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Georgia (U.S. state): Difference between revisions
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| LargestCounty = [[Fulton County, Georgia|Fulton]] | | LargestCounty = [[Fulton County, Georgia|Fulton]] | ||
| LargestMetro = [[Metro Atlanta|Atlanta]] | | LargestMetro = [[Metro Atlanta|Atlanta]] | ||
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Brian Kemp]] ( | | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Brian Kemp]] (R)}} | ||
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Burt Jones]] (R)}} | | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Burt Jones]] (R)}} | ||
| Legislature = [[Georgia General Assembly]] | | Legislature = [[Georgia General Assembly]] | ||
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The [[Province of Georgia]] was established in 1732, with its first settlement occurring in 1733 when [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was founded. By 1752, Georgia had transitioned into a British [[Crown colony|royal colony]], making it the last and southernmost of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]].<ref name="GAHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/georgia|title=Georgia - Atlanta, Sherman's March & Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]] |access-date=|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604111023/https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/georgia|url-status=live|date = December 21, 2022}}</ref> Named in honor of King [[George II of Great Britain]], the Georgia Colony extended from South Carolina down to [[Spanish Florida]] and westward to [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] along the [[Mississippi River]]. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to [[ratification|ratify]] the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]].<ref name= "newgaencyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/RevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729|title=New Georgia Encyclopaedia |encyclopedia= [[The New Georgia Encyclopedia]]|access-date=February 20, 2012|archive-date=May 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513144539/http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FHistoryArchaeology%2FRevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | The [[Province of Georgia]] was established in 1732, with its first settlement occurring in 1733 when [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was founded. By 1752, Georgia had transitioned into a British [[Crown colony|royal colony]], making it the last and southernmost of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]].<ref name="GAHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/georgia|title=Georgia - Atlanta, Sherman's March & Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]] |access-date=|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604111023/https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/georgia|url-status=live|date = December 21, 2022}}</ref> Named in honor of King [[George II of Great Britain]], the Georgia Colony extended from South Carolina down to [[Spanish Florida]] and westward to [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] along the [[Mississippi River]]. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to [[ratification|ratify]] the [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]].<ref name= "newgaencyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/RevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729|title=New Georgia Encyclopaedia |encyclopedia= [[The New Georgia Encyclopedia]]|access-date=February 20, 2012|archive-date=May 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513144539/http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FHistoryArchaeology%2FRevolutionaryEra&id=h-3729 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Between 1802 and 1804, a portion of western Georgia was carved out to create the [[Mississippi Territory]], which eventually became the U.S. states of [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]]. Georgia declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the Union on January 19, 1861, joining the ranks of the original seven [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]. After the | Between 1802 and 1804, a portion of western Georgia was carved out to create the [[Mississippi Territory]], which eventually became the U.S. states of [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]]. Georgia declared its [[Secession in the United States|secession]] from the Union on January 19, 1861, joining the ranks of the original seven [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]. After the Civil War, it was the last state to be readmitted to the Union on July 15, 1870.<ref name="newgaencyclopedia"/> In the late 19th century, during the post-[[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] period, Georgia's economy underwent significant changes, driven by a coalition of influential politicians, business leaders, and journalists, notably [[Henry W. Grady]], who promoted the "[[New South]]" ideology focused on reconciliation and [[industrialization in the United States|industrialization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|title=Henry W. Grady (1850–1889)|last=Grem|first=Darren|date=January 20, 2004 |website= New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=September 27, 2019|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903210709/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/henry-w-grady-1850-1889|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
In the mid-20th century, several notable figures from Georgia, including [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], emerged as key leaders in the [[civil rights movement]].<ref name="newgaencyclopedia" /> Atlanta was chosen to host the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], celebrating the centennial of the modern [[Olympic Games]]. Since 1945, Georgia has experienced significant population and economic expansion, aligning with the larger [[Sun Belt]] trend. Between 2007 and 2008, 14 of [[Counties of Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia's counties]] were listed among the 100 fastest-growing in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|title=Coweta is the 41st fastest growing county in United States|publisher=The Times-Herald |first1= Ellen |last1=Corker |date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213185542/http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|archive-date=December 13, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref> | In the mid-20th century, several notable figures from Georgia, including [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], emerged as key leaders in the [[civil rights movement]].<ref name="newgaencyclopedia" /> Atlanta was chosen to host the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], celebrating the centennial of the modern [[Olympic Games]]. Since 1945, Georgia has experienced significant population and economic expansion, aligning with the larger [[Sun Belt]] trend. Between 2007 and 2008, 14 of [[Counties of Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia's counties]] were listed among the 100 fastest-growing in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|title=Coweta is the 41st fastest growing county in United States|publisher=The Times-Herald |first1= Ellen |last1=Corker |date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213185542/http://www.times-herald.com/Local/Coweta-is-the-41st-fastest-growing-county-in-United-States-690912|archive-date=December 13, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Battle of Kenesaw Mountian.png|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]], 1864]] | [[File:Battle of Kenesaw Mountian.png|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]], 1864]] | ||
