CargoAdmin, Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), fileuploaders, Interface administrators, newuser, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators
5,223
edits
Merchant Marine: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
m (Text replacement - "World War I" to "World War I") |
No edit summary |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Organization | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName= | |OrganizationName=Merchant Marine | ||
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization) | |OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization) | ||
|Mission=To support the national defense and economic prosperity of the United States by ensuring a robust, capable merchant fleet for both commercial and military sealift needs. It trains and employs mariners to serve in times of peace and war, facilitating international trade and national security. | |Mission=To support the national defense and economic prosperity of the United States by ensuring a robust, capable merchant fleet for both commercial and military sealift needs. It trains and employs mariners to serve in times of peace and war, facilitating international trade and national security. | ||
|ParentOrganization= | |ParentOrganization=Department of Transportation, through the Maritime Administration (MARAD) | ||
|CreationLegislation=Merchant Marine Act of 1936 | |CreationLegislation=Merchant Marine Act of 1936 | ||
|Employees=11768 | |Employees=11768 | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
{{Further|Maritime history of the United States}} The North American shipping industry developed as colonies grew and trade with Europe increased. As early as the 16th century, Europeans were shipping horses, cattle and hogs to the Americas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_2.html|title=On the Water – Living in the Atlantic World, 1450–1800: Web of Connections|website=americanhistory.si.edu|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> | {{Further|Maritime history of the United States}} The North American shipping industry developed as colonies grew and trade with Europe increased. As early as the 16th century, Europeans were shipping horses, cattle and hogs to the Americas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_2.html|title=On the Water – Living in the Atlantic World, 1450–1800: Web of Connections|website=americanhistory.si.edu|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> | ||
Spanish colonies began to form as early as 1565 in places like [[St. Augustine, Florida]], and later in [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]; [[San Antonio]], [[Tucson]], [[San Diego]], | Spanish colonies began to form as early as 1565 in places like [[St. Augustine, Florida]], and later in [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]; [[San Antonio]], [[Tucson]], [[San Diego]], Los Angeles and San Francisco. English colonies like [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] began to form as early as 1607. The connection between the American colonies and Europe, with shipping as its only conduit, would continue to grow unhindered for almost two hundred years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/2_3.html|title=On the Water – Maritime Nation, 1800–1850: Enterprise on the Water|website=americanhistory.si.edu|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/5_2.html|title=On the Water – Ocean Crossings, 1870–1969: Liners to America|website=americanhistory.si.edu|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> | ||
===Revolutionary War=== | ===Revolutionary War=== | ||
| Line 151: | Line 151: | ||
U.S. citizen candidates for admission must sign a service obligation contract as a condition of admittance to the USMMA; U.S. candidates who completed Indoc will execute the Oath of Office as a Midshipman in the Navy Reserve the day prior to Acceptance Day.<ref name=":5">{{Citation|title=e-CFR: Title 46: Shipping, Subpart C—Admission and Training of Midshipmen at the United States Merchant Marine Academy—§310.58. Service obligation for students executing or reexecuting contracts.|url=http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=a34279558d0ad77d2c0ddf9c291c6cdb&ty=HTML&h=L&pitd=20170101&n=pt46.8.310&r=PART#se46.8.310_158|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-16}}</ref> Plebes officially become part of the USMMA Regiment of Midshipmen on Acceptance Day, which is now standardized at 2 weeks after Indoc ends.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usmma.edu/about/communications/usmmas-acceptance-day-weekend-will-celebrate-plebe-accomplishments|title=USMMA's Acceptance Day Weekend Will Celebrate Plebe Accomplishments|date=2014-02-21|newspaper=U.S. Merchant Marine Academy|access-date=2017-02-17|language=en}}</ref> Until they are "recognized" later in the academic year, plebes must continue adhere to stringent rules affecting most aspects of their daily life. After earning it, the plebes are recognized, henceforth accorded privilege of the title [[Midshipman]], which gives them more privileges, known as "rates". | U.S. citizen candidates for admission must sign a service obligation contract as a condition of admittance to the USMMA; U.S. candidates who completed Indoc will execute the Oath of Office as a Midshipman in the Navy Reserve the day prior to Acceptance Day.<ref name=":5">{{Citation|title=e-CFR: Title 46: Shipping, Subpart C—Admission and Training of Midshipmen at the United States Merchant Marine Academy—§310.58. Service obligation for students executing or reexecuting contracts.