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|OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization)
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization)
|Mission=The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) enhances the security of the nation's transportation systems to protect travelers, cargo, and infrastructure from threats. It aims to improve security by setting standards, deploying advanced technology, and maintaining a visible deterrent presence to prevent acts of terrorism.
|Mission=The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) enhances the security of the nation's transportation systems to protect travelers, cargo, and infrastructure from threats. It aims to improve security by setting standards, deploying advanced technology, and maintaining a visible deterrent presence to prevent acts of terrorism.
|ParentOrganization=United States Department of Homeland Security
|ParentOrganization=Department of Homeland Security
|TopOrganization=Department of Homeland Security
|CreationLegislation=Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001
|CreationLegislation=Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001
|Employees=55000
|Employees=55000
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The TSA was created largely in response to the terrorist attacks of [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]], which revealed weaknesses in existing airport security procedures.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016|title=Front Matter|journal=Criticism|volume=58 |issue=3|doi=10.13110/criticism.58.3.fm|issn=0011-1589}}</ref> At the time, a myriad of [[private security companies]] managed air travel security under contract to individual airlines or groups of airlines that used a given airport or terminal facility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/airports-before-911_n_57c85e17e4b078581f11a133|title=This Is What It Was Like To Go To The Airport Before 9/11|first=Lydia|last=O'Connor|date=September 11, 2016|website=HuffPost}}</ref> Proponents of placing the government in charge of airport security, including Transportation Secretary [[Norman Mineta]], argued that only a single federal agency could best protect passenger aviation.
The TSA was created largely in response to the terrorist attacks of [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]], which revealed weaknesses in existing airport security procedures.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016|title=Front Matter|journal=Criticism|volume=58 |issue=3|doi=10.13110/criticism.58.3.fm|issn=0011-1589}}</ref> At the time, a myriad of [[private security companies]] managed air travel security under contract to individual airlines or groups of airlines that used a given airport or terminal facility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/airports-before-911_n_57c85e17e4b078581f11a133|title=This Is What It Was Like To Go To The Airport Before 9/11|first=Lydia|last=O'Connor|date=September 11, 2016|website=HuffPost}}</ref> Proponents of placing the government in charge of airport security, including Transportation Secretary [[Norman Mineta]], argued that only a single federal agency could best protect passenger aviation.


Congress agreed, and authorized the creation of the TSA in the [[Aviation and Transportation Security Act]], which was signed into law by President [[George W. Bush]] on November 19, 2001. Bush nominated [[John Magaw]] on December 10, and he was confirmed by the Senate the following January. The agency was initially placed under the [[United States Department of Transportation]] but was moved to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] when that department was formed on March 9, 2003.
Congress agreed, and authorized the creation of the TSA in the [[Aviation and Transportation Security Act]], which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 19, 2001. Bush nominated [[John Magaw]] on December 10, and he was confirmed by the Senate the following January. The agency was initially placed under the [[United States Department of Transportation]] but was moved to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] when that department was formed on March 9, 2003.


The new agency's effort to hire screeners to begin operating security checkpoints at airports represents a case of a large-scale staffing project completed over a short period. The only effort in U.S. history that came close to it was the testing of recruits for the armed forces in [[World War II]]. During the period from February to December 2002, 1.7 million applicants were assessed for 55,000 screening jobs.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology|last1=Landy |first1=Frank J.|last2=Conte|first2=Jeffery M.|date=December 26, 2012|publisher=Wiley; 4 edition|isbn=9781118291207|pages=263}}</ref>
The new agency's effort to hire screeners to begin operating security checkpoints at airports represents a case of a large-scale staffing project completed over a short period. The only effort in U.S. history that came close to it was the testing of recruits for the armed forces in [[World War II]]. During the period from February to December 2002, 1.7 million applicants were assessed for 55,000 screening jobs.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology|last1=Landy |first1=Frank J.|last2=Conte|first2=Jeffery M.|date=December 26, 2012|publisher=Wiley; 4 edition|isbn=9781118291207|pages=263}}</ref>
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====2013 Los Angeles airport shooting====
====2013 Los Angeles airport shooting====
{{main|2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting}}
{{main|2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting}}
On Friday, November 1, 2013, TSA officer Gerardo I. Hernandez, age 39, was shot and killed by a lone gunman at the Los Angeles International Airport. Law enforcement officials identified the suspect as 23-year-old Paul Anthony Ciancia, who was shot and wounded by law enforcement officers before being taken into custody.<ref>{{cite news |title=LAX shooting: Slain TSA Officer identified as Gerardo I. Hernandez |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lax-shooting-slain-tsa-agent-identified-as-gerardo-i-hernandez-20131101-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=November 2, 2013 |first1=Brian |last1=Bennett |first2=Richard |last2=Winton |first3=Scott |last3=Gold |date=November 1, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817095700/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/01/local/la-me-ln-lax-shooting-slain-tsa-agent-identified-as-gerardo-i-hernandez-20131101 |archive-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> Ciancia was wearing fatigues and carrying a bag containing a hand-written note that said he "wanted to kill TSA and pigs". Hernandez was the first TSA officer to be killed in the line of duty.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jansen |first=Bart |date=November 1, 2013 |title=TSA workers mourn first death on duty |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2013/11/01/tsa-mourning-lax-shooting/3360655/ |url-status=live |work=[[USA Today]] |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025140500/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2013/11/01/tsa-mourning-lax-shooting/3360655/ |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020}}</ref>
