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{{Organization
{{Organization
|OrganizationName=Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
|OrganizationName=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments
|Mission=To advance health equity, expand coverage, and improve health outcomes by providing access to high-quality, affordable health care for all Americans. CMS administers Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Health Insurance Marketplace.
|Mission=To advance health equity, expand coverage, and improve health outcomes by providing access to high-quality, affordable health care for all Americans. CMS administers Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Health Insurance Marketplace.
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==History==
==History==
Originally, the name "Medicare" in the United States referred to a program providing medical care for families of people serving in the military as part of the Dependents' Medical Care Act, which was passed in 1956.<ref>Robinson, P. I. (1957). Medicare: Uniformed Services Program for Dependents. Social Security Bulletin, 20(7), 9–16.</ref> President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] held the first White House Conference on Aging in January 1961, in which creating a health care program for social security beneficiaries was proposed.<ref>Tibbits C. "The 1961 White House Conference on Aging: it's rationale, objectives, and procedures". J Am Geriatr Soc. 1960 May. 8:373–77</ref><ref>Mcnamara PAT, Dirksen EM, Church F, Muskie ES. The 1961 White House Conference on Aging: basic policy statements and recommendations / prepared for the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate 87th Congress, 1st Session, Committee Print, May 15, 1961.</ref>
Originally, the name "Medicare" in the United States referred to a program providing medical care for families of people serving in the military as part of the Dependents' Medical Care Act, which was passed in 1956.<ref>Robinson, P. I. (1957). Medicare: Uniformed Services Program for Dependents. Social Security Bulletin, 20(7), 9–16.</ref> President Dwight D. Eisenhower held the first White House Conference on Aging in January 1961, in which creating a health care program for social security beneficiaries was proposed.<ref>Tibbits C. "The 1961 White House Conference on Aging: it's rationale, objectives, and procedures". J Am Geriatr Soc. 1960 May. 8:373–77</ref><ref>Mcnamara PAT, Dirksen EM, Church F, Muskie ES. The 1961 White House Conference on Aging: basic policy statements and recommendations / prepared for the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate 87th Congress, 1st Session, Committee Print, May 15, 1961.</ref>


President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signed the [[Social Security Amendments of 1965|Social Security Amendments]] on July 30, 1965, establishing both Medicare and Medicaid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Today's Document from the National Archives|url=https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=730|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.archives.gov| date=15 August 2016 }}</ref> [[Arthur E. Hess]], a deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration, was named as first director of the Bureau of Health Insurance in 1965, placing him as the first executive in charge of the Medicare program.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Fritze|first=John|title=Arthur E. Hess, 89, lawyer, served as 1st director of Medicare program|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-11-21-0511210002-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-05|website=baltimoresun.com|date=21 November 2005 |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621214712/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-11-21-0511210002-story.html |archive-date=2021-06-21 }}</ref> At the time, the program provided health insurance to 19 million Americans.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|title=Administrator Tenure Dates & Biographies|last=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501033505/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-01|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Social Security Administration]] (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) became responsible for the administration of Medicaid. Both agencies were organized under what was then known as the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] (HEW), in 1965. Since then, HEW, has been reorganized as the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1980. This consequently brought Medicare and Medicaid under the jurisdiction of the HHS. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Communications Division (DCD) |date=March 14, 2023 |title=HHS Historical Insights |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/historical-highlights/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2024 |website=US Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref>
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the [[Social Security Amendments of 1965|Social Security Amendments]] on July 30, 1965, establishing both Medicare and Medicaid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Today's Document from the National Archives|url=https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=730|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.archives.gov| date=15 August 2016 }}</ref> [[Arthur E. Hess]], a deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration, was named as first director of the Bureau of Health Insurance in 1965, placing him as the first executive in charge of the Medicare program.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Fritze|first=John|title=Arthur E. Hess, 89, lawyer, served as 1st director of Medicare program|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-11-21-0511210002-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-05|website=baltimoresun.com|date=21 November 2005 |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621214712/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-11-21-0511210002-story.html |archive-date=2021-06-21 }}</ref> At the time, the program provided health insurance to 19 million Americans.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|title=Administrator Tenure Dates & Biographies|last=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501033505/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-01|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Social Security Administration]] (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) became responsible for the administration of Medicaid. Both agencies were organized under what was then known as the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] (HEW), in 1965. Since then, HEW, has been reorganized as the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1980. This consequently brought Medicare and Medicaid under the jurisdiction of the HHS. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Communications Division (DCD) |date=March 14, 2023 |title=HHS Historical Insights |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/historical-highlights/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2024 |website=US Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref>


In March 1977, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) was established under HEW.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2015-07-01|title=Administrator Tenure Dates & Biographies, 1965 — 2015|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|access-date=2020-11-17|website=U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|pages=5, 13}}</ref> HCFA became responsible for the coordination of Medicare and Medicaid.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-10-06|title=20TH ANNIVERSARY 1977;TIME CAPSULE|url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/19960826/NEWS/608260322/20th-anniversary-1977-time-capsule|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Modern Healthcare|language=en}}</ref> The responsibility for enrolling beneficiaries into Medicare and processing premium payments remained with SSA.