In early 1861, Georgia joined the | In early 1861, Georgia joined the Confederate States of America(with secessionists having a slight majority of delegates)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|title=Georgia Secession Convention of 1861|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|publisher=Georgia Humanities |first1= George |last1=Justice |date=2006 |orig-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205831/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/georgia-secession-convention-1861|archive-date=January 27, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> and became a major [[Theater (warfare)|theater]] of the Civil War. Major battles took place at [[Battle of Chickamauga|Chickamauga]], [[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain|Kennesaw Mountain]], and [[Atlanta]]. In December 1864, a large swath of the state from Atlanta to [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] was destroyed during General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]]'s [[Sherman's March to the Sea|March to the Sea]]. 18,253 Georgian soldiers died in service, roughly one of every five who served.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=unfit |url=http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |title=A Resolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065659/http://www1.legis.ga.gov/legis/2011_12/versions/hr989_LC_94_5133_a_2.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2012 |author=Georgia General Assembly |access-date=June 26, 2012 |id=11 LC 94 5133, House Resolution 989 }}</ref> In 1870, following the [[Reconstruction era]], Georgia became the last Confederate state to be restored to the [[United States|Union]]. | ||
[[File:Sign at bus terminal in Rome, Georgia.jpg|thumb|upright|"Colored" waiting room sign in 1943 for a bus terminal in [[Rome, Georgia]], where [[Jim Crow laws]] created "de jure" legally required [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]]]] | [[File:Sign at bus terminal in Rome, Georgia.jpg|thumb|upright|"Colored" waiting room sign in 1943 for a bus terminal in [[Rome, Georgia]], where [[Jim Crow laws]] created "de jure" legally required [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]]]] | ||
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The majority of the state is primarily a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. The entire state, including the [[North Georgia mountains]], receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from {{convert|45|in|mm}} in central Georgia<ref>[http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0346?from=search Monthly Averages for Macon, GA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423111441/http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0346?from=search |date=April 23, 2009 }} ''The Weather Channel''.</ref> to approximately {{convert|75|in|mm}} around the northeast part of the state.<ref>[http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0118?from=search Monthly Averages for Clayton, GA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423110858/http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0118?from=search |date=April 23, 2009 }} ''The Weather Channel''.</ref> The degree to which the weather of a certain region of Georgia is subtropical depends on the latitude, its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean or [[Gulf of Mexico]], and the elevation. The latter factor is felt chiefly in the mountainous areas of the northern part of the state, which are farther away from the ocean and can be {{convert|4500|ft|m}} above sea level. The USDA plant [[hardiness zone]]s for Georgia range from zone 6b (no colder than {{convert|-5|F}}) in the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]] to zone 8b (no colder than {{convert|15|F}} ) along the [[Atlantic]] coast and Florida border.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-georgia-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |title=Georgia USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |access-date=November 11, 2010 |archive-date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206121327/http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-georgia-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |url-status=live }}</ref> | The majority of the state is primarily a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. The entire state, including the [[North Georgia mountains]], receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from {{convert|45|in|mm}} in central Georgia<ref>[http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0346?from=search Monthly Averages for Macon, GA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423111441/http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0346?from=search |date=April 23, 2009 }} ''The Weather Channel''.</ref> to approximately {{convert|75|in|mm}} around the northeast part of the state.<ref>[http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0118?from=search Monthly Averages for Clayton, GA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423110858/http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USGA0118?from=search |date=April 23, 2009 }} ''The Weather Channel''.</ref> The degree to which the weather of a certain region of Georgia is subtropical depends on the latitude, its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean or [[Gulf of Mexico]], and the elevation. The latter factor is felt chiefly in the mountainous areas of the northern part of the state, which are farther away from the ocean and can be {{convert|4500|ft|m}} above sea level. The USDA plant [[hardiness zone]]s for Georgia range from zone 6b (no colder than {{convert|-5|F}}) in the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]] to zone 8b (no colder than {{convert|15|F}} ) along the [[Atlantic]] coast and Florida border.