On Friday, November 1, 2013, TSA officer Gerardo I. Hernandez, age 39, was shot and killed by a lone gunman at the Los Angeles International Airport. Law enforcement officials identified the suspect as 23-year-old Paul Anthony Ciancia, who was shot and wounded by law enforcement officers before being taken into custody.<ref>{{cite news |title=LAX shooting: Slain TSA Officer identified as Gerardo I. Hernandez |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lax-shooting-slain-tsa-agent-identified-as-gerardo-i-hernandez-20131101-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=November 2, 2013 |first1=Brian |last1=Bennett |first2=Richard |last2=Winton |first3=Scott |last3=Gold |date=November 1, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817095700/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/01/local/la-me-ln-lax-shooting-slain-tsa-agent-identified-as-gerardo-i-hernandez-20131101 |archive-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> Ciancia was wearing fatigues and carrying a bag containing a hand-written note that said he "wanted to kill TSA and pigs". Hernandez was the first TSA officer to be killed in the line of duty.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jansen |first=Bart |date=November 1, 2013 |title=TSA workers mourn first death on duty |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2013/11/01/tsa-mourning-lax-shooting/3360655/ |url-status=live |work=USA Today |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025140500/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2013/11/01/tsa-mourning-lax-shooting/3360655/ |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020}}</ref>


====2015 New Orleans airport attack====
====2015 New Orleans airport attack====
On March 21, 2015, 63-year-old Richard White entered the [[Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport]] armed with six [[Molotov cocktail]]s, a gasoline lighter, and a [[machete]]. White began assaulting passengers and Transportation Security Administration officers by spraying them with a can of wasp killer, then started swinging his machete. A TSA agent blocked the machete with a piece of luggage, as White ran through a metal detector. A [[Jefferson Parish, Louisiana|Jefferson Parish]] deputy sheriff shot and killed White as he was chasing a TSA officer with his machete.<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |last=Toppo |first=Greg |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/21/new-orleans-airport-attack-scene/25136201/ |title=New Orleans airport machete suspect is dead |work=[[USA Today]] |date=March 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707192745/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/21/new-orleans-airport-attack-scene/25136201/ |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |access-date=September 17, 2017 }}</ref>
On March 21, 2015, 63-year-old Richard White entered the [[Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport]] armed with six [[Molotov cocktail]]s, a gasoline lighter, and a [[machete]]. White began assaulting passengers and Transportation Security Administration officers by spraying them with a can of wasp killer, then started swinging his machete. A TSA agent blocked the machete with a piece of luggage, as White ran through a metal detector. A [[Jefferson Parish, Louisiana|Jefferson Parish]] deputy sheriff shot and killed White as he was chasing a TSA officer with his machete.<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |last=Toppo |first=Greg |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/21/new-orleans-airport-attack-scene/25136201/ |title=New Orleans airport machete suspect is dead |work=USA Today |date=March 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707192745/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/21/new-orleans-airport-attack-scene/25136201/ |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |access-date=September 17, 2017 }}</ref>


==== COVID-19 pandemic in the United States ====
==== COVID-19 pandemic in the United States ====
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** [[Veteran Health Identification Card]] (VHIC)
** [[Veteran Health Identification Card]] (VHIC)


Passenger names are compared against the [[No Fly List]], a list of about 21,000 names ({{as of|2012|lc=y}}) of suspected terrorists who are not allowed to board.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/no-fly-list-doubles-in-a-year-now-21000-names/|title=No-fly list doubles in a year – now 21,000 names|date=February 2, 2012|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> Passenger names are also compared against a longer list of [[selectee]]s; passengers whose names match names from this list receive a more thorough screening before being potentially allowed to board.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/10/22/no.fly.lists/index.html|title=Terrorist watch lists shorter than previously reported|last=Alvarez|first=Lizette|date=October 22, 2008|work=CNN|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> The effectiveness of the lists has been criticized on the basis of errors in how those lists are maintained,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-dec-29-la-oe-schoenfeld29-2009dec29-story.html|title=Politics and the no-fly list|last=Schoenfeld|first=Gabriel|date=December 29, 2009|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> for concerns that the lists are [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]], and for its ineffectiveness at stopping [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], who attempted to detonate plastic explosives in his underwear, from boarding an aircraft.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/12/31/how-did-us-no-fly-list-miss/|title=Plane bombing plot: No-fly list procedure needs revamping, critics say|last=Tankersley|first=Jim|date=December 31, 2009|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref>
Passenger names are compared against the [[No Fly List]], a list of about 21,000 names ({{as of|2012|lc=y}}) of suspected terrorists who are not allowed to board.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/no-fly-list-doubles-in-a-year-now-21000-names/|title=No-fly list doubles in a year – now 21,000 names|date=February 2, 2012|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> Passenger names are also compared against a longer list of [[selectee]]s; passengers whose names match names from this list receive a more thorough screening before being potentially allowed to board.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/10/22/no.fly.lists/index.html|title=Terrorist watch lists shorter than previously reported|last=Alvarez|first=Lizette|date=October 22, 2008|work=CNN|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> The effectiveness of the lists has been criticized on the basis of errors in how those lists are maintained,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-dec-29-la-oe-schoenfeld29-2009dec29-story.html|title=Politics and the no-fly list|last=Schoenfeld|first=Gabriel|date=December 29, 2009|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> for concerns that the lists are [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]], and for its ineffectiveness at stopping [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], who attempted to detonate plastic explosives in his underwear, from boarding an aircraft.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/12/31/how-did-us-no-fly-list-miss/|title=Plane bombing plot: No-fly list procedure needs revamping, critics say|last=Tankersley|first=Jim|date=December 31, 2009|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref>
At the airport security checkpoint, passengers are screened to ensure they are not carrying prohibited items. These include most sorts of sharp objects, many sporting goods such as baseball bats and hockey sticks, guns or other weapons, many sorts of tools, flammable liquids (except for conventional lighters), many forms of chemicals and paint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/prohibited-items|website=tsa.gov|title=Prohibited Items|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> In addition, passengers are limited to {{convert|3.4|USoz|lk=in}} of almost any liquid or gel, which must be presented at the checkpoint in a clear, one-quart [[Zipper storage bag|zip-top bag]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/traveler-information/3-1-1-carry-ons|title=3-1-1 for Carry-ons|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411045917/http://www.tsa.gov/traveler-information/3-1-1-carry-ons|archive-date=April 11, 2013}}</ref> These restrictions on liquids were a reaction to the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]].