In March 1977, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) was established under HEW.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2015-07-01|title=Administrator Tenure Dates & Biographies, 1965 — 2015|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/Administrator-Tenure-Dates-and-Biographies-1965-%E2%80%94-2015.pdf|access-date=2020-11-17|website=U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|pages=5, 13}}</ref> HCFA became responsible for the coordination of Medicare and Medicaid.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-10-06|title=20TH ANNIVERSARY 1977;TIME CAPSULE|url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/19960826/NEWS/608260322/20th-anniversary-1977-time-capsule|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Modern Healthcare|language=en}}</ref> The responsibility for enrolling beneficiaries into Medicare and processing premium payments remained with SSA.
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* Region I&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/BostonRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132924/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/BostonRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Boston]], Massachusetts
* Region I&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/BostonRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132924/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/BostonRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – Boston, Massachusetts
:[[Connecticut]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Maine]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Rhode Island]] and [[Vermont]]
:[[Connecticut]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Maine]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Rhode Island]] and [[Vermont]]
* Region II&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/NewYorkRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132925/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/NewYorkRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[New York City|New York]], New York
* Region II&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/NewYorkRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132925/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/NewYorkRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[New York City|New York]], New York
:[[New York State]], [[New Jersey]], [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] and [[Puerto Rico]]
:[[New York State]], [[New Jersey]], [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] and [[Puerto Rico]]
* Region III&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/PhiladelphiaRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132926/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/PhiladelphiaRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania
* Region III&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/PhiladelphiaRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132926/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/PhiladelphiaRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
:[[Delaware]], [[Maryland]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Virginia]], [[West Virginia]] and the [[District of Columbia]]
:[[Delaware]], [[Maryland]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Virginia]], [[West Virginia]] and the [[District of Columbia]]
* Region IV&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/AtlantaRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132927/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/AtlantaRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Atlanta]], Georgia
* Region IV&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/AtlantaRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132927/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/AtlantaRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Atlanta]], Georgia
:[[Alabama]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Kentucky]], [[Mississippi]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]] and [[Tennessee]]
:[[Alabama]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Kentucky]], [[Mississippi]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]] and [[Tennessee]]
* Region V&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/ChicagoRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132927/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/ChicagoRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Chicago]], Illinois
* Region V&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/ChicagoRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132927/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/ChicagoRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – Chicago, Illinois
:[[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Minnesota]], [[Ohio]] and [[Wisconsin]]
:[[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Minnesota]], [[Ohio]] and [[Wisconsin]]
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* Region VIII&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/DenverRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Region 8 – Denver |website= CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132930/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/DenverRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Denver]], Colorado
* Region VIII&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/DenverRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Region 8 – Denver |website= CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132930/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/DenverRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Denver]], Colorado
:[[Colorado]], [[Montana]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Utah]], and [[Wyoming]]
:[[Colorado]], [[Montana]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Utah]], and [[Wyoming]]
* Region IX&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/SanFranciscoRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132931/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/SanFranciscoRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[San Francisco]], California
* Region IX&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/SanFranciscoRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132931/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/SanFranciscoRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – San Francisco, California
:[[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Hawaii]], [[Nevada]], [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], and the [[Mariana Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]]
:[[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Hawaii]], [[Nevada]], [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], and the [[Mariana Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]]
* Region X&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/SeattleRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132932/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/SeattleRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – [[Seattle]], Washington
* Region X&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/downloads/SeattleRegionalOffice.pdf |title=Office of Program Operations and Local Engagement &#124; CMS |access-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132932/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/RegionalOffices/Downloads/SeattleRegionalOffice.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-08 }}</ref> – Seattle, Washington
:[[Alaska]], [[Idaho]], [[Oregon]], and [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
:[[Alaska]], [[Idaho]], [[Oregon]], and [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
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|1965
|1965
|1967
|1967
|[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
|Lyndon B. Johnson
|-
|-
|2
|2
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|1967
|1967
|1978
|1978
|[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]<br>[[Richard Nixon]]<br>[[Gerald Ford]]<br>[[Jimmy Carter]]
|Lyndon B. Johnson<br>[[Richard Nixon]]<br>[[Gerald Ford]]<br>[[Jimmy Carter]]
|-
|-
|3
|3
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|May 2001
|May 2001
|December 3, 2003
|December 3, 2003
|rowspan=2|[[George W. Bush]]
|rowspan=2|George W. Bush
|-
|-
|12
|12
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