CargoAdmin, Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), fileuploaders, Interface administrators, newuser, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators
5,233
edits
Smithsonian Institution: Difference between revisions
m
Text replacement - "Theodore Roosevelt" to "Theodore Roosevelt"
m (Text replacement - "New York City" to "New York City") |
m (Text replacement - "Theodore Roosevelt" to "Theodore Roosevelt") |
||
| Line 219: | Line 219: | ||
Smithsonian collections include 156 million artworks, artifacts, and specimens. The [[National Museum of Natural History]] houses 145 million of these specimens and artifacts, which are mostly animals preserved in formaldehyde. The Collections Search Center has 9.9 million digital records available online. The Smithsonian Institution Libraries hold 2 million library volumes. Smithsonian Archives hold {{convert|156830|cuft}} of archival material.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.si.edu/Collections|title=Smithsonian Collections |work=Smithsonian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204031426/http://si.edu/Collections|archive-date=December 4, 2015 |access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.si.edu/search/about.htm|title=Smithsonian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614050316/http://collections.si.edu/search/about.htm|archive-date=June 14, 2017 |access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref> | Smithsonian collections include 156 million artworks, artifacts, and specimens. The [[National Museum of Natural History]] houses 145 million of these specimens and artifacts, which are mostly animals preserved in formaldehyde. The Collections Search Center has 9.9 million digital records available online. The Smithsonian Institution Libraries hold 2 million library volumes. Smithsonian Archives hold {{convert|156830|cuft}} of archival material.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.si.edu/Collections|title=Smithsonian Collections |work=Smithsonian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204031426/http://si.edu/Collections|archive-date=December 4, 2015 |access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.si.edu/search/about.htm|title=Smithsonian|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614050316/http://collections.si.edu/search/about.htm|archive-date=June 14, 2017 |access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref> | ||
The Smithsonian Institution has many categories of displays that can be visited at the museums. In 1912, First Lady [[Helen Herron Taft]] donated her inauguration gown to the museum to begin the [[Ball_gown#First_Ladies_Collection|First Ladies' Gown]] display at the [[National Museum of American History]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/tradition-of-the-gowns|title=The First Ladies at the Smithsonian: The Tradition of the Gowns (page 1 of 3)|work=The National Museum of American History|date=April 4, 2012|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=March 8, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308221145/http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/tradition-of-the-gowns |archive-date=March 8, 2017}}</ref> one of the Smithsonian's most popular exhibits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/introduction|title=The First Ladies at the Smithsonian: The First Ladies: Introduction |work=The National Museum of American History|date=April 4, 2012 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=March 8, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301223434/http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/introduction |archive-date=March 1, 2017}}</ref> The museum displays treasures such as the [[Star-Spangled Banner (flag)|Star-Spangled Banner]], the stove pipe hat that was worn by President Abraham Lincoln, the ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard Of Oz]]'', and the original Teddy Bear that was named after President | The Smithsonian Institution has many categories of displays that can be visited at the museums. In 1912, First Lady [[Helen Herron Taft]] donated her inauguration gown to the museum to begin the [[Ball_gown#First_Ladies_Collection|First Ladies' Gown]] display at the [[National Museum of American History]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/tradition-of-the-gowns|title=The First Ladies at the Smithsonian: The Tradition of the Gowns (page 1 of 3)|work=The National Museum of American History|date=April 4, 2012|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=March 8, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308221145/http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/tradition-of-the-gowns |archive-date=March 8, 2017}}</ref> one of the Smithsonian's most popular exhibits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/introduction|title=The First Ladies at the Smithsonian: The First Ladies: Introduction |work=The National Museum of American History|date=April 4, 2012 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=March 8, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301223434/http://americanhistory.si.edu/first-ladies/introduction |archive-date=March 1, 2017}}</ref> The museum displays treasures such as the [[Star-Spangled Banner (flag)|Star-Spangled Banner]], the stove pipe hat that was worn by President Abraham Lincoln, the ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard Of Oz]]'', and the original Teddy Bear that was named after President Theodore Roosevelt.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html|title=The History of the Teddy Bear|first=Marianne|last=Clay|year=2002|magazine=Teddy Bear & Friends|publisher=Madavor Media, LLC|access-date=December 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723184018/http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html |archive-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> In 2016, the Smithsonian's Air & Space museum curators restored the large model ''Enterprise'' from the original ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' TV series.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483281249/smithsonian-sets-phasers-to-restore-on-original-starship-enterprise |title=Smithsonian Sets Phasers To Restore On Original Starship Enterprise|date=June 28, 2016|work=Morning Edition|publisher=NPR: National Public Radio|access-date=July 1, 2016|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701072340/http://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483281249/smithsonian-sets-phasers-to-restore-on-original-starship-enterprise|archive-date=July 1, 2016}}</ref> | ||
Following international debates about the [[decolonisation of museums]] and the legal and moral justifications of their acquisitions, the Smithsonian adopted a new "ethical returns policy" on April 29, 2022. This will permit the [[Deaccessioning|deaccession]] and restitution of items collected under circumstances considered unethical by contemporary standards and thus places moral over legal arguments. A month before, the Smithsonian's [[National Museum of African Art]] had announced the planned return of most of its 39 [[Benin Bronzes]] to [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=May 18, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> as well as of other cultural items to [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ludel |first=Wallace |date=May 4, 2022 |title=Smithsonian adopts new 'ethical returns policy' to handle artefacts with problematic histories |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/05/04/smithsonian-new-ethical-returns-policy |access-date=May 18, 2022 |website=The Art Newspaper - International art news and events}}</ref> | Following international debates about the [[decolonisation of museums]] and the legal and moral justifications of their acquisitions, the Smithsonian adopted a new "ethical returns policy" on April 29, 2022. This will permit the [[Deaccessioning|deaccession]] and restitution of items collected under circumstances considered unethical by contemporary standards and thus places moral over legal arguments. A month before, the Smithsonian's [[National Museum of African Art]] had announced the planned return of most of its 39 [[Benin Bronzes]] to [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=May 18, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> as well as of other cultural items to [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ludel |first=Wallace |date=May 4, 2022 |title=Smithsonian adopts new 'ethical returns policy' to handle artefacts with problematic histories |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/05/04/smithsonian-new-ethical-returns-policy |access-date=May 18, 2022 |website=The Art Newspaper - International art news and events}}</ref> | ||