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Census Bureau: Difference between revisions
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{{Organization | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName= | |OrganizationName=Census Bureau | ||
|OrganizationType=Independent Agencies | |OrganizationType=Independent Agencies | ||
|Mission=The U.S. Census Bureau measures America - people, places, and our economy. It conducts the decennial census every ten years, and numerous other surveys to provide data that shape our democracy, guide business decisions, and inform public policy. | |Mission=The U.S. Census Bureau measures America - people, places, and our economy. It conducts the decennial census every ten years, and numerous other surveys to provide data that shape our democracy, guide business decisions, and inform public policy. | ||
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The bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone, including the United States or foreign governments, or law enforcement agencies such as the [[IRS]] or the [[FBI]] or [[Interpol]]. "Providing quality data, for public good—while respecting individual privacy and, at the same time, protecting confidentiality—is the Census Bureau's core responsibility"; "Keeping the public's trust is critical to the Census's ability to carry out the mission as the leading source of quality data about the Nation's people and economy."<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|date=April 2009|title=Census Employee Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117214039/http://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|archive-date=January 17, 2012}}</ref> Only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule">{{cite web|title=72-Year Rule|url=https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2015|archive-date=April 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416202132/https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Seventy-two years was picked because usually by 72 years since the census is taken, most participants would be deceased.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule" /> | The bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone, including the United States or foreign governments, or law enforcement agencies such as the [[IRS]] or the [[FBI]] or [[Interpol]]. "Providing quality data, for public good—while respecting individual privacy and, at the same time, protecting confidentiality—is the Census Bureau's core responsibility"; "Keeping the public's trust is critical to the Census's ability to carry out the mission as the leading source of quality data about the Nation's people and economy."<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|date=April 2009|title=Census Employee Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117214039/http://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|archive-date=January 17, 2012}}</ref> Only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule">{{cite web|title=72-Year Rule|url=https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2015|archive-date=April 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416202132/https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Seventy-two years was picked because usually by 72 years since the census is taken, most participants would be deceased.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule" /> | ||
Despite these guarantees of confidentiality, the Census Bureau has some history of disclosures to other government agencies. In 1918, the Census Bureau released individual information regarding several hundred young men to the Justice Department and [[Selective Service]] system for the purpose of prosecutions for draft evasion.<ref>{{citation |url=http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701170027/http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2012|journal=[[Amerasia Journal]] |publisher=[[UCLA Asian American Studies Center]] Press|issn=0044-7471|volume=8|number=2|date=Fall–Winter 1981|pages=111–120|title=The Myth of Census Confidentiality |doi=10.17953/amer.8.2.jk115283m54v4313|last1=Okamura|first1=Raymond Y.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|title=Census Confidentiality? The Check's in the Mail|author=David Kopel|date=May 4, 1990|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|author-link=David Kopel|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805183101/https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|url-status=live}}</ref> During [[World War II]], the United States Census Bureau assisted the government's [[Japanese American internment]] efforts by providing confidential neighborhood information on [[Japanese-Americans]]. The bureau's role was denied for decades but was finally proven in 2007.<ref>{{citation|title=Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|work=[[Scientific American]]|author=JR Minkel|date=March 30, 2007|access-date=March 20, 2010|archive-date=August 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829181345/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-census-role_N.htm |title=Papers show Census role in WWII camps |work= | Despite these guarantees of confidentiality, the Census Bureau has some history of disclosures to other government agencies. In 1918, the Census Bureau released individual information regarding several hundred young men to the Justice Department and [[Selective Service]] system for the purpose of prosecutions for draft evasion.<ref>{{citation |url=http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701170027/http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2012|journal=[[Amerasia Journal]] |publisher=[[UCLA Asian American Studies Center]] Press|issn=0044-7471|volume=8|number=2|date=Fall–Winter 1981|pages=111–120|title=The Myth of Census Confidentiality |doi=10.17953/amer.8.2.jk115283m54v4313|last1=Okamura|first1=Raymond Y.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|title=Census Confidentiality? The Check's in the Mail|author=David Kopel|date=May 4, 1990|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|author-link=David Kopel|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805183101/https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|url-status=live}}</ref> During [[World War II]], the United States Census Bureau assisted the government's [[Japanese American internment]] efforts by providing confidential neighborhood information on [[Japanese-Americans]]. The bureau's role was denied for decades but was finally proven in 2007.<ref>{{citation|title=Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|work=[[Scientific American]]|author=JR Minkel|date=March 30, 2007|access-date=March 20, 2010|archive-date=August 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829181345/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-census-role_N.htm |title=Papers show Census role in WWII camps |work=USA Today |author=Haya El Nasser |date=March 30, 2007 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826005305/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-census-role_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