|url=http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=a34279558d0ad77d2c0ddf9c291c6cdb&ty=HTML&h=L&pitd=20170101&n=pt46.8.310&r=PART#se46.8.310_158|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-16}}</ref> Plebes officially become part of the USMMA Regiment of Midshipmen on Acceptance Day, which is now standardized at 2 weeks after Indoc ends.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usmma.edu/about/communications/usmmas-acceptance-day-weekend-will-celebrate-plebe-accomplishments|title=USMMA's Acceptance Day Weekend Will Celebrate Plebe Accomplishments|date=2014-02-21|newspaper=U.S. Merchant Marine Academy|access-date=2017-02-17|language=en}}</ref> Until they are "recognized" later in the academic year, plebes must continue adhere to stringent rules affecting most aspects of their daily life. After earning it, the plebes are recognized, henceforth accorded privilege of the title [[Midshipman]], which gives them more privileges, known as "rates". | ||
[[File:GWBush at USMMA.jpg|thumb| | [[File:GWBush at USMMA.jpg|thumb|George W. Bush delivering the commencement address at the United States Merchant Marine Academy.]] | ||
Academy students focus on one of two different [[ship transport]] areas of education: marine transportation or [[marine engineering]]. Transportation students learn about ship [[navigation]], cargo handling, [[International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea|navigation rules]], and [[admiralty law|maritime law]]. Engineering students learn about the function of the ship's engines and its supporting systems. There are currently five different academic majors conferring a Bachelor of Science degree in the major field of study available to midshipmen: | Academy students focus on one of two different [[ship transport]] areas of education: marine transportation or [[marine engineering]]. Transportation students learn about ship [[navigation]], cargo handling, [[International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea|navigation rules]], and [[admiralty law|maritime law]]. Engineering students learn about the function of the ship's engines and its supporting systems. There are currently five different academic majors conferring a Bachelor of Science degree in the major field of study available to midshipmen: | ||
| Line 298: | Line 298: | ||
*[[John F. Kelly]], 28th White House Chief of Staff, 5th Homeland Security Secretary, four-star Marine Corps general | *[[John F. Kelly]], 28th White House Chief of Staff, 5th Homeland Security Secretary, four-star Marine Corps general | ||
* [[Douglass North]] went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics]]. | * [[Douglass North]] went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics]]. | ||
* After completing service in the Merchant Marine, two merchant mariners earned the | * After completing service in the Merchant Marine, two merchant mariners earned the Medal of Honor: [[George H. O'Brien Jr.]], earned the award in the Korean War; and [[Lawrence Joel]] earned the honor in the Vietnam War | ||
[[File:Krinsky.jpg|thumb|[[Paul L. Krinsky]] seen wearing the [[Navy Reserve Merchant Marine Insignia|Navy reserve Merchant Marine insignia]] and Merchant Marine officer's crest]] | [[File:Krinsky.jpg|thumb|[[Paul L. Krinsky]] seen wearing the [[Navy Reserve Merchant Marine Insignia|Navy reserve Merchant Marine insignia]] and Merchant Marine officer's crest]] | ||
* [[Paul L. Krinsky|Rear Admiral Paul Krinsky]], Superintendent of the Merchant Marine Academy. | * [[Paul L. Krinsky|Rear Admiral Paul Krinsky]], Superintendent of the Merchant Marine Academy. | ||
| Line 317: | Line 317: | ||
==Recipients of the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal== | ==Recipients of the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal== | ||
The [[Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal]] is the highest award for valor which can be bestowed upon members of the United States Merchant Marine and is the Merchant Marine's equivalent of the | The [[Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal]] is the highest award for valor which can be bestowed upon members of the United States Merchant Marine and is the Merchant Marine's equivalent of the Medal of Honor. The following Merchant Marine World War II combat veterans received the Medal for extraordinary heroism: | ||
* [[Paul Buck (United States Merchant Marine)]], Captain (posthumous)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = O'Hara, Edwin Joseph {{!}} Kings Pointers in World War II|url = http://kingspointww2.org/ohara-edwin-joseph/|website = kingspointww2.org|access-date = 2015-11-02|archive-date = April 25, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160425051021/http://kingspointww2.org/ohara-edwin-joseph/|url-status = dead}}</ref> | * [[Paul Buck (United States Merchant Marine)]], Captain (posthumous)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = O'Hara, Edwin Joseph {{!}} Kings Pointers in World War II|url = http://kingspointww2.org/ohara-edwin-joseph/|website = kingspointww2.org|access-date = 2015-11-02|archive-date = April 25, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160425051021/http://kingspointww2.org/ohara-edwin-joseph/|url-status = dead}}</ref> | ||
* [[SS Stephen Hopkins|Edwin Joseph O'Hara]], [[USMMA]] [[midshipman]] (posthumous)<ref name=":0" /> | * [[SS Stephen Hopkins|Edwin Joseph O'Hara]], [[USMMA]] [[midshipman]] (posthumous)<ref name=":0" /> | ||