At the airport security checkpoint, passengers are screened to ensure they are not carrying prohibited items. These include most sorts of sharp objects, many sporting goods such as baseball bats and hockey sticks, guns or other weapons, many sorts of tools, flammable liquids (except for conventional lighters), many forms of chemicals and paint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/prohibited-items|website=tsa.gov|title=Prohibited Items|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> In addition, passengers are limited to {{convert|3.4|USoz|lk=in}} of almost any liquid or gel, which must be presented at the checkpoint in a clear, one-quart [[Zipper storage bag|zip-top bag]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/traveler-information/3-1-1-carry-ons|title=3-1-1 for Carry-ons|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411045917/http://www.tsa.gov/traveler-information/3-1-1-carry-ons|archive-date=April 11, 2013}}</ref> These restrictions on liquids were a reaction to the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]].


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====November 2010 enhanced screening procedures====
====November 2010 enhanced screening procedures====
Beginning in November 2010, TSA added new enhanced screening procedures. Passengers are required to choose between an enhanced [[patdown]], allowing TSOs to more thoroughly check areas on the body such as waistbands, groin, and inner thigh.<ref name="AP112310">{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Eileen|author-link1=Eileen Sullivan |last2=Kellman|first2=Laurie |last3=Crustinger|first3=Martin|last4=Margasak|first4=Larry |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101123/ap_on_bi_ge/us_airport_security_vips |agency=Associated Press |date=November 23, 2010 |title=TSA: Some gov't officials to skip airport security |access-date=November 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125153320/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101123/ap_on_bi_ge/us_airport_security_vips |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref> or instead to be imaged by the use of a [[full body scanner]] (that is, either [[backscatter X-ray]] or [[millimeter wave scanner|millimeter wave detection]] machines) in order to fly. These changes were made in reaction to the [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]] bombing attempt.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html|title=Poll finds 61% oppose new airport security measures|last=Martin|first=Hugo|date=November 23, 2010|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
Beginning in November 2010, TSA added new enhanced screening procedures. Passengers are required to choose between an enhanced [[patdown]], allowing TSOs to more thoroughly check areas on the body such as waistbands, groin, and inner thigh.<ref name="AP112310">{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Eileen|author-link1=Eileen Sullivan |last2=Kellman|first2=Laurie |last3=Crustinger|first3=Martin|last4=Margasak|first4=Larry |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101123/ap_on_bi_ge/us_airport_security_vips |agency=Associated Press |date=November 23, 2010 |title=TSA: Some gov't officials to skip airport security |access-date=November 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125153320/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101123/ap_on_bi_ge/us_airport_security_vips |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref> or instead to be imaged by the use of a [[full body scanner]] (that is, either [[backscatter X-ray]] or [[millimeter wave scanner|millimeter wave detection]] machines) in order to fly. These changes were made in reaction to the [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]] bombing attempt.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html|title=Poll finds 61% oppose new airport security measures|last=Martin|first=Hugo|date=November 23, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>


=====Pat-downs=====
=====Pat-downs=====
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[[File:TSA Millimeter Wave Scanner avatar.jpg|thumb|160x160px|The screen operators of millimeter wave scanners now see]]
[[File:TSA Millimeter Wave Scanner avatar.jpg|thumb|160x160px|The screen operators of millimeter wave scanners now see]]
TSA has used two kinds of full body imaging technology since first deploying them in airports in 2010. Previously [[Backscatter X-ray|backscatter X-ray scanners]] were used which produced [[ionizing radiation]]. After criticism the agency now uses only [[millimeter wave scanner]]s which use [[non-ionizing radiation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Farah Naz |title=Is That Airport Security Scanner Really Safe? |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/is-that-airport-security-scanner-really-safe/ |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=Scientific American Blog Network |language=en}}</ref> The TSA refers to both systems as Advanced Imaging Technologies or AIT. Critics sometimes refer to them as "naked scanners," though operators no longer see images of the actual passenger, which has been replaced by a stick figure with boxes indicating areas of concern identified by the machine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukin-uk-germany-bodyscanner-idUKTRE4AS1V320081129|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104194749/http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukin-uk-germany-bodyscanner-idUKTRE4AS1V320081129|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 4, 2016|title=Germany plans lab tests for airport naked scans|date=November 29, 2008|work=Reuters UK}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In 2022, TSA announced it will allow passengers to select the gender marker of their choice and alter algorithms used by the machines to be inclusive of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming individuals. Previously the agency required screeners to select a male or female button based on a brief glance at the passenger as they entered the machine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2022 |title=TSA announces measures to implement gender-neutral screening at its checkpoints |url=https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2022/03/31/tsa-announces-measures-implement-gender-neutral-screening-its |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=TSA.gov}}</ref>[[File:Mmw large.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Screenshot from a [[millimeter wave scanner]] before they were replaced by stick figure avatars]]Passengers are directed to hold their hands above their heads for a few seconds while front and back images are created.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/tsa-removes-x-ray-body-scanners-from-major-airports|title=TSA Removes X-Ray Body Scanners From Major Airports|last=Grabell|first=Michael|date=October 19, 2012|work=Pro Publica|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref> If the machine indicates an anomaly to the operator, or if other problems occur, the passenger is required to receive a pat-down of that area.[[File:Tech backscatter.jpg|160px|thumb|An older Rapiscan [[X-ray backscatter|backscatter]] X-ray scanner]][[File:Backscatter large.jpg|thumb|160px|[[X-ray backscatter]] technology produces an image that resembles a chalk etching.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/how_it_works.shtm |title=TSA: How it Works |publisher=Tsa.gov |access-date=January 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221030830/http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/how_it_works.shtm |archive-date=December 21, 2011 }}</ref>]]Full-body scanners have also proven controversial due to privacy and health concerns. The [[American Civil Liberties Union]] has called the scanners a "virtual strip search."<ref name="Puzzanghera">
