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Minerals Sustainability (2020 DOE Transition): Difference between revisions
Minerals Sustainability (2020 DOE Transition) (view source)
Revision as of 00:29, 21 December 2024
, 21 December 2024Extracted from files at Transition book#Department of Energy
(Extracted from files at Transition book#Department of Energy) |
(Extracted from files at Transition book#Department of Energy) |
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===Enabling a 21st Century Energy Transition=== | ===Enabling a 21st Century Energy Transition=== | ||
* Expanded market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy, power electronics, grid technologies, and conventional generation will create an exponential growth in U.S. demand for minerals. | |||
* A 21st-century energy transition is estimated to require 3 billion tons of CM and metals requiring hundreds of billions of tons of raw materials extraction and processing activities. | |||
* It will be necessary to deploy advanced energy technology for electricity generation (renewables, power electronics, grid technologies, and conventional generation) and to support the transportation sectors. | |||
===Recycling and Reuse Insufficient (World Bank Report 2020, Bloomberg)=== | ===Recycling and Reuse Insufficient (World Bank Report 2020, Bloomberg)=== | ||
* Example – Without new sources, EV batteries demand for CM will outpace supply, causing regional supply shortages and escalation in price. | |||
* Example of Scale: | |||
** -1 million EVs in the United States vs. 18 million in the United States by 2030 (Bloomberg). | |||
** -5 million EVs globally in 2019 vs . 120 million expected in 2030 (McKinsey). | |||
** -By 2022 lithium prices projected to soar 42% as the market bottoms out (Bloomberg). | |||
===Unchecked Foreign Sourcing Contributes to Human and Environmental Abuses=== | ===Unchecked Foreign Sourcing Contributes to Human and Environmental Abuses=== | ||
* The United States is dependent on CM and metals from other countries, many with human rights violations and inadequate environmental standards. | |||
* Example – Cobalt sourced primarily from Congo through contracts with China. | |||
The United States is the only industrial country in the developed world without an applied Research & Development (R&D) program for sustainable minerals and ore discovery, extraction, and processing. Creating an Office of Minerals Sustainability and continuing program expansion would rectify this deficiency and address the national need. | The United States is the only industrial country in the developed world without an applied Research & Development (R&D) program for sustainable minerals and ore discovery, extraction, and processing. Creating an Office of Minerals Sustainability and continuing program expansion would rectify this deficiency and address the national need. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Transition papers]] | [[Category:Transition papers]] | ||