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-georgia-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |title=Georgia USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |access-date=November 11, 2010 |archive-date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206121327/http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-georgia-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The highest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|112|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in [[Louisville, Georgia|Louisville]] on July 24, 1952,<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/weather/wheat7.htm Each state's high temperature record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703051245/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wheat7.htm |date=July 3, 2012 }} ''USA Today, last updated August 2004''.</ref> while the lowest is {{convert|-17|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in northern [[Floyd County, Georgia|Floyd County]] on January 27, 1940.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.usatoday.com/weather/wcstates.htm| title = Each state's low temperature record| website = | The highest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|112|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in [[Louisville, Georgia|Louisville]] on July 24, 1952,<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/weather/wheat7.htm Each state's high temperature record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703051245/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wheat7.htm |date=July 3, 2012 }} ''USA Today, last updated August 2004''.</ref> while the lowest is {{convert|-17|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in northern [[Floyd County, Georgia|Floyd County]] on January 27, 1940.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.usatoday.com/weather/wcstates.htm| title = Each state's low temperature record| website = USA Today| access-date = December 28, 2017| archive-date = August 27, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120827011331/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wcstates.htm| url-status = live}} ''USA Today, last updated August 2006''</ref> Georgia is one of the leading states in frequency of [[tornado]]es, though they are rarely stronger than [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF1]]. Although tornadoes striking the city are very rare,<ref name="scientificamerican.com">{{cite web|last1=Wurman|first1=Joshua|title=Why don't tornadoes hit cities more often?|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-tornadoes-cities/|website=scientificamerican.com|access-date=June 10, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604125833/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-tornadoes-cities/|url-status=live}}</ref> an EF2 tornado<ref name="scientificamerican.com"/> hit downtown Atlanta on March 14, 2008, causing moderate to severe damage to various buildings. With a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, Georgia is also vulnerable to [[hurricane]]s, although direct hurricane strikes were rare during the 20th century. Georgia often is affected by hurricanes that strike the [[Florida Panhandle]], weaken over land, and bring strong [[tropical storm]] winds and heavy rain to the interior, a recent example being [[Hurricane Michael]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/ffc/2018_hurricane_michael|title=Hurricane Michael Hits Georgia|last=US Department of Commerce|first=NOAA|website=www.weather.gov|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505200051/https://www.weather.gov/ffc/2018_hurricane_michael|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as hurricanes that come close to the Georgia coastline, brushing the coast on their way north without ever making landfall. [[Hurricane Matthew|Hurricane Matthew of 2016]] and [[Hurricane Dorian|Hurricane Dorian of 2019]] did just that. | ||
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In the [[1980 United States census|1980 census]], 1,584,303 people from Georgia claimed [[English American|English]] ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111061729/http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |url-status=live |title=Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for Regions, Divisions and States | year = 1980 |publisher=Census |access-date=October 23, 2012}}</ref> Today, many of these same people claiming they are of "American" ancestry are actually of English descent, and some are of [[Scottish-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having "American" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominantly English ancestry.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 | title = Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America | first = Dominic J | last = Pulera | isbn = 9780826416438 | date = October 20, 2004 | publisher = A&C Black | access-date = October 16, 2015 | archive-date = January 16, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230116051127/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Reynolds | last = Farley | title = The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us? | journal = Demography | volume = 28 | number = 3 |date=August 1991 | pages = 411–29 | doi=10.2307/2061465 | pmid=1936376| jstor = 2061465 | s2cid = 41503995 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Stanley | last1 = Lieberson | first2 = Lawrence | last2 = Santi | title = The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns | journal = Social Science Research | volume = 14 | number = 1 | year = 1985 | pages = 44–6 | doi=10.1016/0049-089x(85)90011-0}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Stanley | last1 = Lieberson | first2 = Mary C | last2 = Waters | title = Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites | journal = Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science | volume = 487 | number = 79 |date=September 1986 | pages = 82–86 | doi=10.1177/0002716286487001004| s2cid = 60711423}}</ref> | In the [[1980 United States census|1980 census]], 1,584,303 people from Georgia claimed [[English American|English]] ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111061729/http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |url-status=live |title=Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for Regions, Divisions and States | year = 1980 |publisher=Census |access-date=October 23, 2012}}</ref> Today, many of these same people claiming they are of "American" ancestry are actually of English descent, and some are of [[Scottish-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having "American" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominantly English ancestry.