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{{short description|Federal tribunal for appeal of lower military courts}}
{{Organization
{{Organization  
|OrganizationName=Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
|OrganizationName=United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (USCAAF)
|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies
|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies
|Mission=The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces exercises appellate jurisdiction over members of the armed forces on active duty and other persons subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The court reviews court-martial cases to ensure justice and the proper application of law in military legal proceedings.
|Mission=United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces reviews court-martial cases, ensuring justice and proper law application for military personnel.
|OrganizationExecutive=Chief Judge
|CreationLegislation=Uniform Code of Military Justice (Article 67(a))
|Employees=60
|Employees=60
|Budget=$15 million (fiscal year 2023)
|Budget=$15 million (fiscal year 2023)
|Website=https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov
|OrganizationExecutive=Chief Judge
|Services=Appellate review of court-martial convictions; Establishment of judicial precedents for military law
|Services=Appellate review of court-martial convictions; Establishment of judicial precedents for military law
|ParentOrganization=
|CreationLegislation=Uniform Code of Military Justice (Article 67(a))
|Regulations=Uniform Code of Military Justice
|Regulations=Uniform Code of Military Justice
|HeadquartersLocation=38.894229, -77.011781
|HeadquartersLocation=38.89605, -77.01757
|HeadquartersAddress=450 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20442
|HeadquartersAddress=450 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20442
|Website=https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov
}}
}}
{{short description|Federal tribunal for appeal of lower military courts}}
The '''United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces''' (in [[case citation]]s, '''C.A.A.F.''' or '''USCAAF''') is an [[Article I tribunals|Article I court]] that exercises worldwide [[appellate jurisdiction]] over members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] on [[active duty]] and other persons subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]]. The court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the [[president of the United States]] with the [[Advice_and_consent#United_States|advice and consent]] of the [[United States Senate]]. The court reviews decisions from the intermediate [[appellate court]]s of the services: the [[Army Court of Criminal Appeals]], the [[Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals]], the [[Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals]], and the [[Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals]].
The '''United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces''' (in [[case citation]]s, '''C.A.A.F.''' or '''USCAAF''') is an [[Article I tribunals|Article I court]] that exercises worldwide [[appellate jurisdiction]] over members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] on [[active duty]] and other persons subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]]. The court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the [[president of the United States]] with the [[Advice_and_consent#United_States|advice and consent]] of the [[United States Senate]]. The court reviews decisions from the intermediate [[appellate court]]s of the services: the [[Army Court of Criminal Appeals]], the [[Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals]], the [[Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals]], and the [[Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals]].


== History ==
== History ==
[[Court martial|Courts-martial]] are judicial proceedings conducted by the armed forces. The [[Continental Congress]] first authorized the use of courts-martial in 1775. From the time of the [[American Revolutionary War]] through the middle of the twentieth century, courts-martial were governed by the [[Articles of War]] and the Articles for the Government of the Navy.  Congress's authority "To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces" is contained in the [[United States Constitution]] at Article I, Section 8.
[[Court martial|Courts-martial]] are judicial proceedings conducted by the armed forces. The [[Continental Congress]] first authorized the use of courts-martial in 1775. From the time of the American Revolutionary War through the middle of the twentieth century, courts-martial were governed by the [[Articles of War]] and the Articles for the Government of the Navy.  Congress's authority "To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces" is contained in the [[United States Constitution]] at Article I, Section 8.


Until 1920, court-martial convictions were reviewed either by a commander in the field or by the president, depending on the severity of the sentence or the rank of the accused. The absence of formal review received critical attention during [[World War I]], and the Army created an internal legal review process for a limited number of cases. Following the war, in the Act of June 4, 1920, Congress required the Army to establish boards of review, consisting of three lawyers, to consider cases involving death, dismissal of an officer, an unsuspended dishonorable discharge, or confinement in a penitentiary, with limited exceptions. The legislation further required legal review of other cases in the [[Judge Advocate General's Corps|Office of the Judge Advocate General]].
Until 1920, court-martial convictions were reviewed either by a commander in the field or by the president, depending on the severity of the sentence or the rank of the accused. The absence of formal review received critical attention during World War I, and the Army created an internal legal review process for a limited number of cases. Following the war, in the Act of June 4, 1920, Congress required the Army to establish boards of review, consisting of three lawyers, to consider cases involving death, dismissal of an officer, an unsuspended dishonorable discharge, or confinement in a penitentiary, with limited exceptions. The legislation further required legal review of other cases in the [[Judge Advocate General's Corps|Office of the Judge Advocate General]].


The military justice system under the Articles of War and Articles for the Government of the Navy received significant attention during [[World War II]] and its immediate aftermath.  During the war, in which over 16 million persons served in the American armed forces, the military services held over 1.7 million courts-martial. Many of these proceedings were conducted without lawyers acting as presiding officers or counsel. Studies conducted by the military departments and the civilian bar{{Who|date=July 2010}} identified a variety of problems in the administration of military justice during the war, including the potential for improper command influence.
The military justice system under the Articles of War and Articles for the Government of the Navy received significant attention during [[World War II]] and its immediate aftermath.  During the war, in which over 16 million persons served in the American armed forces, the military services held over 1.7 million courts-martial. Many of these proceedings were conducted without lawyers acting as presiding officers or counsel. Studies conducted by the military departments and the civilian bar{{Who|date=July 2010}} identified a variety of problems in the administration of military justice during the war, including the potential for improper command influence.
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