TSA has used two kinds of full body imaging technology since first deploying them in airports in 2010. Previously [[Backscatter X-ray|backscatter X-ray scanners]] were used which produced [[ionizing radiation]]. After criticism the agency now uses only [[millimeter wave scanner]]s which use [[non-ionizing radiation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Farah Naz |title=Is That Airport Security Scanner Really Safe? |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/is-that-airport-security-scanner-really-safe/ |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=Scientific American Blog Network |language=en}}</ref> The TSA refers to both systems as Advanced Imaging Technologies or AIT. Critics sometimes refer to them as "naked scanners," though operators no longer see images of the actual passenger, which has been replaced by a stick figure with boxes indicating areas of concern identified by the machine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukin-uk-germany-bodyscanner-idUKTRE4AS1V320081129|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104194749/http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukin-uk-germany-bodyscanner-idUKTRE4AS1V320081129|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 4, 2016|title=Germany plans lab tests for airport naked scans|date=November 29, 2008|work=Reuters UK}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In 2022, TSA announced it will allow passengers to select the gender marker of their choice and alter algorithms used by the machines to be inclusive of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming individuals. Previously the agency required screeners to select a male or female button based on a brief glance at the passenger as they entered the machine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2022 |title=TSA announces measures to implement gender-neutral screening at its checkpoints |url=https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2022/03/31/tsa-announces-measures-implement-gender-neutral-screening-its |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=TSA.gov}}</ref>[[File:Mmw large.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Screenshot from a [[millimeter wave scanner]] before they were replaced by stick figure avatars]]Passengers are directed to hold their hands above their heads for a few seconds while front and back images are created.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/tsa-removes-x-ray-body-scanners-from-major-airports|title=TSA Removes X-Ray Body Scanners From Major Airports|last=Grabell|first=Michael|date=October 19, 2012|work=Pro Publica|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref> If the machine indicates an anomaly to the operator, or if other problems occur, the passenger is required to receive a pat-down of that area.[[File:Tech backscatter.jpg|160px|thumb|An older Rapiscan [[X-ray backscatter|backscatter]] X-ray scanner]][[File:Backscatter large.jpg|thumb|160px|[[X-ray backscatter]] technology produces an image that resembles a chalk etching.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/how_it_works.shtm |title=TSA: How it Works |publisher=Tsa.gov |access-date=January 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221030830/http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/how_it_works.shtm |archive-date=December 21, 2011 }}</ref>]]Full-body scanners have also proven controversial due to privacy and health concerns. The [[American Civil Liberties Union]] has called the scanners a "virtual strip search."<ref name="Puzzanghera">
Jim Puzzanghera, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-22-la-na-tsa-pat-downs-20101122-story.html 'Invasive' airport pat-downs not going away for the holidays], [[Los Angeles Times]], November 22, 2010.</ref> Female passengers have complained that they are often singled out for scanning, and a review of TSA records by a local CBS affiliate in Dallas found "a pattern of women who believe that there was nothing random about the way they were selected for extra screening."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/female-passengers-say-theyre-targeted-by-tsa/|title=Female Passengers Say They're Targeted By TSA|date=February 13, 2012|work=CBS Dallas|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
Jim Puzzanghera, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-22-la-na-tsa-pat-downs-20101122-story.html 'Invasive' airport pat-downs not going away for the holidays], Los Angeles Times, November 22, 2010.</ref> Female passengers have complained that they are often singled out for scanning, and a review of TSA records by a local CBS affiliate in Dallas found "a pattern of women who believe that there was nothing random about the way they were selected for extra screening."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/female-passengers-say-theyre-targeted-by-tsa/|title=Female Passengers Say They're Targeted By TSA|date=February 13, 2012|work=CBS Dallas|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>


The TSA, on their website, states that they have "implemented strict measures to protect passenger privacy which is ensured through the anonymity of the image,"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120311010041/http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/index.shtm "Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)"] - Retrieved September 19, 2012,</ref> and additionally states that these technologies "cannot store, print, transmit or save the image, and the image is automatically deleted from the system after it is cleared by the remotely located security officer."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/ait-privacy|title=AIT: Privacy|date=December 24, 2012|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215190320/http://www.tsa.gov/ait-privacy|archive-date=February 15, 2013}}</ref> This claim, however, was proven false after multiple incidents involving leaked images. The machines do in fact have the ability to "save" the images and while this function is purported to be "turned off" by the TSA in screenings, TSA training facilities have the save function turned on.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Norman|first1=Joshua|title=Naked Body Scan Images Never Saved, TSA Says|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/naked-body-scan-images-never-saved-tsa-says/|access-date=November 23, 2014|work=CBS News|date=November 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://gizmodo.com/5690749/these-are-the-first-100-leaked-body-scans One Hundred Naked Citizens: One Hundred Leaked Body Scans] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011050549/http://gizmodo.com/5690749/these-are-the-first-100-leaked-body-scans |date=October 11, 2016 }}. Gizmodo.com. Retrieved on April 28, 2014.</ref>
