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{{Short description|Federal law enforcement agency of the United States}} | {{Short description|Federal law enforcement agency of the United States}} | ||
{{About||the air marshal service|Federal Air Marshal Service|the head of the U.S. Supreme Court Police|Marshal of the United States Supreme Court}} | {{About||the air marshal service|Federal Air Marshal Service|the head of the U.S. Supreme Court Police|Marshal of the United States Supreme Court}} | ||
{{ | {{Organization | ||
|OrganizationName=Marshals Service | |||
|OrganizationType= Intelligence Agencies | |||
| | |Mission= The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes. It also focuses on protecting U.S. communications networks and information systems. | ||
| | |OrganizationExecutive= Director | ||
| | |Employees= 32000 | ||
|Budget= $14.7 billion (Fiscal Year 2013) | |||
|Website=https://www.nsa.gov | |||
|Services= Signals intelligence; Cybersecurity; Information assurance | |||
| | |ParentOrganization= U.S. Department of Defense | ||
| | |CreationLegislation= National Security Council directive by President Harry S. Truman in 1952 | ||
| | |Regulations= | ||
|HeadquartersLocation= 39.107889, -76.770928 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress= 9800 Savage Road, Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755, United States | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''United States Marshals Service''' ('''USMS''') is a [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|federal law enforcement agency]] in the [[United States]]. The Marshals Service serves as the enforcement and security arm of the [[United States federal judiciary|U.S. federal judiciary]], and it is an [[Government agency|agency]] of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] and operates under the direction of the [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]].<ref>{{usc|28|561}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/jmd/organization-mission-and-functions-manual-united-states-marshals-service |title=Department of Justice Organisation, Mission and Functions Manual: United States Marshals Service |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |date=n.d. |access-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020191420/https://www.justice.gov/jmd/organization-mission-and-functions-manual-united-states-marshals-service |url-status=dead }}</ref> U.S. Marshals are the original U.S. federal law enforcement officers, created by the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] during the presidency of [[George Washington]] as the "Office of the United States Marshal" under the [[U.S. District Courts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/timeline.html|title=United States Marshals Service Historical Timeline|date=n.d.|publisher=United States Marshals Service|access-date=January 13, 2015|archive-date=January 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104021504/http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/timeline.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The USMS was established in 1969 to provide guidance and assistance to U.S. Marshals throughout the [[United States federal judicial district|federal judicial districts]]. | The '''United States Marshals Service''' ('''USMS''') is a [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|federal law enforcement agency]] in the [[United States]]. The Marshals Service serves as the enforcement and security arm of the [[United States federal judiciary|U.S. federal judiciary]], and it is an [[Government agency|agency]] of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] and operates under the direction of the [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]].<ref>{{usc|28|561}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/jmd/organization-mission-and-functions-manual-united-states-marshals-service |title=Department of Justice Organisation, Mission and Functions Manual: United States Marshals Service |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |date=n.d. |access-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020191420/https://www.justice.gov/jmd/organization-mission-and-functions-manual-united-states-marshals-service |url-status=dead }}</ref> U.S. Marshals are the original U.S. federal law enforcement officers, created by the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] during the presidency of [[George Washington]] as the "Office of the United States Marshal" under the [[U.S. District Courts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/timeline.html|title=United States Marshals Service Historical Timeline|date=n.d.|publisher=United States Marshals Service|access-date=January 13, 2015|archive-date=January 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104021504/http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/timeline.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The USMS was established in 1969 to provide guidance and assistance to U.S. Marshals throughout the [[United States federal judicial district|federal judicial districts]]. | ||
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[[File:Morgan Earp.jpg|left|180px|thumb|Deputy U.S. Marshal [[Morgan Earp]] in an 1881 photograph]] | [[File:Morgan Earp.jpg|left|180px|thumb|Deputy U.S. Marshal [[Morgan Earp]] in an 1881 photograph]] | ||
For over 100 years marshals were patronage jobs, typically controlled by the district judge. They were paid primarily by fees until a salary system was set up in 1896.<ref>{{cite web |title=United States Marshals and Their Deputies: 1789-1989 |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/who-we-are/history/historical-reading-room/lawmen-united-states-marshals-and-their-deputies-1789-1989 |website=U.S. Marshals Service |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325233229/https://www.usmarshals.gov/who-we-are/history/historical-reading-room/lawmen-united-states-marshals-and-their-deputies-1789-1989 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the first U.S. Marshals had already proven themselves in military service during the | For over 100 years marshals were patronage jobs, typically controlled by the district judge. They were paid primarily by fees until a salary system was set up in 1896.<ref>{{cite web |title=United States Marshals and Their Deputies: 1789-1989 |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/who-we-are/history/historical-reading-room/lawmen-united-states-marshals-and-their-deputies-1789-1989 |website=U.S. Marshals Service |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325233229/https://www.usmarshals.gov/who-we-are/history/historical-reading-room/lawmen-united-states-marshals-and-their-deputies-1789-1989 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the first U.S. Marshals had already proven themselves in military service during the American Revolutionary War. Among the first marshals were [[John Adams]]'s son-in-law Congressman [[William Stephens Smith]] for the District of [[New York (state)|New York]], another New York district marshal, Congressman [[Thomas Morris (New York)|Thomas Morris]], and [[Henry Dearborn]] for the [[District of Maine]]. | ||
From the nation's earliest days, marshals were permitted to recruit special deputies as local hires, or as temporary transfers to the Marshals Service from other federal law-enforcement agencies. Marshals were also authorized to swear in a [[Posse comitatus|posse]] to assist with manhunts, and other duties, ad hoc. Marshals were given extensive authority to support the federal courts within their judicial districts, and to carry out all lawful orders issued by federal judges, Congress, or the President. Federal marshals were by far the most important government officials in territorial jurisdictions. Local law enforcement officials were often called "marshals" so there is often an ambiguity whether someone was a federal or a local official. | From the nation's earliest days, marshals were permitted to recruit special deputies as local hires, or as temporary transfers to the Marshals Service from other federal law-enforcement agencies. Marshals were also authorized to swear in a [[Posse comitatus|posse]] to assist with manhunts, and other duties, ad hoc. Marshals were given extensive authority to support the federal courts within their judicial districts, and to carry out all lawful orders issued by federal judges, Congress, or the President. Federal marshals were by far the most important government officials in territorial jurisdictions. Local law enforcement officials were often called "marshals" so there is often an ambiguity whether someone was a federal or a local official. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