United States census data are valuable for the country's political parties; Democrats and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] are highly interested in knowing the accurate number of persons in their respective districts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nobles|first=Melissa|date=2000|title=Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics|location=Stanford, CA|publisher=Stanford University Press|page=ix|isbn=9780804740135}}</ref> These insights are often linked to financial and economic strategies that are central to federal, state and city investments for locations of particular populations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Breiman|first1=Leo|date=1994|title=The 1991 Census Adjustment: Undercount or Bad Data?|journal=[[Statist. Sci.]]|volume=9|issue=4|pages=458–475|doi=10.1214/ss/1177010259|doi-access=free}}</ref> Such apportionments are designed to distribute political power across neutral spatial allocations; however, "because so much is at stake, the census also runs the risk of being politicized."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Margo|last2=Fienberg|first2=Stephen|date=1999|title=Who Counts?: The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America|jstor=10.7758/9781610440059|publisher=[[Russell Sage Foundation]]|page=17|isbn=978-1-61044-005-9}}</ref> | United States census data are valuable for the country's political parties; Democrats and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] are highly interested in knowing the accurate number of persons in their respective districts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nobles|first=Melissa|date=2000|title=Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics|location=Stanford, CA|publisher=Stanford University Press|page=ix|isbn=9780804740135}}</ref> These insights are often linked to financial and economic strategies that are central to federal, state and city investments for locations of particular populations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Breiman|first1=Leo|date=1994|title=The 1991 Census Adjustment: Undercount or Bad Data?|journal=[[Statist. Sci.]]|volume=9|issue=4|pages=458–475|doi=10.1214/ss/1177010259|doi-access=free}}</ref> Such apportionments are designed to distribute political power across neutral spatial allocations; however, "because so much is at stake, the census also runs the risk of being politicized."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Margo|last2=Fienberg|first2=Stephen|date=1999|title=Who Counts?: The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America|jstor=10.7758/9781610440059|publisher=[[Russell Sage Foundation]]|page=17|isbn=978-1-61044-005-9}}</ref> | ||
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> [[32 Old Slip|New York City]], | > [[32 Old Slip|New York City]], Philadelphia, Chicago, [[Atlanta]], [[Denver]], and Los Angeles. The National Processing Center is in [[Jeffersonville, Indiana]]. Additional temporary processing facilities facilitate the decennial census, which employs more than a million people. The cost of the 2000 census was $4.5 billion. During the years just prior to the decennial census, parallel census offices, known as "Regional Census Centers" are opened in the field office cities. The decennial operations are carried out from these facilities. The Regional Census Centers oversee the openings and closings of smaller "Area Census Offices" within their collection jurisdictions. In 2020, Regional Census Centers oversaw the operation of 248 Area Census Offices,<ref>{{cite web|last=United States Census Bureau|date=December 31, 2018|title=2020 Census Operational Plan v4.0|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Census.gov|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802113646/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The estimated cost of the 2010 census is $14.7 billion. | ||
On January 1, 2013, the Census Bureau consolidated its twelve regional offices into six. Increasing costs of data collection, changes in survey management tools such as laptops and the increasing use of multi-modal surveys (i.e. internet, telephone, and in-person) led the Bureau to consolidate.<ref>{{cite web | title=A Restructuring of Census Bureau Regional Offices | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | url=http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/ | access-date=June 21, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033428/http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/ | archive-date=June 11, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The six regional offices that closed were Boston, Charlotte, Dallas, Detroit, Kansas City and Seattle. The remaining regional offices are New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta, Denver, and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | title=Census Bureau Regional Office Boundaries | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/new_ro_map_final2.pdf | access-date=June 21, 2012 | archive-date=June 25, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625170441/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/new_ro_map_final2.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> | On January 1, 2013, the Census Bureau consolidated its twelve regional offices into six. Increasing costs of data collection, changes in survey management tools such as laptops and the increasing use of multi-modal surveys (i.e. internet, telephone, and in-person) led the Bureau to consolidate.<ref>{{cite web | title=A Restructuring of Census Bureau Regional Offices | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | url=http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/ | access-date=June 21, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033428/http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/ | archive-date=June 11, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The six regional offices that closed were Boston, Charlotte, Dallas, Detroit, Kansas City and Seattle. The remaining regional offices are New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta, Denver, and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | title=Census Bureau Regional Office Boundaries | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/new_ro_map_final2.pdf | access-date=June 21, 2012 | archive-date=June 25, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625170441/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/new_ro_map_final2.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||