The TSA, on their website, states that they have "implemented strict measures to protect passenger privacy which is ensured through the anonymity of the image,"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120311010041/http://www.tsa.gov/approach/tech/ait/index.shtm "Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)"] - Retrieved September 19, 2012,</ref> and additionally states that these technologies "cannot store, print, transmit or save the image, and the image is automatically deleted from the system after it is cleared by the remotely located security officer."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsa.gov/ait-privacy|title=AIT: Privacy|date=December 24, 2012|publisher=Transportation Security Administration|access-date=April 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215190320/http://www.tsa.gov/ait-privacy|archive-date=February 15, 2013}}</ref> This claim, however, was proven false after multiple incidents involving leaked images. The machines do in fact have the ability to "save" the images and while this function is purported to be "turned off" by the TSA in screenings, TSA training facilities have the save function turned on.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Norman|first1=Joshua|title=Naked Body Scan Images Never Saved, TSA Says|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/naked-body-scan-images-never-saved-tsa-says/|access-date=November 23, 2014|work=CBS News|date=November 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://gizmodo.com/5690749/these-are-the-first-100-leaked-body-scans One Hundred Naked Citizens: One Hundred Leaked Body Scans] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011050549/http://gizmodo.com/5690749/these-are-the-first-100-leaked-body-scans |date=October 11, 2016 }}. Gizmodo.com. Retrieved on April 28, 2014.</ref>
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====Employee records lost or stolen====
====Employee records lost or stolen====
In 2007, an unencrypted computer [[hard drive]] containing [[Social Security Administration|Social Security]] numbers, bank data, and payroll information for about 100,000 employees was lost or stolen from TSA headquarters. Kip Hawley alerted TSA employees to the loss, and apologized for it. The agency asked the [[FBI]] to investigate. There were no reports that the data was later misused.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/18497134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630143931/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18497134/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |title=TSA Computer Hard Drive Missing |agency=Associated Press |author=Matt Apuzzo |date=May 4, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-16-tsa-missing-drive_N.htm|title=TSA: Missing hard drive left unprotected|date=July 16, 2007|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
In 2007, an unencrypted computer [[hard drive]] containing [[Social Security Administration|Social Security]] numbers, bank data, and payroll information for about 100,000 employees was lost or stolen from TSA headquarters. Kip Hawley alerted TSA employees to the loss, and apologized for it. The agency asked the [[FBI]] to investigate. There were no reports that the data was later misused.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/18497134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630143931/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18497134/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |title=TSA Computer Hard Drive Missing |agency=Associated Press |author=Matt Apuzzo |date=May 4, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-16-tsa-missing-drive_N.htm|title=TSA: Missing hard drive left unprotected|date=July 16, 2007|work=USA Today|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>


====Unsecured website====
====Unsecured website====
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Other common criticisms of the agency have also included assertions that TSA employees have slept on the job,<ref>{{cite news |title=TSA fires screener caught sleeping in Seattle |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/01/06/airport.screener/ |date=January 6, 2003 |publisher=[[Cable News Network|CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Report: Air Marshal Caught Sleeping on Flight |date=June 7, 2006 |url=http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9335428/detail.html |publisher=TheDenverChannel.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125180216/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9335428/detail.html |archive-date=January 25, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/03/11/sleeping.screener.ap/index.html|title=Security screener suspended for sleeping|date=March 11, 2003|work=CNN|access-date=November 27, 2010|location=Windsor Locks, Connecticut|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618075026/http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/03/11/sleeping.screener.ap/index.html|archive-date=June 18, 2008|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=TSA Has Fired 112 Honolulu Employees Since 2002 |url=http://www.thehawaiichannel.com/news/6692360/detail.html |date=February 2, 2006 |publisher=TheHawaiiChannel.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511215746/http://www.thehawaiichannel.com/news/6692360/detail.html |archive-date=May 11, 2006 }}</ref> bypassed security checks,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.local6.com/news/10958681/detail.html |title=TSA Workers Skipping Orlando Airport Security Causes Concern |publisher=Local6.com |date=February 7, 2007 |access-date=November 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615004859/http://www.local6.com/news/10958681/detail.html |archive-date=June 15, 2008 }}</ref> and failed to use good judgment and common sense.<ref>{{cite web|title=TSA Officers Hassle Female Passenger with Toddler at Reagan National Airport over Sippy Cup? |work=Myth Busters |publisher=Transportation Security Administration |date=June 17, 2007 |url=http://www.tsa.dhs.gov/approach/mythbusters/dca_incident.shtm |access-date=August 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705093104/http://www.tsa.dhs.gov/approach/mythbusters/dca_incident.shtm |archive-date=July 5, 2008 }}<!--The date at the URL is June 19, so maybe the story was updated with relevant videos and documents--></ref><ref>{{cite video |people=[[Keith Olbermann]] (host), Andrew Thomas (guest), Monica Emmerson (seen in [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] clip/s and photos) |title=Olbermann covers *The sippy-cup terrorist* – "Countdown w/ Keith Olbermann" |medium=Television production |publisher=[[MSNBC]] via [[YouTube]] |date=June 18, 2007 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Fu_qvm8dw |access-date=August 2, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Teen Says TSA Screener Opened Sterile Equipment, Put Life In Danger |publisher=[[WFTV]].com |location=Orlando, [[Florida|Fla.]] |date=March 6, 2008 |url=http://www.wftv.com/irresistible/15511359/detail.html |access-date=August 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929145100/http://www.wftv.com/irresistible/15511359/detail.html |archive-date=September 29, 2008 }}</ref>