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 | title = Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America | first = Dominic J | last = Pulera | isbn = 9780826416438 | date = October 20, 2004 | publisher = A&C Black | access-date = October 16, 2015 | archive-date = January 16, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230116051127/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Reynolds | last = Farley | title = The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us? | journal = Demography | volume = 28 | number = 3 |date=August 1991 | pages = 411–29 | doi=10.2307/2061465 | pmid=1936376| jstor = 2061465 | s2cid = 41503995 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Stanley | last1 = Lieberson | first2 = Lawrence | last2 = Santi | title = The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns | journal = Social Science Research | volume = 14 | number = 1 | year = 1985 | pages = 44–6 | doi=10.1016/0049-089x(85)90011-0}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Stanley | last1 = Lieberson | first2 = Mary C | last2 = Waters | title = Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites | journal = Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science | volume = 487 | number = 79 |date=September 1986 | pages = 82–86 | doi=10.1177/0002716286487001004| s2cid = 60711423}}</ref> | ||
Historically, about half of Georgia's population was composed of African Americans who, before the | Historically, about half of Georgia's population was composed of African Americans who, before the American Civil War, were almost exclusively enslaved. The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of hundreds of thousands of blacks from the rural South to the industrial North from 1914 to 1970 reduced the African American population.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.brookings.edu/urban/pubs/20040524_Frey.pdf |first=William H |last=Frey |title=The New Great Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000 |publisher=The Brookings Institution |date=May 2004 |access-date=May 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428042235/http://www.brookings.edu/urban/pubs/20040524_Frey.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2008}}</ref> | ||
Georgia had the second-fastest-growing Asian population growth in the U.S. from 1990 to 2000, more than doubling in size during the ten-year period.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.oca-georgia.org/AtlantaProfile.pdf |title=Atlanta |type=profile |publisher=Oca |place=GA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711094955/http://www.oca-georgia.org/AtlantaProfile.pdf |archive-date=July 11, 2009}}</ref> Indian people and Chinese people are the largest Asian groups in Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GA-2018.pdf |title=Georgia - AAPI Data |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308150150/https://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GA-2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, according to census estimates, Georgia ranks third among the states in terms of the percent of the total population that is African American (after [[Mississippi]] and [[Louisiana]]) and third in numeric Black population after New York and Florida. Georgia also has a sizeable Latino population. Many are of Mexican descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/latino-immigration/|title=Latino Immigration|access-date=November 19, 2022|archive-date=November 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119032026/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/latino-immigration/|url-status=live}}</ref> | Georgia had the second-fastest-growing Asian population growth in the U.S. from 1990 to 2000, more than doubling in size during the ten-year period.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.oca-georgia.org/AtlantaProfile.pdf |title=Atlanta |type=profile |publisher=Oca |place=GA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711094955/http://www.oca-georgia.org/AtlantaProfile.pdf |archive-date=July 11, 2009}}</ref> Indian people and Chinese people are the largest Asian groups in Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GA-2018.pdf |title=Georgia - AAPI Data |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308150150/https://aapidata.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GA-2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, according to census estimates, Georgia ranks third among the states in terms of the percent of the total population that is African American (after [[Mississippi]] and [[Louisiana]]) and third in numeric Black population after New York and Florida. Georgia also has a sizeable Latino population. Many are of Mexican descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/latino-immigration/|title=Latino Immigration|access-date=November 19, 2022|archive-date=November 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119032026/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/latino-immigration/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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In 2016, Georgia had a median annual income per person of between $50,000 and $59,999, which is in inflation-adjusted dollars for 2016. The U.S. median annual income for the entire nation is $57,617. This lies within the range of Georgia's median annual income.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2017/comm/income-map-3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718104842/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2017/comm/income-map-3.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |url-status=live |title=Census map |website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> | In 2016, Georgia had a median annual income per person of between $50,000 and $59,999, which is in inflation-adjusted dollars for 2016. The U.S. median annual income for the entire nation is $57,617. This lies within the range of Georgia's median annual income.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2017/comm/income-map-3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718104842/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2017/comm/income-map-3.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |url-status=live |title=Census map |website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> | ||
A 2024 study listed Georgia in the top 20 of states for an affordable cost of living.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huisache |first1=Sam M. |title=These are the most affordable states, according to our 2024 study |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/homefront/moving/most-affordable-states/ |access-date=12 April 2024 |work= | A 2024 study listed Georgia in the top 20 of states for an affordable cost of living.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huisache |first1=Sam M. |title=These are the most affordable states, according to our 2024 study |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/homefront/moving/most-affordable-states/ |access-date=12 April 2024 |work=USA Today |agency=Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. |date=March 14, 2024}}</ref> | ||
