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Transportation Command: Difference between revisions
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OpenBook moved page United States Transportation Command to Transportation Command
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{{Organization | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName= | |OrganizationName=Transportation Command | ||
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization) | |OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization) | ||
|Mission=To provide air, land, and sea transportation for the Department of Defense, both in peace and war, to meet national security needs and support global military operations. | |Mission=To provide air, land, and sea transportation for the Department of Defense, both in peace and war, to meet national security needs and support global military operations. | ||
|ParentOrganization=Department of Defense | |ParentOrganization=Department of Defense | ||
|TopOrganization=Department of Defense | |||
|CreationLegislation=National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 | |CreationLegislation=National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 | ||
|Employees=140000 | |Employees=140000 | ||
| Line 45: | Line 46: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:C-54landingattemplehof.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Berliners watch a [[Douglas C-54 Skymaster]] land at [[Tempelhof Airport]], during the [[Berlin Airlift]] in 1948.]] | [[File:C-54landingattemplehof.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Berliners watch a [[Douglas C-54 Skymaster]] land at [[Tempelhof Airport]], during the [[Berlin Airlift]] in 1948.]] | ||
[[World War II]], the [[Berlin Blockade|Berlin blockade]], the | [[World War II]], the [[Berlin Blockade|Berlin blockade]], the Korean War, and the Vietnam War all demonstrated that the United States needed to maintain a capable and ready transportation system for national security. In 1978, however, [[military exercise]] "Nifty Nugget" exposed great gaps in the understanding between military and civilian participants: mobilization and deployment plans fell apart, and as a result, the United States and its [[NATO]] allies "lost the war". Two major recommendations came out of Nifty Nugget.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pearson |first1=David E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIBRdaeLeXMC |title=The World Wide Military Command and Control System evolution and effectiveness |year=2000 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-1428990869 |access-date=3 February 2016 }}</ref> First, the Transportation Operating Agencies (later called the Transportation Component Commands) needed to have a direct reporting chain to the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (JCS). Second, the JCS should establish a single manager for deployment and execution. As a result, the JCS formed the Joint Deployment Agency (JDA) at [[MacDill Air Force Base]] in Florida in 1979. | ||
Despite its many successes, the JDA could not handle the job. Although the JDA had responsibility for integrating deployment procedures, it did not have authority to direct the Transportation Operating Agencies or Unified and Specified Commanders in Chief to take corrective actions, keep databases current, or adhere to milestones. According to several independent studies on transportation, the Department of Defense (DOD) needed to consolidate transportation. Consequently, President [[Ronald Reagan]] on 18 April 1987 ordered the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] to establish a Unified Transportation Command (UTC), a directive made possible in part by the [[Goldwater-Nichols Act|Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986]], which revoked the law prohibiting consolidation of military transportation functions. | Despite its many successes, the JDA could not handle the job. Although the JDA had responsibility for integrating deployment procedures, it did not have authority to direct the Transportation Operating Agencies or Unified and Specified Commanders in Chief to take corrective actions, keep databases current, or adhere to milestones. According to several independent studies on transportation, the Department of Defense (DOD) needed to consolidate transportation. Consequently, President [[Ronald Reagan]] on 18 April 1987 ordered the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] to establish a Unified Transportation Command (UTC), a directive made possible in part by the [[Goldwater-Nichols Act|Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986]], which revoked the law prohibiting consolidation of military transportation functions. | ||