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The CDC works towards these goals by conducting health promotion, prevention of disease, injury, and disability through activities
The CDC works towards these goals by conducting health promotion, prevention of disease, injury, and disability through activities
|ParentOrganization=Department of Health and Human Services
|ParentOrganization=Department of Health and Human Services
|TopOrganization=Department of Health and Human Services
|Employees=11814
|Employees=11814
|Budget=1580000000
|Budget=1580000000
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=== Growth ===
=== Growth ===
In 1951, Chief Epidemiologist [[Alexander Langmuir|Alexander Langmuir's]] warnings of potential [[biological warfare]] during the [[Korean War]] spurred the creation of the [[Epidemic Intelligence Service]] (EIS) as a two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology. The success of the EIS program led to the launch of [[Field Epidemiology Training Program]]s (FETP) in 1980, training more than 18,000 disease detectives in over 80 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/healthprotection/fetp-40th-anniversary/index.html|title=FETP 40th Anniversary &#124; Division of Global Health Protection &#124; Global Health &#124; CDC|date=March 12, 2021|website=CDC}}</ref> In 2020, FETP celebrated the 40th anniversary of the CDC's support for Thailand's Field Epidemiology Training Program. Thailand was the first FETP site created outside of North America and is found in numerous countries, reflecting CDC's influence in promoting this model internationally.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=Mark|first2=Sharon M.|last2=McDonnell|first3=Denise H.|last3=Werker|first4=Victor M.|last4=Cardenas|first5=Stephen B.|last5=Thacker|year=2001|title=Partnerships in International Applied Epidemiology Training and Service|journal=[[American Journal of Epidemiology]]|volume=154|issue=11|pages=993–999|doi=10.1093/aje/154.11.993|pmid=11724714|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network ([[TEPHINET]]) has graduated 950 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tephinet.org/training-programs/thailand-field-epidemiology-training-program|title=Thailand Field Epidemiology Training Program &#124; TEPHINET|website=www.tephinet.org}}</ref>
In 1951, Chief Epidemiologist [[Alexander Langmuir|Alexander Langmuir's]] warnings of potential [[biological warfare]] during the Korean War spurred the creation of the [[Epidemic Intelligence Service]] (EIS) as a two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology. The success of the EIS program led to the launch of [[Field Epidemiology Training Program]]s (FETP) in 1980, training more than 18,000 disease detectives in over 80 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/healthprotection/fetp-40th-anniversary/index.html|title=FETP 40th Anniversary &#124; Division of Global Health Protection &#124; Global Health &#124; CDC|date=March 12, 2021|website=CDC}}</ref> In 2020, FETP celebrated the 40th anniversary of the CDC's support for Thailand's Field Epidemiology Training Program. Thailand was the first FETP site created outside of North America and is found in numerous countries, reflecting CDC's influence in promoting this model internationally.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=Mark|first2=Sharon M.|last2=McDonnell|first3=Denise H.|last3=Werker|first4=Victor M.|last4=Cardenas|first5=Stephen B.|last5=Thacker|year=2001|title=Partnerships in International Applied Epidemiology Training and Service|journal=[[American Journal of Epidemiology]]|volume=154|issue=11|pages=993–999|doi=10.1093/aje/154.11.993|pmid=11724714|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network ([[TEPHINET]]) has graduated 950 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tephinet.org/training-programs/thailand-field-epidemiology-training-program|title=Thailand Field Epidemiology Training Program &#124; TEPHINET|website=www.tephinet.org}}</ref>


The mission of the CDC expanded beyond its original focus on malaria to include [[sexually transmitted disease]]s when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter, Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in 1963 the Immunization program was established.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Beth E. Meyerson|author2=Fred A. Martich|author3=Gerald P. Naehr|year=2008|title=Ready to Go: The History and Contributions of U.S. Public Health Advisors|location=Research Triangle Park|publisher=American Social Health Association}}</ref>
The mission of the CDC expanded beyond its original focus on malaria to include [[sexually transmitted disease]]s when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter, Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in 1963 the Immunization program was established.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Beth E. Meyerson|author2=Fred A. Martich|author3=Gerald P. Naehr|year=2008|title=Ready to Go: The History and Contributions of U.S. Public Health Advisors|location=Research Triangle Park|publisher=American Social Health Association}}</ref>