===Manufacturing=== | ===Manufacturing=== | ||
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The [[Atlanta metropolitan area]] is the ninth largest [[media market]] in the United States as ranked by [[Nielsen Media Research]]. The state's other top markets are [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] (95th largest), [[Augusta, Georgia|Augusta]] (115th largest), and [[Columbus, Georgia|Columbus]] (127th largest).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060517010320/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-date=May 17, 2006 |title= 210 Designated Market Areas—03–04 | publisher = Nielsen Media | access-date=February 7, 2012}}</ref> | The [[Atlanta metropolitan area]] is the ninth largest [[media market]] in the United States as ranked by [[Nielsen Media Research]]. The state's other top markets are [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] (95th largest), [[Augusta, Georgia|Augusta]] (115th largest), and [[Columbus, Georgia|Columbus]] (127th largest).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060517010320/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-date=May 17, 2006 |title= 210 Designated Market Areas—03–04 | publisher = Nielsen Media | access-date=February 7, 2012}}</ref> | ||
There are 48 [[List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)|television broadcast stations in Georgia]] including [[TBS (U.S. TV channel)|TBS]], [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]], [[Turner Classic Movies|TCM]], [[Cartoon Network]], | There are 48 [[List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)|television broadcast stations in Georgia]] including [[TBS (U.S. TV channel)|TBS]], [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]], [[Turner Classic Movies|TCM]], [[Cartoon Network]], CNN and [[Headline News]], all founded by notable Georgia resident [[Ted Turner]]. [[The Weather Channel]] also has its headquarters in Atlanta. | ||
By far, the largest daily newspaper in Georgia is the [[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] with a daily readership of 195,592 and a Sunday readership of 397,925.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2010/04/26/daily15.html |title= AJC circulation continues to fall |date= April 26, 2010 |work= Atlanta Business Chronicle |publisher= American City Business Journals |access-date= February 7, 2012 |archive-date= April 30, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100430060424/http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2010/04/26/daily15.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state |title=Georgia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331212823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state |url-status=live }}</ref> Other large dailies include ''[[The Augusta Chronicle]]'', the ''[[Ledger-Enquirer|Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'', ''[[The Telegraph (Macon)|The Telegraph]]'' (formerly ''The Macon Telegraph'') and the ''[[Savannah Morning News]]''. | By far, the largest daily newspaper in Georgia is the [[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] with a daily readership of 195,592 and a Sunday readership of 397,925.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2010/04/26/daily15.html |title= AJC circulation continues to fall |date= April 26, 2010 |work= Atlanta Business Chronicle |publisher= American City Business Journals |access-date= February 7, 2012 |archive-date= April 30, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100430060424/http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2010/04/26/daily15.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state |title=Georgia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331212823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state |url-status=live }}</ref> Other large dailies include ''[[The Augusta Chronicle]]'', the ''[[Ledger-Enquirer|Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'', ''[[The Telegraph (Macon)|The Telegraph]]'' (formerly ''The Macon Telegraph'') and the ''[[Savannah Morning News]]''. | ||
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{{See also|Political party strength in Georgia (U.S. state)}} | {{See also|Political party strength in Georgia (U.S. state)}} | ||
Georgia voted [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] in six consecutive presidential elections from [[United States presidential election in Georgia, 1996|1996]] to [[United States presidential election in Georgia, 2016|2016]], a streak that was broken when the state went for | Georgia voted [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] in six consecutive presidential elections from [[United States presidential election in Georgia, 1996|1996]] to [[United States presidential election in Georgia, 2016|2016]], a streak that was broken when the state went for Democratic candidate [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|Joe Biden]] in [[United States presidential election in Georgia, 2020|2020]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Georgia Presidential Election Results and Maps 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/results/state/georgia/president|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=CNN |archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114031540/https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/results/state/georgia/president|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Until 1964, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance, by the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], of any state in the Union. This record was established largely due to the [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchisement of most blacks]] and many poor whites by the state in its constitution and laws in the early 20th century. Some elements, such as requiring payment of poll taxes and passing literacy tests, prevented blacks from registering to vote; their exclusion from the political system lasted into the 1960s and reduced the Republican Party to a non-competitive status in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://umich.edu/~lawrace/votetour6.htm | work=Race, Voting Rights, and Segregation | publisher=University of Michigan |title=On the eve of complete Black disenfranchisement, 1900 | access-date=October 15, 2016 | archive-date=October 18, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018043625/http://umich.edu/~lawrace/votetour6.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> | Until 1964, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance, by the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], of any state in the Union. This record was established largely due to the [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchisement of most blacks]] and many poor whites by the state in its constitution and laws in the early 20th century. Some elements, such as requiring payment of poll taxes and passing literacy tests, prevented blacks from registering to vote; their exclusion from the political system lasted into the 1960s and reduced the Republican Party to a non-competitive status in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://umich.edu/~lawrace/votetour6.htm | work=Race, Voting Rights, and Segregation | publisher=University of Michigan |title=On the eve of complete Black disenfranchisement, 1900 | access-date=October 15, 2016 | archive-date=October 18, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018043625/http://umich.edu/~lawrace/votetour6.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
