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{{Organization
{{Organization
|OrganizationName=U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
|OrganizationName=Customs and Border Protection
|OrganizationType=Executive Department
|OrganizationType=Executive Department
|Mission=U.S. Customs and Border Protection is tasked with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.S., while facilitating lawful international travel and trade. It aims to secure America's borders to protect the American people and economy.
|Mission=U.S. Customs and Border Protection is tasked with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.S., while facilitating lawful international travel and trade. It aims to secure America's borders to protect the American people and economy.
|ParentOrganization=Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
|ParentOrganization=Department of Homeland Security
|TopOrganization=Department of Homeland Security
|CreationLegislation=Homeland Security Act of 2002
|CreationLegislation=Homeland Security Act of 2002
|Employees=60000
|Employees=60000
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| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2003|03|01|2005|11|25}}
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2003|03|01|2005|11|25}}
| alt_party = Republican Party (United States)
| alt_party = Republican Party (United States)
| alt_officeholder = [[George W. Bush]]
| alt_officeholder = George W. Bush
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
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| acting = y
| acting = y
| alt_party = ?
| alt_party = ?
| alt_officeholder = [[George W. Bush]]
| alt_officeholder = George W. Bush
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
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| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2006|06|06|2009|02|27}}
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2006|06|06|2009|02|27}}
| alt_party = ?
| alt_party = ?
| alt_officeholder = [[George W. Bush]]
| alt_officeholder = George W. Bush
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_sort = Bush, George
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
| alt_officeholder_party = Republican Party (United States)
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{{Main|United States Customs Service}}
{{Main|United States Customs Service}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:US Customs.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Customs Inspectors, late 19th century]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:US Customs.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Customs Inspectors, late 19th century]] -->
Responding to an urgent need for revenue following the [[American Revolutionary War]], the First [[United States Congress]] passed, and President [[George Washington]] signed on July 4, the [[Tariff of 1789]], which authorized the collection of [[duty (economics)|duties]] on [[imports]]. Four weeks later, on July 31, the fifth [[List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901|act of Congress]] established the [[United States Customs Service]] and its [[Port of entry|ports of entry]].
Responding to an urgent need for revenue following the American Revolutionary War, the First [[United States Congress]] passed, and President [[George Washington]] signed on July 4, the [[Tariff of 1789]], which authorized the collection of [[duty (economics)|duties]] on [[imports]]. Four weeks later, on July 31, the fifth [[List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901|act of Congress]] established the [[United States Customs Service]] and its [[Port of entry|ports of entry]].


For nearly 125 years, the U.S. Customs Service was the primary source of governmental funds, which paid for the nation's early growth and infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/about/history|title=CBP Through the Years – U.S. Customs and Border Protection|website=Cbp.gov|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Purchases include the [[Louisiana]] and [[Oregon]] territories; [[Florida]], Alaska, and [[Washington, D.C.]]; funding the [[National Road]] and the [[Transcontinental railroad|Transcontinental Railroad]]; building many of the United States' [[lighthouse]]s; and military academies.
For nearly 125 years, the U.S. Customs Service was the primary source of governmental funds, which paid for the nation's early growth and infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/about/history|title=CBP Through the Years – U.S. Customs and Border Protection|website=Cbp.gov|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Purchases include the [[Louisiana]] and [[Oregon]] territories; [[Florida]], Alaska, and [[Washington, D.C.]]; funding the [[National Road]] and the [[Transcontinental railroad|Transcontinental Railroad]]; building many of the United States' [[lighthouse]]s; and military academies.
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In the early 20th century, [[United States Congress|Congress]]'s primary interest in immigration was protecting American workers and wages – the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue; hence, in 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created [[Department of Commerce and Labor]].<ref>''[http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service – Populating a Nation: A History of Immigration and Naturalization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220233531/http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history |date=2014-12-20 }}'', cbp.gov, Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref>
In the early 20th century, [[United States Congress|Congress]]'s primary interest in immigration was protecting American workers and wages – the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue; hence, in 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created [[Department of Commerce and Labor]].<ref>''[http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service – Populating a Nation: A History of Immigration and Naturalization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220233531/http://www.cbp.gov/about/history/legacy/immigration-history |date=2014-12-20 }}'', cbp.gov, Retrieved December 20, 2014.</ref>