During the 1920s, U.S. Marshals enforced [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. Marshals registered enemy aliens in wartime, sealed the American border against armed expeditions from foreign countries, and at times during the [[Cold War]] also swapped spies with the | During the 1920s, U.S. Marshals enforced [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. Marshals registered enemy aliens in wartime, sealed the American border against armed expeditions from foreign countries, and at times during the [[Cold War]] also swapped spies with the Soviet Union. | ||
In the 1960s the marshals were on the front lines of the [[civil rights movement]], mainly providing protection to volunteers. In September 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] ordered 127 marshals to accompany [[James Meredith]], an [[African American]] who wished to register at the segregated [[University of Mississippi]]. Their presence on campus provoked riots at the university, but the marshals stood their ground, and Meredith registered. Marshals provided continuous protection to Meredith during his first year at Ole Miss, and Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] later proudly displayed a deputy marshal's dented helmet in his office. U.S. Marshals also protected black school children integrating public schools in the South. Artist [[Norman Rockwell]]'s famous painting ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'' depicted a tiny [[Ruby Bridges]] being escorted by four towering United States Marshals in 1964. | In the 1960s the marshals were on the front lines of the [[civil rights movement]], mainly providing protection to volunteers. In September 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] ordered 127 marshals to accompany [[James Meredith]], an [[African American]] who wished to register at the segregated [[University of Mississippi]]. Their presence on campus provoked riots at the university, but the marshals stood their ground, and Meredith registered. Marshals provided continuous protection to Meredith during his first year at Ole Miss, and Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] later proudly displayed a deputy marshal's dented helmet in his office. U.S. Marshals also protected black school children integrating public schools in the South. Artist [[Norman Rockwell]]'s famous painting ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'' depicted a tiny [[Ruby Bridges]] being escorted by four towering United States Marshals in 1964. | ||
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Until 1965, each U.S. district court hired and administered its own marshals independently from all others. In 1965, the Executive Office for U.S. Marshals, was created as "the first organization to supervise U.S. Marshals nationwide". The United States Marshals Service, a federal agency, was created in 1969.<ref name="Archives1">{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/527.html |title=Records of the United States Marshals Service |access-date=June 9, 2010 |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |archive-date=June 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621115928/http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/527.html |url-status=live }} {{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/duties/factsheets/general-1209.html |title=''Fact Sheets: General Information'' |access-date=June 26, 2010 |publisher=U.S. Marshals Service |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527151643/http://www.usmarshals.gov/duties/factsheets/general-1209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/jmd/mps/manual/usms.htm |title=United States Marshals Service |date=August 13, 2007 |access-date=June 9, 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527203210/http://www.justice.gov/jmd/mps/manual/usms.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since June 1975, the Marshals Service has the mission of providing law enforcement support and escort security to [[United States Air Force]] [[LGM-30 Minuteman]] and missile systems from military facilities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turk |first1=David S. |title=Forging the star : the official modern history of the United States Marshals Service |date=2016 |publisher=University of North Texas Press |location=Denton, Texas |isbn=9781574416541}}</ref> | Until 1965, each U.S. district court hired and administered its own marshals independently from all others. In 1965, the Executive Office for U.S. Marshals, was created as "the first organization to supervise U.S. Marshals nationwide". The United States Marshals Service, a federal agency, was created in 1969.<ref name="Archives1">{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/527.html |title=Records of the United States Marshals Service |access-date=June 9, 2010 |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |archive-date=June 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621115928/http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/527.html |url-status=live }} {{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/duties/factsheets/general-1209.html |title=''Fact Sheets: General Information'' |access-date=June 26, 2010 |publisher=U.S. Marshals Service |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527151643/http://www.usmarshals.gov/duties/factsheets/general-1209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/jmd/mps/manual/usms.htm |title=United States Marshals Service |date=August 13, 2007 |access-date=June 9, 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527203210/http://www.justice.gov/jmd/mps/manual/usms.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since June 1975, the Marshals Service has the mission of providing law enforcement support and escort security to [[United States Air Force]] [[LGM-30 Minuteman]] and missile systems from military facilities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turk |first1=David S. |title=Forging the star : the official modern history of the United States Marshals Service |date=2016 |publisher=University of North Texas Press |location=Denton, Texas |isbn=9781574416541}}</ref> | ||
In 1985, the Marshals Service partnered with local Washington, D.C. law enforcement officers to create [[Operation Flagship]], arresting fugitives by using faked free tickets to a local American football game as a lure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Emery |first=Debbie |date=2017-09-12 |title=ESPN's '30 for 30' Short 'Strike Team' Recalls How US Marshals Lured Fugitives With NFL Tickets |url=https://www.thewrap.com/espns-30-for-30-film-strike-team-recalls-how-us-marshals-lured-fugitives-with-nfl-tickets/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301194818/https://www.thewrap.com/espns-30-for-30-film-strike-team-recalls-how-us-marshals-lured-fugitives-with-nfl-tickets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1989, the Marshals Service was given jurisdiction over crimes committed relating to U.S. personnel in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/antarctica/ |title=U.S. Marshals make legal presence in Antarctica |access-date=January 8, 2007 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205115539/http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/antarctica/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], 200 deputy marshals of the [[Police tactical unit|tactical unit]] [[#Special Operations Group|Special Operations Group]] were dispatched to assist local and state authorities in restoring peace and order throughout [[Los Angeles County, California]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-king-case-aftermath-a-city-in-crisis-19920502-story.html |title=King case aftermath: A city in crisis |first1=Paul |last1=Lieberman |first2=Dean E. |last2=Murphy |date=May 2, 1992 |work= | In 1985, the Marshals Service partnered with local Washington, D.C. law enforcement officers to create [[Operation Flagship]], arresting fugitives by using faked free tickets to a local American football game as a lure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Emery |first=Debbie |date=2017-09-12 |title=ESPN's '30 for 30' Short 'Strike Team' Recalls How US Marshals Lured Fugitives With NFL Tickets |url=https://www.thewrap.com/espns-30-for-30-film-strike-team-recalls-how-us-marshals-lured-fugitives-with-nfl-tickets/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301194818/https://www.thewrap.com/espns-30-for-30-film-strike-team-recalls-how-us-marshals-lured-fugitives-with-nfl-tickets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1989, the