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National Agricultural Library: Difference between revisions
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{{Organization | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName= | |OrganizationName=National Agricultural Library | ||
|OrganizationType=Research and Development Agencies | |OrganizationType=Research and Development Agencies | ||
|Mission=The National Agricultural Library serves as the primary agricultural information resource of the United States, providing access to a vast collection of agricultural literature and digital resources. Its mission is to facilitate the creation of agricultural knowledge by acquiring, curating, and disseminating information to solve agricultural challenges. | |Mission=The National Agricultural Library serves as the primary agricultural information resource of the United States, providing access to a vast collection of agricultural literature and digital resources. Its mission is to facilitate the creation of agricultural knowledge by acquiring, curating, and disseminating information to solve agricultural challenges. | ||
|ParentOrganization=Agricultural Research Service | |ParentOrganization=Agricultural Research Service | ||
|TopOrganization=Department of Agriculture | |||
|CreationLegislation=Organic Act of 1862 | |CreationLegislation=Organic Act of 1862 | ||
|Employees=100 | |Employees=100 | ||
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[[File:National Agricultural Library lobby 2018.jpg|thumb|Lobby of the Abraham Lincoln Building]] | [[File:National Agricultural Library lobby 2018.jpg|thumb|Lobby of the Abraham Lincoln Building]] | ||
NAL was established as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Library on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by | NAL was established as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Library on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by Abraham Lincoln. In 1863, the library's collection comprised 1,000 volumes that had been transferred from the U.S. Patent Office's Agricultural Division. By 1889, the library's collection had increased to 20,000 volumes, and a librarian from Amherst College was hired to create a [[library classification|classification system]] for the library's collection. At this time, the library was located on the second floor of the Department of Agriculture's main building. In 1893, William Cutter was hired as Librarian of the Department, and he began a reorganization effort to modernize the library and improve its effectiveness. His primary achievement was consolidating the library's collection of 38,000 volumes into one central library; previously, more than half of the library's collection was held in divisional libraries across the United States. By 1900, the library's collection contained 68,000 volumes, and in 1915, the library was moved to a larger facility in the Bieber Office Building at 1358 B Street SW, Washington, DC. The library moved again in 1932 to facilities in the USDA's South Building on Independence Avenue.<ref name="fusione">Fusione, Alan E. 1988. The history of the National Agricultural Library. ''Agricultural History'' 62(2):189-207.</ref> | ||
In 1934, the collection reached 250,000 volumes in size, and the library began participating in the Bibliofilm Service, which, along with the [[American Documentation Institute]] and the Science Service, supplied microfilm copies of articles to scientists. This was the first large-scale attempt by a library to provide copies of library materials to patrons rather than the original documents, and during its first year, over 300,000 copies were distributed.<ref name="fusione" /> | In 1934, the collection reached 250,000 volumes in size, and the library began participating in the Bibliofilm Service, which, along with the [[American Documentation Institute]] and the Science Service, supplied microfilm copies of articles to scientists. This was the first large-scale attempt by a library to provide copies of library materials to patrons rather than the original documents, and during its first year, over 300,000 copies were distributed.<ref name="fusione" /> | ||
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==== Animal Welfare Information Center ==== | ==== Animal Welfare Information Center ==== | ||
The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) is a centralized resource of information products, services, and activities that provide information on [[animal welfare]] in research, teaching, testing, and exhibition as specified by the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Animal Welfare Information Center|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About AWIC {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/about-awic|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref> The 1985 Act was an amendment to the [[Animal Welfare Act of 1966]] (AWA), and mandated an information service at the NAL to provide information on employee training, preventing duplication of animal experiments, and improving animal experimentation methods by reducing or replacing animal use and minimizing animals' pain and distress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=U.S.C. Title 7 - AGRICULTURE|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2015-title7/html/USCODE-2015-title7-chap54.htm|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref> The center later became known as AWIC in 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Science|first=National Research Council (US) Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235681/|title=The Animal Welfare Information Center|date=1991|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|language=en}}</ref> | The [[Animal Welfare Information Center]] (AWIC) is a centralized resource of information products, services, and activities that provide information on [[animal welfare]] in research, teaching, testing, and exhibition as specified by the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Animal Welfare Information Center|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About AWIC {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/about-awic|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref> The 1985 Act was an amendment to the [[Animal Welfare Act of 1966]] (AWA), and mandated an information service at the NAL to provide information on employee training, preventing duplication of animal experiments, and improving animal experimentation methods by reducing or replacing animal use and minimizing animals' pain and distress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=U.S.C. Title 7 - AGRICULTURE|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2015-title7/html/USCODE-2015-title7-chap54.htm|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref> The center later became known as AWIC in 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Science|first=National Research Council (US) Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235681/|title=The Animal Welfare Information Center|date=1991|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|language=en}}</ref> | ||
The AWIC provides educational outreach through its website, free in-person and virtual workshops and trainings, the USDA NAL Twitter feed, and monthly newsletters.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AWIC Workshop & Trainings {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/awic-workshop|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=USDA Agricultural Research Service|url=https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAARS/subscriber/new?topic_id=USDAARS_3|access-date=2021-09-22|website=public.govdelivery.com}}</ref> Outreach topics focus on the AWA and its amendments, the [[Three Rs (animal research)|Three Rs]] principles (reduction, replacement, and refinement of animal use), and alternatives literature searching.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Animal Welfare Act {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/animal-welfare-act|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=3Rs Alternatives: Technologies and Approaches {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/3rs-alternatives-technologies-and-approaches|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Alternatives Literature Searching {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/alternatives-literature-searching|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref> This information is available to the public, but is specifically targeted towards scientists, veterinarians, animal care staff, librarians, and students. AWIC also provides free literature searching services upon request.<ref name=":2" /> | The AWIC provides educational outreach through its website, free in-person and virtual workshops and trainings, the USDA NAL Twitter feed, and monthly newsletters.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AWIC Workshop & Trainings {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/awic-workshop|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=USDA Agricultural Research Service|url=https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAARS/subscriber/new?topic_id=USDAARS_3|access-date=2021-09-22|website=public.govdelivery.com}}</ref> Outreach topics focus on the AWA and its amendments, the [[Three Rs (animal research)|Three Rs]] principles (reduction, replacement, and refinement of animal use), and alternatives literature searching.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Animal Welfare Act {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/animal-welfare-act|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=3Rs Alternatives: Technologies and Approaches {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/3rs-alternatives-technologies-and-approaches|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Alternatives Literature Searching {{!}} Animal Welfare Information Center {{!}} NAL {{!}} USDA|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/alternatives-literature-searching|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.nal.usda.gov}}</ref> This information is available to the public, but is specifically targeted towards scientists, veterinarians, animal care staff, librarians, and students. AWIC also provides free literature searching services upon request.<ref name=":2" /> | ||