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In 2002, incumbent moderate Democratic Governor [[Roy Barnes]] was defeated by Republican [[Sonny Perdue]], a state legislator and former Democrat. While Democrats retained control of the State House, they lost their majority in the Senate when four Democrats switched parties. They lost the House in the 2004 election. Republicans then controlled all three partisan elements of the state government. | In 2002, incumbent moderate Democratic Governor [[Roy Barnes]] was defeated by Republican [[Sonny Perdue]], a state legislator and former Democrat. While Democrats retained control of the State House, they lost their majority in the Senate when four Democrats switched parties. They lost the House in the 2004 election. Republicans then controlled all three partisan elements of the state government. | ||
Even before 2002, the state had become increasingly supportive of Republicans in Presidential elections. It has supported a Democrat for president only four times since 1960. In 1976 and 1980, native son [[Jimmy Carter]] carried the state; in 1992, the former Arkansas governor [[Bill Clinton]] narrowly won the state; and in 2020, [[Joe Biden]] narrowly carried the state. Generally, Republicans were strongest in the predominantly white suburban (especially the Atlanta suburbs) and rural portions of the state.<ref name="CNN.com: Election 2004">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004//pages/results/states/GA/P/00/epolls.0.html |title=Election 2004 |publisher=CNN |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024041646/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004//pages/results/states/GA/P/00/epolls.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of these areas were represented by conservative Democrats in the state legislature well into the 21st century. One of the most conservative of these was U.S. Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], former head of the [[John Birch Society]], who died when the | Even before 2002, the state had become increasingly supportive of Republicans in Presidential elections. It has supported a Democrat for president only four times since 1960. In 1976 and 1980, native son [[Jimmy Carter]] carried the state; in 1992, the former Arkansas governor [[Bill Clinton]] narrowly won the state; and in 2020, [[Joe Biden]] narrowly carried the state. Generally, Republicans were strongest in the predominantly white suburban (especially the Atlanta suburbs) and rural portions of the state.<ref name="CNN.com: Election 2004">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004//pages/results/states/GA/P/00/epolls.0.html |title=Election 2004 |publisher=CNN |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024041646/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004//pages/results/states/GA/P/00/epolls.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of these areas were represented by conservative Democrats in the state legislature well into the 21st century. One of the most conservative of these was U.S. Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], former head of the [[John Birch Society]], who died when the Soviet Union shot down [[KAL 007]] near [[Sakhalin Island]]. Democratic candidates have tended to win a higher percentage of the vote in the areas where black voters are most numerous,<ref name="CNN.com: Election 2004"/> as well as in the cities among liberal urban populations (especially Atlanta and Athens), and the central and southwestern portion of the state. | ||
The ascendancy of the Republican Party in Georgia and in the South in general resulted in Georgia [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] member [[Newt Gingrich]] being elected as [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] following the election of a Republican majority in the House in 1994. Gingrich served as Speaker until 1999, when he resigned in the aftermath of the loss of House seats held by members of the GOP. Gingrich mounted an unsuccessful bid for president in the 2012 election, but withdrew after winning only the South Carolina and Georgia primaries. | The ascendancy of the Republican Party in Georgia and in the South in general resulted in Georgia [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] member [[Newt Gingrich]] being elected as [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] following the election of a Republican majority in the House in 1994. Gingrich served as Speaker until 1999, when he resigned in the aftermath of the loss of House seats held by members of the GOP. Gingrich mounted an unsuccessful bid for president in the 2012 election, but withdrew after winning only the South Carolina and Georgia primaries. | ||
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In the 21st century, many conservative Democrats, including former U.S. Senator and governor [[Zell Miller]], decided to support Republicans. The state's then-socially conservative bent resulted in wide support for measures such as restrictions on abortion. In 2004, a state constitutional amendment banning [[same-sex marriage]]s was approved by 76% of voters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Georgia_Constitutional_Amendment_1_%282004%29 |title=Georgia Marriage Amendment, Question 1 (2004) |publisher=Ballotpedia |access-date=May 22, 2010 |archive-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930081048/http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Georgia_Constitutional_Amendment_1_(2004) |url-status=live }}</ref> However, after the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'', all Georgia counties came into full compliance, recognizing the rights of same-sex couples to marry in the state.