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The city of Atlanta annexed the property of the CDC headquarters effective January 1, 2018, as a part of the city's largest annexation within a period of 65 years; the [[Atlanta City Council]] had voted to do so the prior December.<ref name="NiesseEmoryannexed" /> The CDC and [[Emory University]] had requested that the Atlanta city government annex the area, paving the way for a [[MARTA]] expansion through the Emory campus, funded by city tax dollars.<ref>{{cite web | title=Emory, CDC to be Annexed into Atlanta | last1=Chess | first1=Richard | last2=Bober | first2=Madison | url=https://emorywheel.com/emory-cdc-to-be-annexed-into-atlanta/ | date=December 4, 2017 | website=The Emory Wheel | access-date=May 27, 2023}}</ref> The headquarters were located in an [[unincorporated area]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Torpy, Bill|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/torpy-large-dekalb-has-annexation-anxiety-over-emory-cdc/EyaVzWIjxULTGi4iv7xwLK/|title=Torpy at Large: DeKalb has annexation anxiety over Emory, CDC|work=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|date=2017-08-07|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> statistically in the [[Druid Hills, Georgia|Druid Hills]] [[census-designated place]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st13_ga/place/p1324264_druid_hills/DC10BLK_P1324264_001.pdf|title=2010 Census Block Map – Druid Hills CDP, GA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2023-07-11}} – Compare with [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203031222/https://www.cdc.gov/ the address]: "1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"</ref>
The city of Atlanta annexed the property of the CDC headquarters effective January 1, 2018, as a part of the city's largest annexation within a period of 65 years; the [[Atlanta City Council]] had voted to do so the prior December.<ref name="NiesseEmoryannexed" /> The CDC and [[Emory University]] had requested that the Atlanta city government annex the area, paving the way for a [[MARTA]] expansion through the Emory campus, funded by city tax dollars.<ref>{{cite web | title=Emory, CDC to be Annexed into Atlanta | last1=Chess | first1=Richard | last2=Bober | first2=Madison | url=https://emorywheel.com/emory-cdc-to-be-annexed-into-atlanta/ | date=December 4, 2017 | website=The Emory Wheel | access-date=May 27, 2023}}</ref> The headquarters were located in an [[unincorporated area]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Torpy, Bill|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/torpy-large-dekalb-has-annexation-anxiety-over-emory-cdc/EyaVzWIjxULTGi4iv7xwLK/|title=Torpy at Large: DeKalb has annexation anxiety over Emory, CDC|work=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|date=2017-08-07|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> statistically in the [[Druid Hills, Georgia|Druid Hills]] [[census-designated place]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st13_ga/place/p1324264_druid_hills/DC10BLK_P1324264_001.pdf|title=2010 Census Block Map – Druid Hills CDP, GA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2023-07-11}} – Compare with [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203031222/https://www.cdc.gov/ the address]: "1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"</ref>


On August 17, 2022, Dr. Walensky said the CDC would make drastic changes in the wake of mistakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. She outlined an overhaul of how the CDC would analyze and share data and how they would communicate information to the general public. In her statement to all CDC employees, she said: "For 75 years, CDC and public health have been preparing for COVID-19, and in our big moment, our performance did not reliably meet expectations."<ref>{{cite news |last=Steenhuysen |first=Julie |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-plans-reorganize-structure-after-pandemic-related-criticism-wsj-2022-08-17/ |title=U.S. CDC plans to focus on public health response after pandemic failings |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2022-08-17 |accessdate=2022-08-17 }}</ref> Based on the findings of an internal report, Walensky concluded that "The CDC must refocus itself on public health needs, respond much faster to emergencies and outbreaks of disease, and provide information in a way that ordinary people and state and local health authorities can understand and put to use" (as summarized by the New York Times).<ref name=nytreorg/>