Other common criticisms of the agency have also included assertions that TSA employees have slept on the job,<ref>{{cite news |title=TSA fires screener caught sleeping in Seattle |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/01/06/airport.screener/ |date=January 6, 2003 |publisher=[[Cable News Network|CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Report: Air Marshal Caught Sleeping on Flight |date=June 7, 2006 |url=http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9335428/detail.html |publisher=TheDenverChannel.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125180216/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9335428/detail.html |archive-date=January 25, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/03/11/sleeping.screener.ap/index.html|title=Security screener suspended for sleeping|date=March 11, 2003|work=CNN|access-date=November 27, 2010|location=Windsor Locks, Connecticut|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618075026/http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/03/11/sleeping.screener.ap/index.html|archive-date=June 18, 2008|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=TSA Has Fired 112 Honolulu Employees Since 2002 |url=http://www.thehawaiichannel.com/news/6692360/detail.html |date=February 2, 2006 |publisher=TheHawaiiChannel.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511215746/http://www.thehawaiichannel.com/news/6692360/detail.html |archive-date=May 11, 2006 }}</ref> bypassed security checks,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.local6.com/news/10958681/detail.html |title=TSA Workers Skipping Orlando Airport Security Causes Concern |publisher=Local6.com |date=February 7, 2007 |access-date=November 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615004859/http://www.local6.com/news/10958681/detail.html |archive-date=June 15, 2008 }}</ref> and failed to use good judgment and common sense.<ref>{{cite web|title=TSA Officers Hassle Female Passenger with Toddler at Reagan National Airport over Sippy Cup? |work=Myth Busters |publisher=Transportation Security Administration |date=June 17, 2007 |url=http://www.tsa.dhs.gov/approach/mythbusters/dca_incident.shtm |access-date=August 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705093104/http://www.tsa.dhs.gov/approach/mythbusters/dca_incident.shtm |archive-date=July 5, 2008 }}<!--The date at the URL is June 19, so maybe the story was updated with relevant videos and documents--></ref><ref>{{cite video |people=[[Keith Olbermann]] (host), Andrew Thomas (guest), Monica Emmerson (seen in [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] clip/s and photos) |title=Olbermann covers *The sippy-cup terrorist* – "Countdown w/ Keith Olbermann" |medium=Television production |publisher=[[MSNBC]] via [[YouTube]] |date=June 18, 2007 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Fu_qvm8dw |access-date=August 2, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Teen Says TSA Screener Opened Sterile Equipment, Put Life In Danger |publisher=[[WFTV]].com |location=Orlando, [[Florida|Fla.]] |date=March 6, 2008 |url=http://www.wftv.com/irresistible/15511359/detail.html |access-date=August 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929145100/http://www.wftv.com/irresistible/15511359/detail.html |archive-date=September 29, 2008 }}</ref>


TSA agents are also accused and convicted of having mistreated passengers; having sexually harassed passengers;<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Keith |title=US eases patdown policy for air travelers |work=The Boston Globe |date=December 23, 2004 |url=https://www.boston.com/business/articles/2004/12/23/us_eases_patdown_policy_for_air_travelers |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Plan to snoop on fliers takes intrusion to new heights |work=Editorial/Opinion |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=March 11, 2003 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2003-03-11-our-view1_x.htm |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Phoenix airport to test X-ray screening |newspaper=USA Today |date=December 1, 2006 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2006-12-01-airport-screening_x.htm |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ritchie |first=Jim |title=TSA officials being probed |work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=April 29, 2005 |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_329096.html |access-date=October 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013074505/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_329096.html |archive-date=October 13, 2008 }}</ref> having used invasive screening procedures, including touching the genitals, along with those of children;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101111/us_nm/us_usa_security_patdowns_1 |title=Pilots and passengers rail at new airport patdowns |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=November 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114071050/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101111/us_nm/us_usa_security_patdowns_1 |archive-date=November 14, 2010 }}</ref> misusing body scanners to ogle female passengers;<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/02/female-body-scans/|title=Female Passengers Say They Were Targeted for TSA Body Scanners|first=Kim|last=Zetter|magazine=Wired|date=February 14, 2012|access-date=August 23, 2020|via=www.wired.com}}</ref> having searched passengers or their belongings for items other than weapons or explosives;<ref>{{cite news
TSA agents are also accused and convicted of having mistreated passengers; having sexually harassed passengers;<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Keith |title=US eases patdown policy for air travelers |work=The Boston Globe |date=December 23, 2004 |url=https://www.boston.com/business/articles/2004/12/23/us_eases_patdown_policy_for_air_travelers |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Plan to snoop on fliers takes intrusion to new heights |work=Editorial/Opinion |publisher=USA Today |date=March 11, 2003 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2003-03-11-our-view1_x.htm |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Phoenix airport to test X-ray screening |newspaper=USA Today |date=December 1, 2006 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2006-12-01-airport-screening_x.htm |access-date=August 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ritchie |first=Jim |title=TSA officials being probed |work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=April 29, 2005 |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_329096.html |access-date=October 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013074505/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_329096.html |archive-date=October 13, 2008 }}</ref> having used invasive screening procedures, including touching the genitals, along with those of children;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101111/us_nm/us_usa_security_patdowns_1 |title=Pilots and passengers rail at new airport patdowns |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=November 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114071050/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101111/us_nm/us_usa_security_patdowns_1 |archive-date=November 14, 2010 }}</ref> misusing body scanners to ogle female passengers;<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/02/female-body-scans/|title=Female Passengers Say They Were Targeted for TSA Body Scanners|first=Kim|last=Zetter|magazine=Wired|date=February 14, 2012|access-date=August 23, 2020|via=www.wired.com}}</ref> having searched passengers or their belongings for items other than weapons or explosives;<ref>{{cite news
| title = Is Tougher Airport Screening Going Too Far?