After [[World War I]], Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, still mainly coming from Europe, by passing laws in [[Emergency Quota Act|1921]] and [[Immigration Act of 1924|1924]] limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous [[U.S. census]] figures. Each year, the [[U.S. State Department]] issued a limited number of [[visa (document)|visas]]; only those immigrants who had obtained them and could present valid visas were permitted entry.
After World War I, Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, still mainly coming from Europe, by passing laws in [[Emergency Quota Act|1921]] and [[Immigration Act of 1924|1924]] limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous [[U.S. census]] figures. Each year, the [[U.S. State Department]] issued a limited number of [[visa (document)|visas]]; only those immigrants who had obtained them and could present valid visas were permitted entry.


The [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]] was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] moved the Immigration and Naturalization Service from the [[United States Department of Labor|Department of Labor]] to the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] in 1940.
The [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]] was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] moved the Immigration and Naturalization Service from the [[United States Department of Labor|Department of Labor]] to the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] in 1940.
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CBP became an official agency of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] on March 1, 2003, combining employees from the [[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]] (specifically the Plant Protection Quarantine inspectors),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf|title=Safeguarding Implementation – Nearing the Finish|date=September 2003|work=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]]|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307020221/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Immigration and Naturalization Service|United States Immigration and Naturalization Service]] (specifically, immigration inspectors and the [[United States Border Patrol]]), and the [[United States Customs Service]].  This transformation was led by former commissioner [[Robert C. Bonner]].
CBP became an official agency of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] on March 1, 2003, combining employees from the [[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]] (specifically the Plant Protection Quarantine inspectors),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf|title=Safeguarding Implementation – Nearing the Finish|date=September 2003|work=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]]|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307020221/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/safeguarding/downloads/implementation_reports/year3report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Immigration and Naturalization Service|United States Immigration and Naturalization Service]] (specifically, immigration inspectors and the [[United States Border Patrol]]), and the [[United States Customs Service]].  This transformation was led by former commissioner [[Robert C. Bonner]].


[[W. Ralph Basham]] was nominated to the post of commissioner by President [[George W. Bush]] on June 6, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/wbasham-bio.html|title=W. Ralph Basham|website=Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref> Basham had 28 years of experience as a law enforcement manager, including serving as the head of the [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] and the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Center]]. He had also served as the chief of staff for the [[Transportation Security Administration]]. It is the largest federal law enforcement agency and works closely with [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE), [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA), and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).
[[W. Ralph Basham]] was nominated to the post of commissioner by President George W. Bush on June 6, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/wbasham-bio.html|title=W. Ralph Basham|website=Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref> Basham had 28 years of experience as a law enforcement manager, including serving as the head of the [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] and the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Center]]. He had also served as the chief of staff for the [[Transportation Security Administration]]. It is the largest federal law enforcement agency and works closely with [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE), [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA), and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).


In 2007, the [[U.S. Border Patrol]] joined two units, the [[Border Patrol Tactical Unit]] (BORTAC) and the [[Border Patrol, Search, Trauma and Rescue|Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue Unit]] (BORSTAR), to form the U.S. Border Patrol's Special Operations Group (SOG),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318214228/http://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Special Operations Group PDF|archive-date=March 18, 2016}}</ref> headquartered in El Paso, Texas. BORTAC and BORSTAR direct their nationally dispersed assets from the SOG, providing the U.S. Border Patrol with immediate tactical and emergency response assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/operations/special-operations|title=Special Operations – U.S. Customs and Border Protection|website=Cbp.gov|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
In 2007, the [[U.S. Border Patrol]] joined two units, the [[Border Patrol Tactical Unit]] (BORTAC) and the [[Border Patrol, Search, Trauma and Rescue|Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue Unit]] (BORSTAR), to form the U.S. Border Patrol's Special Operations Group (SOG),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318214228/http://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Border%20Patrol%20Special%20Operations%20Group.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Special Operations Group PDF|archive-date=March 18, 2016}}</ref> headquartered in El Paso, Texas. BORTAC and BORSTAR direct their nationally dispersed assets from the SOG, providing the U.S. Border Patrol with immediate tactical and emergency response assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/operations/special-operations|title=Special Operations – U.S. Customs and Border Protection|website=Cbp.gov|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
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