On August 17, 2022, Dr. Walensky said the CDC would make drastic changes in the wake of mistakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. She outlined an overhaul of how the CDC would analyze and share data and how they would communicate information to the general public. In her statement to all CDC employees, she said: "For 75 years, CDC and public health have been preparing for COVID-19, and in our big moment, our performance did not reliably meet expectations."<ref>{{cite news |last=Steenhuysen |first=Julie |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-plans-reorganize-structure-after-pandemic-related-criticism-wsj-2022-08-17/ |title=U.S. CDC plans to focus on public health response after pandemic failings |work=Reuters |date=2022-08-17 |accessdate=2022-08-17 }}</ref> Based on the findings of an internal report, Walensky concluded that "The CDC must refocus itself on public health needs, respond much faster to emergencies and outbreaks of disease, and provide information in a way that ordinary people and state and local health authorities can understand and put to use" (as summarized by the New York Times).<ref name=nytreorg/>


==Organization==
==Organization==
{{Main|Organization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}
{{Main|Organization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}The CDC is organized into centers, institutes, and offices (CIOs), with each organizational unit implementing the agency's activities in a particular area of expertise while also providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats.<ref name="pmid8955706" />
 
[[File:CDC Headquarters PHIL 10693.tif|CDC's Roybal campus in Atlanta, Georgia|thumb]]
[[File:Tom Harkin Global Communications Center PHIL 8876.tif|Tom Harkin Global Communications Center|thumb]]
[[File:CDC HDR I.jpg|thumb|CDC Building 17 in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as seen from [[Emory University]]]]
The CDC is organized into centers, institutes, and offices (CIOs), with each organizational unit implementing the agency's activities in a particular area of expertise while also providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats.<ref name="pmid8955706" />


As of the most recent reorganization in February 2023, the CIOs are:<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-02-21 |title=CDC Organization |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/cio.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref>
As of the most recent reorganization in February 2023, the CIOs are:<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-02-21 |title=CDC Organization |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/cio.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref>
* Director
* Director
** [[National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases]]
** [[National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases]]
** National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
** [[National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases]]
*** [[Division of Global Migration Health]]<ref>{{cite web |last=National Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease |date=February 14, 2019 |title=Divisions and Office Overview |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/who-we-are/ncezid-divisions/index.html |access-date=30 October 2020 |website=cdc.gov}}</ref>
*** [[Division of Global Migration Health]]<ref>{{cite web |last=National Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease |date=February 14, 2019 |title=Divisions and Office Overview |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/who-we-are/ncezid-divisions/index.html |access-date=30 October 2020 |website=cdc.gov}}</ref>
** [[National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention]]
** [[National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention]]
** National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
** [[National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesNational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion|National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities]]
** National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
** [[National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental DisabilitiesNational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion|National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion]]
** National Center for Environmental Health / [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]]
** [[National Center for Environmental Health]] / [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]]
** [[National Center for Injury Prevention and Control]]
** [[National Center for Injury Prevention and Control]]
** [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]]
** [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]]
** Public Health Infrastructure Center
** [[Public Health Infrastructure Center]]
** Global Health Center
** [[Global Health Center]]
** Immediate Office of the Director
** Immediate Office of the Director
*** Chief of Staff
*** [[Chief of Staff (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)|Chief of Staff (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''')''']]
*** Office of the Chief Operating Officer
*** [[Office of the Chief Operating Officer]]
*** Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation
*** [[Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation]]