Marshals Service was given jurisdiction over crimes committed relating to U.S. personnel in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/antarctica/ |title=U.S. Marshals make legal presence in Antarctica |access-date=January 8, 2007 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205115539/http://www.usmarshals.gov/history/antarctica/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], 200 deputy marshals of the [[Police tactical unit|tactical unit]] [[#Special Operations Group|Special Operations Group]] were dispatched to assist local and state authorities in restoring peace and order throughout [[Los Angeles County, California]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-king-case-aftermath-a-city-in-crisis-19920502-story.html |title=King case aftermath: A city in crisis |first1=Paul |last1=Lieberman |first2=Dean E. |last2=Murphy |date=May 2, 1992 |work=Los Angeles Times |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221085634/https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-king-case-aftermath-a-city-in-crisis-19920502-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1990s, deputy marshals protected abortion clinics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/02/us/marshals-sent-to-a-dozen-abortion-clinics-in-drive-to-halt-violence.html |title=Marshals Sent to a Dozen Abortion Clinics in Drive to Halt Violence |work=The New York Times |first=David |last=Johnston |date=August 2, 1994 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926111059/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/02/us/marshals-sent-to-a-dozen-abortion-clinics-in-drive-to-halt-violence.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/08/02/us-marshals-dispatched-to-guard-abortion-clinics/80067334-dd30-4a0a-9a00-bfa438da968a/ |title=U.S. Marshals Dispatched to Guard Abortion Clinics |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Pierre |last=Thomas |author-link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |date= August 2, 1994 |access-date=September 26, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/30/us/judge-orders-us-marshals-to-prevent-closing-of-abortion-clinics.html |title=Judge Orders U.S. Marshals to Prevent Closing of Abortion Clinics |work=The New York Times |date=July 30, 1991 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |agency=Associated Press |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926111056/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/30/us/judge-orders-us-marshals-to-prevent-closing-of-abortion-clinics.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
===21st century=== | ===21st century=== | ||
Marshals have protected American athletes at [[Olympic Games]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Preparing for the World: Homeland Security and Winter Olympics |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |website=The White House |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=10 January 2002 |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604051021/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[refugee]] boy [[Elián González]] before his return to [[Cuba]] in 2000,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragg |first1=Rick |title=The Elian Gonzalez Case: The Overview; Cuban Boy Seized by U.S. Agents and Reunited With His Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work= | Marshals have protected American athletes at [[Olympic Games]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Preparing for the World: Homeland Security and Winter Olympics |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |website=The White House |access-date=25 March 2023 |date=10 January 2002 |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604051021/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020110-7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[refugee]] boy [[Elián González]] before his return to [[Cuba]] in 2000,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragg |first1=Rick |title=The Elian Gonzalez Case: The Overview; Cuban Boy Seized by U.S. Agents and Reunited With His Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=23 April 2000 |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227114031/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/23/us/elian-gonzalez-case-overview-cuban-boy-seized-us-agents-reunited-with-his-father.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[abortion]] clinics<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/01/us-shooting-abortion-doctor-rightwing-militia?CMP=gu_com |title=Security stepped up at abortion clinics in US after killing of Dr George Tiller |work=The Guardian |first=Chris |last=McGreal |date=June 1, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926105822/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/01/us-shooting-abortion-doctor-rightwing-militia?CMP=gu_com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2009/05/31/attorney-general-directs-us-marshals-to-protect-abortion-clinics-providers/ |title=Attorney general directs U.S. marshals to protect abortion clinics, providers |publisher=Colorado Independent |first=Ernest |last=Luning |date=May 31, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926105834/https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2009/05/31/attorney-general-directs-us-marshals-to-protect-abortion-clinics-providers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as required by federal law. In 2003, Marshals retrieved North Carolina's copy of the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History in Custody: The U.S. Marshals Service Takes Possession of North Carolina's Copy of the Bill of Rights |date=June 19, 2020 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/history/north_carolina_bill_of_rights.htm |access-date=January 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125155807/https://www.usmarshals.gov/history/north_carolina_bill_of_rights.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
In 2002, the Marshals Service was tasked by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) to provide protective security and law enforcement capabilities in the protection of the [[Strategic National Stockpile]] (SNS), such as warehouses, materiel and CDC personnel during deployment. Marshals also provide secure transportation of critical medical supplies and bio-terrorism response resources throughout the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/pubs/pub99.pdf |title=Operations Support Division |access-date=January 7, 2018 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211224849/https://www.usmarshals.gov//pubs/pub99.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Senior Inspectors of the U.S. Marshals Service SNS Security Operations (SNSSO) Program have deployed to [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005 and responded during the [[H1N1 flu (outbreak in the US)|H1N1 flu pandemic]] in 2009. SNSSO Senior Inspectors have also staffed [[National Security Special Event]]s (NSSE) with their state, local and other federal partners on a regular basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |title=The U.S. Marshals Service, Strategic National Stockpile Security Operations |access-date=January 7, 2018 |magazine=Sheriff Magazine |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061054/http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |url-status=live }}</ref> | In 2002, the Marshals Service was tasked by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) to provide protective security and law enforcement capabilities in the protection of the [[Strategic National Stockpile]] (SNS), such as warehouses, materiel and CDC personnel during deployment. Marshals also provide secure transportation of critical medical supplies and bio-terrorism response resources throughout the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/pubs/pub99.pdf |title=Operations Support Division |access-date=January 7, 2018 |publisher=United States Marshals Service |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211224849/https://www.usmarshals.gov//pubs/pub99.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Senior Inspectors of the U.S. Marshals Service SNS Security Operations (SNSSO) Program have deployed to [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005 and responded during the [[H1N1 flu (outbreak in the US)|H1N1 flu pandemic]] in 2009. SNSSO Senior Inspectors have also staffed [[National Security Special Event]]s (NSSE) with their state, local and other federal partners on a regular basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |title=The U.S. Marshals Service, Strategic National Stockpile Security Operations |access-date=January 7, 2018 |magazine=Sheriff Magazine |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061054/http://www.ourdigitalmags.com/display_article.php?id=1762258&view=217704 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