| title = Is Tougher Airport Screening Going Too Far?
| author = Scott McCartney
| author = Scott McCartney
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===Public opinion===
===Public opinion===
A CBS telephone poll of 1137 people published on November 15, 2010, found that 81% percent of those polled approved TSA's use of full-body scans.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124133835/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/11/15/politics/main7057902.shtml Poll: 4 in 5 Support Full-Body Airport Scanners] [[CBS]] News, November 15, 2010.</ref> An ABC/Washington Post poll conducted by Langer Associates and released November 22, 2010, found that 64% of Americans favored the full-body X-ray scanners, but that 50% think the "enhanced" pat-downs go too far; 37% felt so strongly. Besides, the poll states opposition is lowest among those who fly less than once a year.<ref>Nate Silver, [http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/new-poll-suggests-shift-in-public-views-on-t-s-a-procedures/ New Poll Suggests Shift in Public Views on T.S.A. Procedures] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521033700/http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/new-poll-suggests-shift-in-public-views-on-t-s-a-procedures/ |date=May 21, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 22, 2010.</ref> A later poll by [[Zogby International]] found 61% of likely voters oppose the new measures by TSA.<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html Poll finds 61% oppose new airport security measures] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806213843/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html |date=August 6, 2016 }}, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', November 23, 2010.</ref> In 2012, a poll conducted by the Frequent Business Traveler organization found that 56% of frequent fliers were "not satisfied" with the job the TSA was doing. 57% rated the TSA as doing a "poor job," and 34% rated it "fair." Only 1% of those surveyed rated the agency's work as excellent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-sep-11-la-fi-mo-tsa-survey-20120911-story.html|title=Many frequent travelers say TSA is doing poor job|last=Martin|first=Hugo|date=September 11, 2012|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref> On the contrary, a 2018 Rasmussen Reports telephone poll of 1,000 Adult Americans found that 45% of respondents had an opinion of the TSA ranging from somewhat favorable to very favorable, while 39% had an unfavorable opinion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/general_lifestyle/august_2018/tsa_is_on_the_up_and_up_with_americans|title=TSA Is On the Up-And-Up With Americans - Rasmussen Reports®|website=www.rasmussenreports.com|access-date=November 15, 2019}}</ref>
A CBS telephone poll of 1137 people published on November 15, 2010, found that 81% percent of those polled approved TSA's use of full-body scans.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124133835/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/11/15/politics/main7057902.shtml Poll: 4 in 5 Support Full-Body Airport Scanners] [[CBS]] News, November 15, 2010.</ref> An ABC/Washington Post poll conducted by Langer Associates and released November 22, 2010, found that 64% of Americans favored the full-body X-ray scanners, but that 50% think the "enhanced" pat-downs go too far; 37% felt so strongly. Besides, the poll states opposition is lowest among those who fly less than once a year.<ref>Nate Silver, [http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/new-poll-suggests-shift-in-public-views-on-t-s-a-procedures/ New Poll Suggests Shift in Public Views on T.S.A. Procedures] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521033700/http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/new-poll-suggests-shift-in-public-views-on-t-s-a-procedures/ |date=May 21, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 22, 2010.</ref> A later poll by [[Zogby International]] found 61% of likely voters oppose the new measures by TSA.<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html Poll finds 61% oppose new airport security measures] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806213843/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/11/new-poll-says-61-oppose-new-airport-security-measures.html |date=August 6, 2016 }}, ''Los Angeles Times'', November 23, 2010.</ref> In 2012, a poll conducted by the Frequent Business Traveler organization found that 56% of frequent fliers were "not satisfied" with the job the TSA was doing. 57% rated the TSA as doing a "poor job," and 34% rated it "fair." Only 1% of those surveyed rated the agency's work as excellent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-sep-11-la-fi-mo-tsa-survey-20120911-story.html|title=Many frequent travelers say TSA is doing poor job|last=Martin|first=Hugo|date=September 11, 2012|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref> On the contrary, a 2018 Rasmussen Reports telephone poll of 1,000 Adult Americans found that 45% of respondents had an opinion of the TSA ranging from somewhat favorable to very favorable, while 39% had an unfavorable opinion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/general_lifestyle/august_2018/tsa_is_on_the_up_and_up_with_americans|title=TSA Is On the Up-And-Up With Americans - Rasmussen Reports®|website=www.rasmussenreports.com|access-date=November 15, 2019}}</ref>


===Investigations of the TSA===
===Investigations of the TSA===
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===Calls for abolition===
===Calls for abolition===
Numerous groups and figures have called for the abolition of the TSA in its current form by persons and groups which include Sen. [[Rand Paul]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0512/75896.html|title=Rand Paul's TSA fix: Pull the plug|work=POLITICO|date=May 3, 2012 }}</ref> (R-KY), Rep. [[John Mica]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110913/10465415931/guy-who-created-tsa-says-its-failed-its-time-to-dismantle-it.shtml|title=Guy Who Created The TSA Says It's Failed, And It's Time To Dismantle It|work=Techdirt.