*** Office of Equal Employment Opportunity and Workplace Equity
*** [[Office of Equal Employment Opportunity and Workplace Equity]]
*** Office of Communications
*** [[Office of Communications (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)|Office of Communications (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''')''']]
*** Office of Health Equity
*** [[Office of Health Equity]]
*** Office of Science
*** [[Office of Science (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)|Office of Science (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''')''']]
*** CDC Washington Office
*** [[CDC Washington Office]]
*** Office of Laboratory Science and Safety
*** [[Office of Laboratory Science and Safety]]
*** Office of Readiness and Response
*** [[Office of Readiness and Response]]
**** Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics
**** [[Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics]]
*** Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology
*** [[Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology]]
**** [[National Center for Health Statistics]]
**** [[National Center for Health Statistics]]


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=== Locations ===
=== Locations ===
Most CDC centers are located in [[Atlanta]].  Building 18, which opened in 2005 at the CDC's main Roybal campus (named in honor of the late Representative [[Edward R. Roybal]]), contains the premier [[BSL4]] laboratory in the United States.<ref name="b18ie">{{cite news |title=CDC Structural Façade Inspection, Building 18 |url=https://ieiusa.com/iei-portfolio/cdc-structural-facade-inspection-building-18-altanta-ga/ |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=Innovative Engineering}}</ref><ref name="mcwcdc">{{cite news |title=Centre for Disease Control – Building 18 |url=http://www.mcw.com/Projects/Details?f=m&title=Centre-for-Disease-Control---Building-18 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=MCW Hemisphere |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821214417/http://www.mcw.com/Projects/Details?f=m&title=Centre-for-Disease-Control---Building-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ayusa">{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Alison |title=Newly disclosed CDC biolab failures 'like a screenplay for a disaster movie' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/02/newly-disclosed-cdc-lab-incidents-fuel-concerns-safety-transparency/84978860/ |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=2 June 2016}}</ref>
Most CDC centers are located in [[Atlanta]].  Building 18, which opened in 2005 at the CDC's main Roybal campus (named in honor of the late Representative [[Edward R. Roybal]]), contains the premier [[BSL4]] laboratory in the United States.<ref name="b18ie">{{cite news |title=CDC Structural Façade Inspection, Building 18 |url=https://ieiusa.com/iei-portfolio/cdc-structural-facade-inspection-building-18-altanta-ga/ |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=Innovative Engineering}}</ref><ref name="mcwcdc">{{cite news |title=Centre for Disease Control – Building 18 |url=http://www.mcw.com/Projects/Details?f=m&title=Centre-for-Disease-Control---Building-18 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=MCW Hemisphere |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821214417/http://www.mcw.com/Projects/Details?f=m&title=Centre-for-Disease-Control---Building-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ayusa">{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Alison |title=Newly disclosed CDC biolab failures 'like a screenplay for a disaster movie' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/02/newly-disclosed-cdc-lab-incidents-fuel-concerns-safety-transparency/84978860/ |publisher=USA Today |date=2 June 2016}}</ref>


A few of the centers are based in or operate other domestic locations:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-23|title=Living in Atlanta|url=https://www.cdc.gov/jobs/living-in-atlanta.html|access-date=2019-05-29|website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref>
A few of the centers are based in or operate other domestic locations:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-23|title=Living in Atlanta|url=https://www.cdc.gov/jobs/living-in-atlanta.html|access-date=2019-05-29|website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref>
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
!Portrait
!Director
!Director
!Took office
!Took office
!Left office
!Left office
|-
|-
|[[File:Louis L. Williams.jpg|100px]]
|[[Louis L. Williams]] Jr.
|[[Louis L. Williams]] Jr.
|1942
|1942
|1943
|1943
|-
|-
|[[File:Mark D. Hollis.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mark D. Hollis]]
|[[Mark D. Hollis]]
|1944
|1944
|1946
|1946
|-
|-
|[[File:Raymond A. Vonderlehr.jpg|100px]]
|[[Raymond A. Vonderlehr]]
|[[Raymond A. Vonderlehr]]
|1947
|1947
|1951
|1951
|-
|-
|[[File:Justin M. Andrews.jpg|100px]]
|[[Justin M. Andrews]]
|[[Justin M. Andrews]]
|1952
|1952
|1953
|1953
|-
|-
|[[File:Theodore J. Bauer.jpg|100px]]