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In 2006, the Sex Offenders Investigations Branch (SOIB) was formed on July 27 with the passage of the [[Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act]] (AWA). The SOIB carries out the USMS's three principal responsibilities under the AWA: assist state, local, tribal and territorial authorities in the location and apprehension of non-compliant and fugitive sex offenders; investigate violations of the act for federal prosecution, and assist in the identification and location of sex offenders relocated as a result of a major disaster. To ensure the safety of communities and children across the country, the USMS has implemented an aggressive enforcement strategy for its responsibilities under the AWA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/index.html|title=U.S. Marshals Service|first=U. S. Marshals|last=Service (USMS)|website=www.usmarshals.gov|access-date=February 11, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220416/https://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This branch apprehends sex offenders, primarily those who prey on minors. Offenders are apprehended due to failure to register, among other things. | In 2006, the Sex Offenders Investigations Branch (SOIB) was formed on July 27 with the passage of the [[Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act]] (AWA). The SOIB carries out the USMS's three principal responsibilities under the AWA: assist state, local, tribal and territorial authorities in the location and apprehension of non-compliant and fugitive sex offenders; investigate violations of the act for federal prosecution, and assist in the identification and location of sex offenders relocated as a result of a major disaster. To ensure the safety of communities and children across the country, the USMS has implemented an aggressive enforcement strategy for its responsibilities under the AWA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/index.html|title=U.S. Marshals Service|first=U. S. Marshals|last=Service (USMS)|website=www.usmarshals.gov|access-date=February 11, 2021|archive-date=October 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220416/https://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This branch apprehends sex offenders, primarily those who prey on minors. Offenders are apprehended due to failure to register, among other things. | ||
In February 2017, Marshals began providing protective security to [[United States Secretary of Education]] [[Betsy DeVos]], the first time since 2009 that a [[United States Cabinet]]-level official has been provided security by the Marshals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Douglas-Gabriel |first1=Danielle |last2=Brown |first2=Emma |title=Betsy DeVos being guarded by U.S. Marshals Service |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/betsy-devos-is-now-being-guarded-by-us-marshals/2017/02/17/7dc341f4-f54b-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220172556/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/betsy-devos-is-now-being-guarded-by-us-marshals/2017/02/17/7dc341f4-f54b-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Marshals were deployed to keep order in [[Washington, D.C.]] during the [[George Floyd protests]] on May 31, 2020,<ref>{{cite news |title=Fires, Looting, Tear Gas: DC in Turmoil Following 3rd Night of Protests |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/3rd-day-george-floyd-protests-washington-dc/2318177/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=NBC4 Washington |agency= | In February 2017, Marshals began providing protective security to [[United States Secretary of Education]] [[Betsy DeVos]], the first time since 2009 that a [[United States Cabinet]]-level official has been provided security by the Marshals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Douglas-Gabriel |first1=Danielle |last2=Brown |first2=Emma |title=Betsy DeVos being guarded by U.S. Marshals Service |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/betsy-devos-is-now-being-guarded-by-us-marshals/2017/02/17/7dc341f4-f54b-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220172556/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/betsy-devos-is-now-being-guarded-by-us-marshals/2017/02/17/7dc341f4-f54b-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Marshals were deployed to keep order in [[Washington, D.C.]] during the [[George Floyd protests]] on May 31, 2020,<ref>{{cite news |title=Fires, Looting, Tear Gas: DC in Turmoil Following 3rd Night of Protests |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/3rd-day-george-floyd-protests-washington-dc/2318177/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=NBC4 Washington |agency=Associated Press |date=1 June 2020 |quote="In a rare move, US Marshals and DEA agents were activated to assist police." |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320125931/https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/3rd-day-george-floyd-protests-washington-dc/2318177/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as during the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]].<ref>{{Cite web|last2=Mangan|first1=Amanda |last1=Macias |first2=Dan|date=2021-01-06|title=U.S. Capitol secured hours after pro-Trump rioters invade Congress |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html|access-date=2021-01-07|website=[[CNBC]]|language=en|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107030000/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On April 29, 2024, in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], one Marshal, two Department of Adult Corrections officers, and one local police officer on a task force [[2024 Charlotte shootout|were killed]] serving a warrant on a man for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Four [[Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department]] officers were wounded.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/charlotte-north-carolina-shooting-police-42d3e25ec6ec990634c9ac209e0f779a | title=4 law officers serving warrant are killed, 4 wounded in shootout at North Carolina home, police say | website=[[Associated Press News]] | date=April 29, 2024 }}</ref> | On April 29, 2024, in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], one Marshal, two Department of Adult Corrections officers, and one local police officer on a task force [[2024 Charlotte shootout|were killed]] serving a warrant on a man for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Four [[Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department]] officers were wounded.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/charlotte-north-carolina-shooting-police-42d3e25ec6ec990634c9ac209e0f779a | title=4 law officers serving warrant are killed, 4 wounded in shootout at North Carolina home, police say | website=[[Associated Press News]] | date=April 29, 2024 }}</ref> | ||
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The Major Case Fugitive Program was established in 1985 in an effort to supplement the successful 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program. Much like the 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program, the Major Case Fugitive Program prioritizes the investigation and apprehension of high-profile offenders who are considered to be some of the country's most dangerous individuals. All escapes from custody are automatically elevated to Major Case status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/major_cases/index.html |title=Current U.S. Marshals Service Major Case Fugitives |publisher=United States Marshals Service |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064939/http://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/major_cases/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The Major Case Fugitive Program was established in 1985 in an effort to supplement the successful 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program. Much like the 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program, the Major Case Fugitive Program prioritizes the investigation and apprehension of high-profile offenders who are considered to be some of the country's most dangerous individuals. All escapes from custody are automatically elevated to Major Case status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/major_cases/index.html |title=Current U.S. Marshals Service Major Case Fugitives |publisher=United States Marshals Service |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064939/http://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/major_cases/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
'' | ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported on November 14, 2014, that the Marshals Service's Technical Operations Group utilizes a so-called [[Dirtbox (cell phone)|dirtbox]] to track fugitives.<ref name=wsj>{{cite news |first=Devlin |last=Barrett |title=Americans' Cellphones Targeted in Secret U.S. Spy Program |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/americans-cellphones-targeted-in-secret-u-s-spy-program-1415917533 |access-date=November 14, 2014 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=November 13, 2014 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=November 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116162639/http://online.wsj.com/articles/americans-cellphones-targeted-in-secret-u-s-spy-program-1415917533 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
===Special Operations Group=== | ===Special Operations Group=== | ||
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The Office of Protective Operations (OPO) is the United States Marshals Service's preeminent expert on physical protection. OPO provides [[Subject-matter expert|subject matter expertise]], guidance, and direct action support to district offices on high-threat/-profile proceedings and risk-/threat-based protective operations. The footprint is national, covering all twelve [[Federal circuit courts|federal judicial circuits]] across the country,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/judicial/|title=U.S. Marshals Service|last=Service (USMS)|first=U. S. Marshals|website=www.usmarshals.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816092734/https://www.usmarshals.gov/judicial/|url-status=live}}</ref> with the ability to project globally. | The Office of Protective Operations (OPO) is the United States Marshals Service's preeminent expert on physical protection. OPO provides [[Subject-matter expert|subject matter expertise]], guidance, and direct action support to district offices on high-threat/-profile proceedings and risk-/threat-based protective operations. The footprint is national, covering all twelve [[Federal circuit courts|federal judicial circuits]] across the country,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/judicial/|title=U.S. Marshals Service|last=Service (USMS)|first=U. S. Marshals|website=www.usmarshals.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816092734/https://www.usmarshals.gov/judicial/|url-status=live}}</ref> with the ability to project globally. | ||
Currently, the OPO is responsible for two permanent risk-based protection details for the [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] (DAG) and the [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]] (SecEd), respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/417087-millions-being-spent-on-us-marshals-service-security-detail-for-devos|title=Millions being spent on U.S. Marshals Service security detail for DeVos: report|last=Folley|first=Aris|date=2018-11-16|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823205446/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/417087-millions-being-spent-on-us-marshals-service-security-detail-for-devos|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="David Shortell">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/26/politics/rosenstein-deputy-marshals-rescue-fentanyl-overdose/index.html|title=Deputy US marshals on Rosenstein security team save woman after fentanyl overdose|first=David|last=Shortell|website= | Currently, the OPO is responsible for two permanent risk-based protection details for the [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] (DAG) and the [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]] (SecEd), respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/417087-millions-being-spent-on-us-marshals-service-security-detail-for-devos|title=Millions being spent on U.S. Marshals Service security detail for DeVos: report|last=Folley|first=Aris|date=2018-11-16|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823205446/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/417087-millions-being-spent-on-us-marshals-service-security-detail-for-devos|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="David Shortell">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/26/politics/rosenstein-deputy-marshals-rescue-fentanyl-overdose/index.html|title=Deputy US marshals on Rosenstein security team save woman after fentanyl overdose|first=David|last=Shortell|website=CNN|date=April 26, 2018|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823211620/https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/26/politics/rosenstein-deputy-marshals-rescue-fentanyl-overdose/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
These Senior Inspectors routinely deploy across the U.S. and around the globe to protect the DAG<ref name="David Shortell"/> and Secretary of Education. They lead security for [[Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States|nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court]] through the pendency of the nomination, which are often fraught with threats of violence and protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/kavanaugh-sexual-assault-allegation-dle/h_eb6b78dccbaf05cf86e3a760037d46f4|title=US Marshals investigating threats against Kavanaugh and his family|date=2018-09-21|work= | These Senior Inspectors routinely deploy across the U.S. and around the globe to protect the DAG<ref name="David Shortell"/> and Secretary of Education. They lead security for [[Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States|nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court]] through the pendency of the nomination, which are often fraught with threats of violence and protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/kavanaugh-sexual-assault-allegation-dle/h_eb6b78dccbaf05cf86e3a760037d46f4|title=US Marshals investigating threats against Kavanaugh and his family|date=2018-09-21|work=CNN|last=de Vogue|first=Ariane|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823215457/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/kavanaugh-sexual-assault-allegation-dle/h_eb6b78dccbaf05cf86e3a760037d46f4|url-status=live}}</ref> They also provide security for sitting U.S. Supreme Court Justices, when those Justices are farther than 50 miles from Washington, D.C., where the [[Supreme Court Police|U.S. Supreme Court Police]] have statutory protection authority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2004/05/who-protects-david-souter.html|title=Who protects David Souter?|last=Koerner|first=Brendan|date=2004-05-03|website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823210923/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2004/05/who-protects-david-souter.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://securitytoday.com/articles/2018/10/10/securing-the-supreme-court.aspx|title=Securing the Supreme Court|last=Jensen|first=Ralph C.|date=2018-10-10|website=Security Today|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823210917/https://securitytoday.com/articles/2018/10/10/securing-the-supreme-court.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/policy/group-raises-concern-about-protecting-supreme-court-justices|title=Supreme Court Justices Make Their Own Security Choices, Documents Reveal|last1=Ruger|first1=Todd|date=2018-03-14|access-date=2019-08-23|language=en|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823210914/https://www.rollcall.com/news/policy/group-raises-concern-about-protecting-supreme-court-justices|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, they develop a deep expertise in protective operations and partner extensively with the [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]], [[Diplomatic Security Service]], along with local, state, federal, and foreign law enforcement and security agencies. | ||