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Greg | last=Bluestein | title=Top Georgia court official: Judges are following the law on gay marriages | url=http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/06/29/top-georgia-court-official-judges-are-following-the-law-on-gay-marriages/ | publisher=Atlanta Constitution-Journal | location=Atlanta, Georgia | date=June 29, 2015 | access-date=September 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903081750/http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/06/29/top-georgia-court-official-judges-are-following-the-law-on-gay-marriages/ | archive-date=September 3, 2017 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all}}</ref> | In the 21st century, many conservative Democrats, including former U.S. Senator and governor [[Zell Miller]], decided to support Republicans. The state's then-socially conservative bent resulted in wide support for measures such as restrictions on abortion. In 2004, a state constitutional amendment banning [[same-sex marriage]]s was approved by 76% of voters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Georgia_Constitutional_Amendment_1_%282004%29 |title=Georgia Marriage Amendment, Question 1 (2004) |publisher=Ballotpedia |access-date=May 22, 2010 |archive-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930081048/http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Georgia_Constitutional_Amendment_1_(2004) |url-status=live }}</ref> However, after the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'', all Georgia counties came into full compliance, recognizing the rights of same-sex couples to marry in the state.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Greg | last=Bluestein | title=Top Georgia court official: Judges are following the law on gay marriages | url=http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/06/29/top-georgia-court-official-judges-are-following-the-law-on-gay-marriages/ | publisher=Atlanta Constitution-Journal | location=Atlanta, Georgia | date=June 29, 2015 | access-date=September 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903081750/http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/06/29/top-georgia-court-official-judges-are-following-the-law-on-gay-marriages/ | archive-date=September 3, 2017 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ||
In [[United States presidential election|presidential elections]], Georgia voted solely Democratic in every election from [[1900 United States presidential election|1900]] to [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]. In [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]], it was one of only a handful of states to vote for Republican [[Barry Goldwater]] over Democrat | In [[United States presidential election|presidential elections]], Georgia voted solely Democratic in every election from [[1900 United States presidential election|1900]] to [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]. In [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]], it was one of only a handful of states to vote for Republican [[Barry Goldwater]] over Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson. In [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], it did not vote for either of the two parties, but rather the [[American Independent Party]] and its nominee, [[Alabama]] Governor [[George Wallace]]. In [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]], the state returned to Republicans as part of a landslide victory for [[Richard Nixon]]. In [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] and [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], it voted for Democrat and former Georgia governor [[Jimmy Carter]]. The state returned to Republicans in [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] and [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]], before going Democratic once again in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]. For every election between that year and [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], Georgia voted heavily Republican, in line with many of its neighbors in the [[Deep South]]. In [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], it voted Democratic for the first time in 28 years, aiding [[Joe Biden]] in his defeat of incumbent Republican [[Donald Trump]]. | ||
Prior to 2020, Republicans in state, federal and congressional races had seen decreasing margins of victory, and many election forecasts had ranked Georgia as a "toss-up" state, or with Biden as a very narrow favorite.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/georgia-demographic-shift-vote-democrat-republican-1.5794314|title=Georgia was reliably red. Young, Black voters helped turn it blue|publisher=CBC News|first=Mark|last=Gollom|date=November 8, 2020|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=December 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216111112/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/georgia-demographic-shift-vote-democrat-republican-1.5794314|url-status=live}}</ref> Concurrent with the 2020 presidential election were two elections for both of Georgia's United States Senate seats (one of which being a special election due to the resignation of Senator [[Johnny Isakson]], and the other being regularly scheduled). After no candidate in either race received a majority of the vote, both went to January 5, 2021, run-offs, which Democrats [[Jon Ossoff]] and [[Raphael Warnock]] won. Ossoff is the state's first Jewish senator, and Warnock is the state's first Black senator. Biden's, Ossoff's, and Warnock's wins were attributed to the rapid [[Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States|diversification]] of the suburbs of Atlanta<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Emma |title=How Georgia Flipped Blue for Biden |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/11/biden-win-georgia-democrats-senate-runoff/617001/ |access-date=March 7, 2021 |work=The Atlantic |date=November 13, 2020 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113544/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/11/biden-win-georgia-democrats-senate-runoff/617001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and increased turnout of younger African American voters, particularly around the suburbs of Atlanta and in [[Savannah, Georgia]].