|[[Theodore J. Bauer]]
|[[Theodore J. Bauer]]
|1953
|1953
|1956
|1956
|-
|-
|[[File:Robert J Anderson.jpg|100px]]
|[[Robert J. Anderson (public health administrator)|Robert J. Anderson]]
|[[Robert J. Anderson (public health administrator)|Robert J. Anderson]]
|October 1, 1956
|October 1, 1956
|June 30, 1960
|June 30, 1960
|-
|-
|[[File:Clarence A. Smith.jpg|100px]]
|[[Clarence A. Smith]]
|[[Clarence A. Smith]]
|1960
|1960
|1962
|1962
|-
|-
|[[File:James L. Goddard.gif|100px]]
|[[James L. Goddard]]
|[[James L. Goddard]]
|1962
|1962
|January 1966
|January 1966
|-
|-
|[[File:David Sencer portrait.png|100px]]
|[[David Sencer|David J. Sencer]]
|[[David Sencer|David J. Sencer]]
|1966
|1966
|May 1977
|May 1977
|-
|-
|[[File:William H. Foege.jpg|100px]]
|[[William Foege|William H. Foege]]
|[[William Foege|William H. Foege]]
|May 1977
|May 1977
|1983
|1983
|-
|-
|[[File:James O. Mason USPHS.jpg|100px]]
|[[James O. Mason]]
|[[James O. Mason]]
|1983
|1983
|1989
|1989
|-
|-
|[[File:William L Roper.jpg|100px]]
|[[William L. Roper]]
|[[William L. Roper]]
|March 1, 1990
|March 1, 1990
|June 30, 1993
|June 30, 1993
|-
|-
|[[File:David Satcher official photo portrait.jpg|100px]]
|[[David Satcher]]
|[[David Satcher]]
|1993
|1993
|February 13, 1998
|February 13, 1998
|-
|-
|[[File:Jeffrey P. Koplan.jpg|100px]]
|[[Jeffrey Koplan|Jeffrey P. Koplan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ianphi.org/who-we-are/biography-executive.cfm/third/executive/staff_id/0DC197D2-123F-73FE-89B61A336FB4B8D5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015040509/http://ianphi.org/who-we-are/biography-executive.cfm/third/executive/staff_id/0DC197D2-123F-73FE-89B61A336FB4B8D5|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-10-15|title=National Public Health Institute, NPHI Advocacy|publisher=IANPHI|access-date=2012-04-16}}</ref>
|[[Jeffrey Koplan|Jeffrey P. Koplan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ianphi.org/who-we-are/biography-executive.cfm/third/executive/staff_id/0DC197D2-123F-73FE-89B61A336FB4B8D5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015040509/http://ianphi.org/who-we-are/biography-executive.cfm/third/executive/staff_id/0DC197D2-123F-73FE-89B61A336FB4B8D5|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-10-15|title=National Public Health Institute, NPHI Advocacy|publisher=IANPHI|access-date=2012-04-16}}</ref>
|October 5, 1998
|October 5, 1998
|March 31, 2002
|March 31, 2002
|-
|-
|[[File:JGerberding cdc photo.jpg|100px]]
|[[Julie Gerberding]]
|[[Julie Gerberding]]
|June 3, 2002
|June 3, 2002
|January 20, 2009
|January 20, 2009
|-
|-
|[[File:Thomas Frieden official CDC portrait.jpg|100px]]
|[[Tom Frieden|Thomas R. Frieden]]<ref name="Frieden" />
|[[Tom Frieden|Thomas R. Frieden]]<ref name="Frieden" />
|June 8, 2009
|June 8, 2009
|January 20, 2017
|January 20, 2017
|-
|-
|[[File:Anne Schuchat, 2018.jpg|100px]]
|[[Anne Schuchat]] (acting)<ref name="Schuchat">{{cite web|url = https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/pdd.html|title = Principal Deputy Director: Anne Schuchat, MD |website = cdc.gov|date =2 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[Anne Schuchat]] (acting)<ref name="Schuchat">{{cite web|url = https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/pdd.html|title = Principal Deputy Director: Anne Schuchat, MD |website = cdc.gov|date =2 August 2019}}</ref>
|January 20, 2017
|January 20, 2017
|July 7, 2017
|July 7, 2017
|-
|-
|[[File:Brenda Fitzgerald official photo.jpg|100px]]
|[[Brenda Fitzgerald]]<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/371592-cdc-head-resigns-after-report-she-traded-tobacco-stocks/|title=CDC head resigns after report she traded tobacco stocks|last=Hellmann|first=Jessie|date=January 31, 2018|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref>
|[[Brenda Fitzgerald]]<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/371592-cdc-head-resigns-after-report-she-traded-tobacco-stocks/|title=CDC head resigns after report she traded tobacco stocks|last=Hellmann|first=Jessie|date=January 31, 2018|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref>
|July 7, 2017
|July 7, 2017
|January 31, 2018
|January 31, 2018
|-
|-
|[[File:Anne Schuchat, 2018.jpg|100px]]
|[[Anne Schuchat]] (acting)
|[[Anne Schuchat]] (acting)
|January 31, 2018
|January 31, 2018
|March 26, 2018
|March 26, 2018
|-
|-
|[[File:Robert R. Redfield.jpg|100px]]
|[[Robert R. Redfield]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/21/longtime-aids-researcher-robert-redfield-picked-to-lead-cdc/|title=Longtime AIDS researcher Robert Redfield picked to lead CDC|last=Sun|first=Lena H.|date=2018-03-21|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2018-03-22|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
|[[Robert R. Redfield]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/21/longtime-aids-researcher-robert-redfield-picked-to-lead-cdc/|title=Longtime AIDS researcher Robert Redfield picked to lead CDC|last=Sun|first=Lena H.|date=2018-03-21|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2018-03-22|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