In 2019, the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] investigated the feasibility of shifting protective responsibility for many government officials to the U.S. Marshals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/21/politics/us-marshals-cabinet-security/index.html|title=Trump admin wants US Marshals to take over security for Cabinet heads|first1=Rene|last1=Marsh|first2=Mary Kay|last2=Mallonee|first3=Josh|last3=Campbell|first4=Eli|last4=Watkins|website= | In 2019, the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] investigated the feasibility of shifting protective responsibility for many government officials to the U.S. Marshals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/21/politics/us-marshals-cabinet-security/index.html|title=Trump admin wants US Marshals to take over security for Cabinet heads|first1=Rene|last1=Marsh|first2=Mary Kay|last2=Mallonee|first3=Josh|last3=Campbell|first4=Eli|last4=Watkins|website=CNN|date=June 21, 2018|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823210914/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/21/politics/us-marshals-cabinet-security/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/us-marshals-cabinet-security_n_5c86b359e4b0ed0a0016389b|title=Trump Administration Wants To Study Idea Of U.S. Marshals Taking Over Cabinet Security|last=Reilly|first=Ryan J.|date=2019-03-11|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823210918/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/us-marshals-cabinet-security_n_5c86b359e4b0ed0a0016389b|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==Training and equipment== | ==Training and equipment== | ||
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===Surveillance airplanes=== | ===Surveillance airplanes=== | ||
The U.S. Marshals Service has planes registered under a [[front company]] named Early Detection Alarm Systems, which has an address of a [[UPS Store]] mailbox in [[Spring, Texas]]. This operation has been in place since at least 2007, and by 2014 were based in five airports across the country.<ref name="buzz_USFe"/><ref name="wsjtgt">{{Cite news |title=Americans' Cellphones Targeted in Secret U.S. Spy Program |last=Barrett |first=Devlin |work= | The U.S. Marshals Service has planes registered under a [[front company]] named Early Detection Alarm Systems, which has an address of a [[UPS Store]] mailbox in [[Spring, Texas]]. This operation has been in place since at least 2007, and by 2014 were based in five airports across the country.<ref name="buzz_USFe"/><ref name="wsjtgt">{{Cite news |title=Americans' Cellphones Targeted in Secret U.S. Spy Program |last=Barrett |first=Devlin |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/americans-cellphones-targeted-in-secret-u-s-spy-program-1415917533 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=March 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200304190558/https://www.wsj.com/articles/americans-cellphones-targeted-in-secret-u-s-spy-program-1415917533?mod=article_inline |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wsjdefend">{{Cite news |title=U.S. Defends Marshals in Wake of Secret Cellphone Spying Report |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Nagesh |first2=Gautham |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-dept-defends-u-s-marshals-in-wake-of-secret-cellphone-spy-report-1415980141 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200626174530/https://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-dept-defends-u-s-marshals-in-wake-of-secret-cellphone-spy-report-1415980141 |archive-date=June 26, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="docu_edas">{{Cite web |title=Marshals Plane Registration |author=Peter Aldhous |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] via documentcloud.org |date=27 July 2011 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902584-Marshals-Plane-Registration.html |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627044134/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902584-Marshals-Plane-Registration.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The planes tend to fly in a tight circle; GPS/radio trackers, cameras, video recorder, and video transmitter installations are documented. It is also presumed to include an [[IMSI-catcher]] such as the [[Stingray phone tracker]] or the [[Dirtbox (cell phone)|Boeing DRTbox (Dirtbox)]], which are used by the Marshals' Technical Operations Group.<ref name="buzz_USFe">{{Cite web |title=US Federal Agents Flew A Secret Spy Plane To Hunt Drug Cartel Leaders In Mexico |author=Peter Aldhous |author2=Karla Zabludovsky |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=3 August 2017 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/us-marshals-spy-plane-over-mexico |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627070458/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/us-marshals-spy-plane-over-mexico |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wsjtgt"/><ref name="wsjdefend"/><ref name="docu_Mars">{{Cite web |title=Marshals Plane Mexico |author=Peter Aldhous |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] via documentcloud.org |date=24 May 2012 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902581-Marshals-Plane-Mexico.html#document/p3/a365008 |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624223756/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902581-Marshals-Plane-Mexico.html#document/p3/a365008 |url-status=live }}</ref> | The planes tend to fly in a tight circle; GPS/radio trackers, cameras, video recorder, and video transmitter installations are documented. It is also presumed to include an [[IMSI-catcher]] such as the [[Stingray phone tracker]] or the [[Dirtbox (cell phone)|Boeing DRTbox (Dirtbox)]], which are used by the Marshals' Technical Operations Group.<ref name="buzz_USFe">{{Cite web |title=US Federal Agents Flew A Secret Spy Plane To Hunt Drug Cartel Leaders In Mexico |author=Peter Aldhous |author2=Karla Zabludovsky |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=3 August 2017 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/us-marshals-spy-plane-over-mexico |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627070458/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/us-marshals-spy-plane-over-mexico |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wsjtgt"/><ref name="wsjdefend"/><ref name="docu_Mars">{{Cite web |title=Marshals Plane Mexico |author=Peter Aldhous |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] via documentcloud.org |date=24 May 2012 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902581-Marshals-Plane-Mexico.html#document/p3/a365008 |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624223756/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3902581-Marshals-Plane-Mexico.html#document/p3/a365008 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
; Observed locations of U.S. Marshals planes: | ; Observed locations of U.S. Marshals planes: | ||
* [[Mexico]] states of [[Sinaloa]] and [[Durango]] during April–May, July, and November 2017, including during the capture of a [[Sinaloa Cartel]] member in [[El Dorado, Sinaloa]] on May 1, 2017<ref name="buzz_USFe"/><ref name="wsjdress">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Marshals Service Personnel Dressed as Mexican Marines Pursue Cartel Bosses |last=Barrett |first=Devlin |work= | * [[Mexico]] states of [[Sinaloa]] and [[Durango]] during April–May, July, and November 2017, including during the capture of a [[Sinaloa Cartel]] member in [[El Dorado, Sinaloa]] on May 1, 2017<ref name="buzz_USFe"/><ref name="wsjdress">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Marshals Service Personnel Dressed as Mexican Marines Pursue Cartel Bosses |last=Barrett |first=Devlin |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-marshals-service-personnel-dressed-as-mexican-marines-pursue-drug-cartel-bosses-1416595305 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200620044414/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-marshals-service-personnel-dressed-as-mexican-marines-pursue-drug-cartel-bosses-1416595305 |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
* [[Guatemala]]<ref name="wsjdress"/> | * [[Guatemala]]<ref name="wsjdress"/> | ||
* Carver Shores, Orlando, Florida, January 2017<ref name="buzz_USFe"/> | * Carver Shores, Orlando, Florida, January 2017<ref name="buzz_USFe"/> | ||
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[[File:U.S. Marshals knock and announce.jpg|thumb|Deputy U.S. Marshals and [[Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department]] officers during a "[[knock-and-announce]]" procedure]] | [[File:U.S. Marshals knock and announce.jpg|thumb|Deputy U.S. Marshals and [[Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department]] officers during a "[[knock-and-announce]]" procedure]] | ||
The Marshals Service is based in | The Marshals Service is based in Arlington County, Virginia, and, under the authority of the [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], is headed by a director, who is assisted by a deputy director. The Director is supervised by the Deputy Attorney General. The Marshals Service headquarters provides command, control, and cooperation for the disparate elements of the service. | ||