<ref name="stacey1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/georgia-senate-runoff-black-voters-stacey-abrams|title=How Black voters lifted Georgia Democrats to Senate runoff victories|work=The Guardian|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107112639/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/georgia-senate-runoff-black-voters-stacey-abrams|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="progressive">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/02/raphael-warnock-might-be-too-radical-georgia-senate/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=December 2, 2020|title=Raphael Warnock might really be too radical for Georgia|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107010002/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/02/raphael-warnock-might-be-too-radical-georgia-senate/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="progressive2">{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/01/06/last-night-in-georgia-black-americans-saved-democracy/|title=Last night in Georgia, Black Americans saved democracy|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=January 6, 2021|publisher=The Brookings Institution|quote=Both candidates ran on progressive agendas|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224618/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/01/06/last-night-in-georgia-black-americans-saved-democracy/|url-status=live}}</ref> | Prior to 2020, Republicans in state, federal and congressional races had seen decreasing margins of victory, and many election forecasts had ranked Georgia as a "toss-up" state, or with Biden as a very narrow favorite.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/georgia-demographic-shift-vote-democrat-republican-1.5794314|title=Georgia was reliably red. Young, Black voters helped turn it blue|publisher=CBC News|first=Mark|last=Gollom|date=November 8, 2020|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=December 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216111112/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/georgia-demographic-shift-vote-democrat-republican-1.5794314|url-status=live}}</ref> Concurrent with the 2020 presidential election were two elections for both of Georgia's United States Senate seats (one of which being a special election due to the resignation of Senator [[Johnny Isakson]], and the other being regularly scheduled). After no candidate in either race received a majority of the vote, both went to January 5, 2021, run-offs, which Democrats [[Jon Ossoff]] and [[Raphael Warnock]] won. Ossoff is the state's first Jewish senator, and Warnock is the state's first Black senator. Biden's, Ossoff's, and Warnock's wins were attributed to the rapid [[Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States|diversification]] of the suburbs of Atlanta<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Emma |title=How Georgia Flipped Blue for Biden |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/11/biden-win-georgia-democrats-senate-runoff/617001/ |access-date=March 7, 2021 |work=The Atlantic |date=November 13, 2020 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113544/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/11/biden-win-georgia-democrats-senate-runoff/617001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and increased turnout of younger African American voters, particularly around the suburbs of Atlanta and in [[Savannah, Georgia]].<ref name="stacey1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/georgia-senate-runoff-black-voters-stacey-abrams|title=How Black voters lifted Georgia Democrats to Senate runoff victories|work=The Guardian|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107112639/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/georgia-senate-runoff-black-voters-stacey-abrams|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="progressive">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/02/raphael-warnock-might-be-too-radical-georgia-senate/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=December 2, 2020|title=Raphael Warnock might really be too radical for Georgia|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107010002/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/02/raphael-warnock-might-be-too-radical-georgia-senate/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="progressive2">{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/01/06/last-night-in-georgia-black-americans-saved-democracy/|title=Last night in Georgia, Black Americans saved democracy|access-date=January 7, 2021|date=January 6, 2021|publisher=The Brookings Institution|quote=Both candidates ran on progressive agendas|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224618/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/01/06/last-night-in-georgia-black-americans-saved-democracy/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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{{Main|List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)}} | {{Main|List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)}} | ||
[[Jimmy Carter]], from [[Plains, Georgia]], was President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] was born in [[Atlanta]] in 1929. He was a [[civil rights movement]] leader who protested for equal rights and against racial discrimination. He won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1964.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Georgia|last=Tieck|first=Sarah|publisher=ABDO Publishing Company|year=2013|isbn=978-1-61783-348-9|location=Minneapolis, MN|page=22}}</ref> [[Blake R. Van Leer]] played an important role in the civil rights movement, Georgia's economy and was president of [[Georgia Tech]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper= | [[Jimmy Carter]], from [[Plains, Georgia]], was President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] was born in [[Atlanta]] in 1929. He was a [[civil rights movement]] leader who protested for equal rights and against racial discrimination. He won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1964.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Georgia|last=Tieck|first=Sarah|publisher=ABDO Publishing Company|year=2013|isbn=978-1-61783-348-9|location=Minneapolis, MN|page=22}}</ref> [[Blake R. Van Leer]] played an important role in the civil rights movement, Georgia's economy and was president of [[Georgia Tech]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Blake Van Leer, Educator, Dead; Georgia Tech President Was 62—Barred Cancellation of Bowl Game Over Negro Hailed by Faculty Basketball Game Off|date=January 24, 1956}}</ref> [[Mordecai Sheftall]], the highest ranking Jewish officer in the American Revolution, was born and lived his life in Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mordecai-sheftall-1735-1797|title=Mordecai Sheftall (1735–1797)|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603025540/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mordecai-sheftall-1735-1797|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Naomi Chapman Woodruff]], originally from Idaho, was responsible for developing a peanut breeding program in Georgia which lead to a harvest of nearly five times the typical amount.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Genetics of Peanuts|url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/science-medicine/genetics-peanuts|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413215926/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/science-medicine/genetics-peanuts|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==State symbols== | ==State symbols== | ||