|March 26, 2018
|March 26, 2018
|January 20, 2021
|January 20, 2021
|-
|-
|[[File:Rochelle Walensky, CDC Director (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Rochelle Walensky]]
|[[Rochelle Walensky]]
|January 20, 2021
|January 20, 2021
|June 30, 2023
|June 30, 2023
|-
|-
|[[File:Nirav D. Shah.png|100px]]
|[[Nirav D. Shah]] (acting)
|[[Nirav D. Shah]] (acting)
|July 1, 2023
|July 1, 2023
|July 10, 2023
|July 10, 2023
|-
|-
|[[File:Mandy K. Cohen, CDC Director.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mandy Cohen]]
|[[Mandy Cohen]]
|July 10, 2023
|July 10, 2023
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== CDC Foundation ==
== CDC Foundation ==
The CDC Foundation operates independently from CDC as a private, nonprofit [[501(c)(3)]] organization incorporated in the State of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of the [[Public Health Service Act]] to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector, including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and individuals.<ref>{{cite web|title=42 U.S. Code § 280e–11 – Establishment and duties of Foundation |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/280e-11 |website=Legal Information Institute |access-date=September 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918211846/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/280e-11 |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdcfoundation.org|title=CDCfoundation.org|publisher=CDCfoundation.org|access-date=2012-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427005757/http://www.cdcfoundation.org|archive-date=April 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1995 to 2022, the foundation raised over $1.6 billion and launched more than 1,200 health programs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-07 |title=CDC Foundation |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/business/cdcfoun.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725170721/https://www.cdc.gov/about/business/cdcfoun.htm |archive-date=2022-07-25 |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> [[Bill Cosby]] formerly served as a member of the foundation's Board of Directors, continuing as an honorary member after completing his term.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stokes |first1=Charles |last2=Jacobs |first2=Phil |title=Fiscal Year 2008 Report to Contributors |url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/sites/default/files/upload/pdf/ReportToContributors_FY08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806034654/https://www.cdcfoundation.org/sites/default/files/upload/pdf/ReportToContributors_FY08.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-06 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[CDC Foundation]]}}</ref>
The CDC Foundation operates independently from CDC as a private, nonprofit [[501(c)(3)]] organization incorporated in the State of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of the [[Public Health Service Act]] to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector, including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and individuals.<ref>{{cite web|title=42 U.S. Code § 280e–11 – Establishment and duties of Foundation |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/280e-11 |website=Legal Information Institute |access-date=September 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918211846/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/280e-11 |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdcfoundation.org|title=CDCfoundation.org|publisher=CDCfoundation.org|access-date=2012-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427005757/http://www.cdcfoundation.org|archive-date=April 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1995 to 2022, the foundation raised over $1.6 billion and launched more than 1,200 health programs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-07 |title=CDC Foundation |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/business/cdcfoun.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725170721/https://www.cdc.gov/about/business/cdcfoun.htm |archive-date=2022-07-25 |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> Bill Cosby formerly served as a member of the foundation's Board of Directors, continuing as an honorary member after completing his term.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stokes |first1=Charles |last2=Jacobs |first2=Phil |title=Fiscal Year 2008 Report to Contributors |url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/sites/default/files/upload/pdf/ReportToContributors_FY08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806034654/https://www.cdcfoundation.org/sites/default/files/upload/pdf/ReportToContributors_FY08.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-06 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[CDC Foundation]]}}</ref>


=== Activities ===
=== Activities ===
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