===Headquarters=== | ===Headquarters=== | ||
* Director of the U.S. Marshals Service | * Director of the U.S. Marshals Service | ||
Chief of Staff | |||
* Office of General Counsel | |||
* Office of Equal Employment Opportunity | |||
Deputy Director of the U.S. Marshals Service | |||
* Chief of District Affairs | |||
* Office of Professional Responsibility | |||
Associate Director for Operations | |||
* Judicial Security Division | |||
[[#Office of Protective Operations|Office of Protective Operations]] | |||
* [[#Office of Protective Operations|Deputy Attorney General's Protection Detail]] | |||
* [[#Office of Protective Operations|Secretary of Education's Protection Detail]] | |||
* Investigative Operations Division | |||
* Witness Security Division | |||
* Tactical Operations Division | |||
* Prisoner Operations Division | |||
* [[Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System]] | |||
Chief Financial Officer | |||
* Financial Services Division | |||
Associate Director for Administration | |||
* Training Division | |||
* Human Resources Division | |||
* Information Technology Division | |||
* Office of Public and Congressional Affairs | |||
* Management Support Division | |||
* Asset Forfeiture Division | |||
===Federal judicial districts=== | ===Federal judicial districts=== | ||
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===Inspectors=== | ===Inspectors=== | ||
The Marshal Service has the positions of Inspector,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|title=Inside the US Marshals' Secretive, Deadly Detention Empire|publisher=prisonlegalnews.org|date=3 March 2020|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174639/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Inspector<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|title=Duties|publisher=usmashals.gov|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174635/https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weichselbaum |first1=Simone |last2=McClendon |first2=Sachi |last3=Garcia |first3=Uriel J. |title=US marshals act like local police, but with more violence and less accountability |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work= | The Marshal Service has the positions of Inspector,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|title=Inside the US Marshals' Secretive, Deadly Detention Empire|publisher=prisonlegalnews.org|date=3 March 2020|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174639/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/mar/3/inside-us-marshals-secretive-deadly-detention-empire/|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Inspector<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|title=Duties|publisher=usmashals.gov|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174635/https://www.usmarshals.gov/careers/duties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weichselbaum |first1=Simone |last2=McClendon |first2=Sachi |last3=Garcia |first3=Uriel J. |title=US marshals act like local police, but with more violence and less accountability |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=USA Today |date=11 February 2021 |language=en-us |archive-date=March 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309210014/https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2021/02/11/investigation-us-marshals-kill-more-people-but-face-less-scrutiny/4397533001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Chief Inspector,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marusak |first1=Joe |last2=Alexander |first2=Ames |title=Deputy US Marshal who shot, killed Frankie Jennings won't face charges, Meck DA says |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article252445253.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=29 June 2021 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174634/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article252445253.html |url-status=live }}</ref> depending on the duties and position to which a Deputy Marshal has been assigned to. | ||
This title was created for promotions within the service usually for senior non-supervisory personnel. Senior Deputy Marshals assigned to regional fugitive task forces or working in special assignments requiring highly skilled criminal investigators often receive the title Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Operational non-supervisory employees assigned to the Witness Protection Program are given the title Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Deputy Marshals assigned to the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) department within the USMS also hold the title of Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Senior Inspectors receive a [[GS-13]] pay grade level.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | This title was created for promotions within the service usually for senior non-supervisory personnel. Senior Deputy Marshals assigned to regional fugitive task forces or working in special assignments requiring highly skilled criminal investigators often receive the title Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Operational non-supervisory employees assigned to the Witness Protection Program are given the title Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Deputy Marshals assigned to the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) department within the USMS also hold the title of Senior Inspector.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Senior Inspectors receive a [[GS-13]] pay grade level.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
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* [[Wyatt Earp]] (1848–1929), Deputy U.S. Marshal (appointed to his brother Virgil Earp's place by the Arizona Territorial Governor) | * [[Wyatt Earp]] (1848–1929), Deputy U.S. Marshal (appointed to his brother Virgil Earp's place by the Arizona Territorial Governor) | ||
* [[Frank Eaton]] (1860–1958), Deputy U.S. Marshal for Judge [[Isaac C. Parker]], author, cowboy, scout, Indian fighter, and mascot for Oklahoma State University ("Pistol Pete") | * [[Frank Eaton]] (1860–1958), Deputy U.S. Marshal for Judge [[Isaac C. Parker]], author, cowboy, scout, Indian fighter, and mascot for Oklahoma State University ("Pistol Pete") | ||
* [[Richard Griffith (general)|Richard Griffith]] (1814–1862), [[brigadier general (CSA)|Brigadier General]] for the | * [[Richard Griffith (general)|Richard Griffith]] (1814–1862), [[brigadier general (CSA)|Brigadier General]] for the Confederate States of Americaduring the Civil War | ||
* [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (1837–1876), noted Western lawman; served as a Deputy U.S. Marshal at [[Fort Riley, Kansas]] 1867–1869 | * [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (1837–1876), noted Western lawman; served as a Deputy U.S. Marshal at [[Fort Riley, Kansas]] 1867–1869 | ||
* [[Ward Hill Lamon]] (1826–1893), friend, and frequent bodyguard of President | * [[Ward Hill Lamon]] (1826–1893), friend, and frequent bodyguard of President Abraham Lincoln, who appointed him U.S. Marshal for the [[District of Columbia]] | ||
* [[James Longstreet]] (1832–1904), a former high-ranking [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] general in the | * [[James Longstreet]] (1832–1904), a former high-ranking [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] general in the American Civil War who became a Republican and supporter of [[Reconstruction Acts|Reconstruction]] after the war. Appointed as U.S. Marshall for the Northern District of Georgia by [[James Garfield]] in June 1881 and served until July 1884.<ref>Varon, Elizabeth R. (2023) ''Longstreet: The Confederate General Who Defied the South'' New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.264-281 {{isbn|978-19821-4827-0}}</ref> | ||
* [[J. J. McAlester]] (1842–1920), U.S. Marshal for [[Indian Territory]] (1893–1897), Confederate Army captain, merchant in and founder of McAlester, Oklahoma as well as the developer of the coal mining industry in eastern Oklahoma, one of three members of the first [[Oklahoma Corporation Commission]] (1907–1911) and the second [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]] (1911–1915) | * [[J. J. McAlester]] (1842–1920), U.S. Marshal for [[Indian Territory]] (1893–1897), Confederate Army captain, merchant in and founder of McAlester, Oklahoma as well as the developer of the coal mining industry in eastern Oklahoma, one of three members of the first [[Oklahoma Corporation Commission]] (1907–1911) and the second [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]] (1911–1915) | ||