|date=September 14, 2011}}</ref> (R-FL), The [[Cato Institute]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/privatizing-transportation-security-administration|title=Privatizing the Transportation Security Administration|work=Cato Institute}}</ref> [[Downsize DC Foundation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://downsizedc.org/etp/tsa/|title=Abolish the TSA|access-date=April 20, 2015|archive-date=July 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730232856/https://downsizedc.org/etp/tsa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[FreedomWorks]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freedomworks.org/content/top-10-reasons-abolish-transportation-security-administration-tsa|title=Top 10 Reasons to Abolish the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)|date=May 11, 2012}}</ref> and opinion columnists from ''[[Forbes]],''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/artcarden/2010/11/14/full-frontal-nudity-doesnt-make-us-safer-abolish-the-tsa/|title=Full Frontal Nudity Doesn't Make Us Safer: Abolish the TSA|author=Art Carden|date=November 14, 2010|work=Forbes}}</ref> ''[[Fox News]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/congress-should-abolish-the-tsa-its-time-to-privatize-airport-screening/|title=Congress should abolish the TSA -- it's time to privatize airport screening|author=Chris Edwards|work=Fox News|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> ''[[National Review]],''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/365365/abolish-tsa-veronique-de-rugy|title=National Review Online|author=Veronique de Rugy|website=[[National Review]]|date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> ''[[USA Today]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2013/12/02/tsa-department-homeland-security-patriot-act-column/3796127/|title=Abolish the TSA: Column|date=December 2, 2013|work=USA TODAY}}</ref> ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/5/26/5750764/the-case-for-abolishing-the-tsa|title=The case for abolishing the TSA|author=Dylan Matthews|date=May 26, 2014|work=Vox}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Examiner]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/abolish-the-tsa/article/2543245|title=Abolish the TSA|author=Charles Hoskinson|work=Washington Examiner|date=January 31, 2014}}</ref> and ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/16/abolish-the-tsa/|title=Abolish the TSA|author=CJ Ciaramella|date=April 16, 2015|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>
Numerous groups and figures have called for the abolition of the TSA in its current form by persons and groups which include Sen. [[Rand Paul]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0512/75896.html|title=Rand Paul's TSA fix: Pull the plug|work=POLITICO|date=May 3, 2012 }}</ref> (R-KY), Rep. [[John Mica]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110913/10465415931/guy-who-created-tsa-says-its-failed-its-time-to-dismantle-it.shtml|title=Guy Who Created The TSA Says It's Failed, And It's Time To Dismantle It|work=Techdirt.|date=September 14, 2011}}</ref> (R-FL), The [[Cato Institute]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/privatizing-transportation-security-administration|title=Privatizing the Transportation Security Administration|work=Cato Institute}}</ref> [[Downsize DC Foundation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://downsizedc.org/etp/tsa/|title=Abolish the TSA|access-date=April 20, 2015|archive-date=July 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730232856/https://downsizedc.org/etp/tsa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[FreedomWorks]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freedomworks.org/content/top-10-reasons-abolish-transportation-security-administration-tsa|title=Top 10 Reasons to Abolish the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)|date=May 11, 2012}}</ref> and opinion columnists from ''[[Forbes]],''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/artcarden/2010/11/14/full-frontal-nudity-doesnt-make-us-safer-abolish-the-tsa/|title=Full Frontal Nudity Doesn't Make Us Safer: Abolish the TSA|author=Art Carden|date=November 14, 2010|work=Forbes}}</ref> ''[[Fox News]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/congress-should-abolish-the-tsa-its-time-to-privatize-airport-screening/|title=Congress should abolish the TSA -- it's time to privatize airport screening|author=Chris Edwards|work=Fox News|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> ''[[National Review]],''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/365365/abolish-tsa-veronique-de-rugy|title=National Review Online|author=Veronique de Rugy|website=[[National Review]]|date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> ''USA Today'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2013/12/02/tsa-department-homeland-security-patriot-act-column/3796127/|title=Abolish the TSA: Column|date=December 2, 2013|work=USA TODAY}}</ref> ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/5/26/5750764/the-case-for-abolishing-the-tsa|title=The case for abolishing the TSA|author=Dylan Matthews|date=May 26, 2014|work=Vox}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Examiner]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/abolish-the-tsa/article/2543245|title=Abolish the TSA|author=Charles Hoskinson|work=Washington Examiner|date=January 31, 2014}}</ref> and ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/16/abolish-the-tsa/|title=Abolish the TSA|author=CJ Ciaramella|date=April 16, 2015|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>


The TSA's critics frequently cite the agency as "ineffective, invasive, incompetent, inexcusably costly, or all four" as their reasons for seeking its abolition.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mann |first=Charles C. |author-link=Charles C. Mann |date=December 20, 2011 |title=Does Airport Security Really Make Us Safer? |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2011/12/tsa-insanity-201112 |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications]] |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> Those seeking to abolish the TSA have cited the improved efficacy and cost of screening provided by qualified private companies in compliance with federal guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/112th/Aviation/2011-06-03-TSA_SPP_Report.pdf |title=TSA Ignores More Cost-Effective Screening Model |access-date=April 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907012004/http://archives.republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/112th/Aviation/2011-06-03-TSA_SPP_Report.pdf |archive-date=September 7, 2016 }}</ref>
The TSA's critics frequently cite the agency as "ineffective, invasive, incompetent, inexcusably costly, or all four" as their reasons for seeking its abolition.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mann |first=Charles C. |author-link=Charles C. Mann |date=December 20, 2011 |title=Does Airport Security Really Make Us Safer? |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2011/12/tsa-insanity-201112 |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications]] |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> Those seeking to abolish the TSA have cited the improved efficacy and cost of screening provided by qualified private companies in compliance with federal guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/112th/Aviation/2011-06-03-TSA_SPP_Report.pdf |title=TSA Ignores More Cost-Effective Screening Model |access-date=April 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907012004/http://archives.republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/112th/Aviation/2011-06-03-TSA_SPP_Report.pdf |archive-date=September 7, 2016 }}</ref>
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