* [[Benjamin McCulloch]] (1811–1862), U.S. Marshal for Eastern District of Texas; became a [[brigadier general]] in the army of the [[Confederate States]] during the | * [[Benjamin McCulloch]] (1811–1862), U.S. Marshal for Eastern District of Texas; became a [[brigadier general]] in the army of the [[Confederate States]] during the American Civil War | ||
* [[Henry Eustace McCulloch]] (1816–1895), U.S. Marshal for Eastern District of Texas. Brother of Benjamin McCulloch; also a Confederate General | * [[Henry Eustace McCulloch]] (1816–1895), U.S. Marshal for Eastern District of Texas. Brother of Benjamin McCulloch; also a Confederate General | ||
* [[James J. P. McShane]] (1909–1968), appointed U.S. Marshal for the District of Columbia by President [[John F. Kennedy]] then named chief marshal in 1962 | * [[James J. P. McShane]] (1909–1968), appointed U.S. Marshal for the District of Columbia by President [[John F. Kennedy]] then named chief marshal in 1962 | ||
* [[John W. Marshall]], U.S. Marshal for the Eastern District of Virginia (1994–1999), first African-American to serve as Director of the U.S. Marshals Service (1999–2001) | * [[John W. Marshall]], U.S. Marshal for the Eastern District of Virginia (1994–1999), first African-American to serve as Director of the U.S. Marshals Service (1999–2001) | ||
* [[Bat Masterson]] (1853–1921), noted Western lawman; deputy to U.S. Marshal for Southern District of New York, appointed by | * [[Bat Masterson]] (1853–1921), noted Western lawman; deputy to U.S. Marshal for Southern District of New York, appointed by Theodore Roosevelt | ||
* [[Joseph Meek]] (1810–1875), territorial marshal for [[Oregon]] | * [[Joseph Meek]] (1810–1875), territorial marshal for [[Oregon]] | ||
* [[Thomas Morris (New York politician)|Thomas Morris]] (1771–1849), U.S. Marshal for [[New York (state)|New York]] District | * [[Thomas Morris (New York politician)|Thomas Morris]] (1771–1849), U.S. Marshal for [[New York (state)|New York]] District | ||
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* [[William F. Wheeler]] (1824–1894), U.S. Marshal for the [[Montana Territory]] | * [[William F. Wheeler]] (1824–1894), U.S. Marshal for the [[Montana Territory]] | ||
* Cal Whitson (1845–1926), one-eyed Deputy U.S. Marshal for the Oklahoma Territory; served as the basis for the character [[Rooster Cogburn (character)|Rooster Cogburn]] in the novel and films ''[[True Grit (novel)|True Grit]]'' | * Cal Whitson (1845–1926), one-eyed Deputy U.S. Marshal for the Oklahoma Territory; served as the basis for the character [[Rooster Cogburn (character)|Rooster Cogburn]] in the novel and films ''[[True Grit (novel)|True Grit]]'' | ||
* [[James E. Williams]] (1930–1999), U.S. Marshal for South Carolina, | * [[James E. Williams]] (1930–1999), U.S. Marshal for South Carolina, Medal of Honor recipient | ||
==Criticism and controversy== | ==Criticism and controversy== | ||
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===Internal thefts=== | ===Internal thefts=== | ||
On March 26, 2009, the body of Deputy U.S. Marshal Vincent Bustamante was discovered in [[Ciudad Juárez|Juárez]], [[Mexico]], according to the Marshals Service. Bustamante, who was accused of stealing and [[pawnbroker|pawning]] government property, was a fugitive from the law at the time of his death. [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] State Police said the body had multiple wounds to the head{{spaced ndash}} apparently consistent with an execution-style shooting.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/03/26/marshal.killed/index.html |publisher= | On March 26, 2009, the body of Deputy U.S. Marshal Vincent Bustamante was discovered in [[Ciudad Juárez|Juárez]], [[Mexico]], according to the Marshals Service. Bustamante, who was accused of stealing and [[pawnbroker|pawning]] government property, was a fugitive from the law at the time of his death. [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] State Police said the body had multiple wounds to the head{{spaced ndash}} apparently consistent with an execution-style shooting.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/03/26/marshal.killed/index.html |publisher=CNN|title=Wanted U.S. marshal's body found in Mexico |date=March 26, 2009 |first=Doug |last=Gross |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=October 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004203337/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/03/26/marshal.killed/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
In January 2007, Deputy U.S. Marshal John Thomas Ambrose was charged with theft of Justice Department property, disclosure of confidential information, and lying to federal agents during an investigation. Deputy Ambrose had been in charge of protecting mobster-turned-informant [[Nicholas Calabrese]], who was instrumental in sending three mob bosses to prison for life.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/12/deputy-us-marshal-john-t_n_186004.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |title=Deputy US Marshal John T. Ambrose To Be Tried For Leaking Secrets To The Mob |first=Mike |last=Robinson |date=April 13, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606220506/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/12/deputy-us-marshal-john-t_n_186004.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A federal jury convicted Ambrose on April 27, 2009, of leaking secret government information concerning Calabrese to William Guide, a family friend and former Chicago police officer who had also served time in prison for corruption. Ambrose also was convicted of theft of government property but acquitted of lying to federal agents.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/mob/1547639,marshal-ambrose-trial-loses-juror-042809.article |title= Deputy U.S. Marshal Ambrose guilty on two charges |first1=Natasha |last1=Korecki |first2=Frank |last2=Main |date=April 28, 2009 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502140324/http://www.suntimes.com/news/mob/1547639,marshal-ambrose-trial-loses-juror-042809.article |archive-date=May 2, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On October 27, 2009, Ambrose was sentenced to serve four years in prison.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/crime-law-justice/trials/02008000.topic |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |title=Trials |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720215042/http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/crime-law-justice/trials/02008000.topic |archive-date=July 20, 2014 }}</ref> | In January 2007, Deputy U.S. Marshal John Thomas Ambrose was charged with theft of Justice Department property, disclosure of confidential information, and lying to federal agents during an investigation. Deputy Ambrose had been in charge of protecting mobster-turned-informant [[Nicholas Calabrese]], who was instrumental in sending three mob bosses to prison for life.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/12/deputy-us-marshal-john-t_n_186004.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |title=Deputy US Marshal John T. Ambrose To Be Tried For Leaking Secrets To The Mob |first=Mike |last=Robinson |date=April 13, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606220506/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/12/deputy-us-marshal-john-t_n_186004.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A federal jury convicted Ambrose on April 27, 2009, of leaking secret government information concerning Calabrese to William Guide, a family friend and former Chicago police officer who had also served time in prison for corruption. Ambrose also was convicted of theft of government property but acquitted of lying to federal agents.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/mob/1547639,marshal-ambrose-trial-loses-juror-042809.article |title= Deputy U.S. Marshal Ambrose guilty on two charges |first1=Natasha |last1=Korecki |first2=Frank |last2=Main |date=April 28, 2009 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502140324/http://www.suntimes.com/news/mob/1547639,marshal-ambrose-trial-loses-juror-042809.article |archive-date=May 2, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On October 27, 2009, Ambrose was sentenced to serve four years in prison.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/crime-law-justice/trials/02008000.topic |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |title=Trials |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720215042/http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/crime-law-justice/trials/02008000.topic |archive-date=July 20, 2014 }}</ref> | ||