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Interpol: Difference between revisions
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* [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia (special representative office to the [[African Union]]) | * [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia (special representative office to the [[African Union]]) | ||
* [[Nairobi]], Kenya | * [[Nairobi]], Kenya | ||
* | * New York City, United States (special representative office to the [[United Nations]]){{efn|Interpol also maintains a liaison office to the [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] in [[Vienna]]}} | ||
* [[Harare]], Zimbabwe | * [[Harare]], Zimbabwe | ||
{{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
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The organization has constructed the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI) in Singapore to act as its [[research and development]] facility, and a place of cooperation on digital crimes investigations. It was officially opened in April 2015, but had already become active beforehand. Most notably, a worldwide takedown of the SIMDA botnet infrastructure was coordinated and executed from IGCI's Cyber Fusion Centre in the weeks before the opening, as was revealed at the launch event.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/s-pore-interpol-reaffirm-excellent-partn/684180.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130710024419/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/s-pore-interpol-reaffirm-excellent-partn/684180.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2013 |title=S'pore, Interpol reaffirm excellent partnership |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=22 May 2013 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |location=Singapore |access-date=9 July 2013}}</ref> | The organization has constructed the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI) in Singapore to act as its [[research and development]] facility, and a place of cooperation on digital crimes investigations. It was officially opened in April 2015, but had already become active beforehand. Most notably, a worldwide takedown of the SIMDA botnet infrastructure was coordinated and executed from IGCI's Cyber Fusion Centre in the weeks before the opening, as was revealed at the launch event.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/s-pore-interpol-reaffirm-excellent-partn/684180.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130710024419/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/s-pore-interpol-reaffirm-excellent-partn/684180.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2013 |title=S'pore, Interpol reaffirm excellent partnership |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=22 May 2013 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |location=Singapore |access-date=9 July 2013}}</ref> | ||
== Interpol Regional Bureaus == | |||
=== Africa === | |||
* '''Location''': Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire | |||
* '''Role''': Coordinates Interpol activities across the African continent, focusing on transnational crime, capacity building, and regional cooperation. | |||
=== Americas === | |||
* '''Location''': Buenos Aires, Argentina | |||
* '''Role''': Manages Interpol's operations in North, Central, and South America, emphasizing on crime trends, security challenges, and police cooperation. | |||
=== Asia and the South Pacific === | |||
* '''Location''': Bangkok, Thailand | |||
* '''Role''': Oversees police cooperation in Asia and the South Pacific, dealing with issues like human trafficking, cybercrime, and drug trafficking. | |||
=== Europe === | |||
* '''Location''': Brussels, Belgium | |||
* '''Role''': Facilitates police cooperation within Europe, concentrating on cross-border crime, terrorism, and security threats. | |||
=== Middle East and North Africa === | |||
* '''Location''': Cairo, Egypt | |||
* '''Role''': Coordinates law enforcement efforts in the MENA region, tackling terrorism, organized crime, and migrant smuggling. | |||
=== Central and West Africa === | |||
* '''Location''': Yaoundé, Cameroon | |||
* '''Role''': Supports police activities in Central and West African countries, focusing on piracy, wildlife crime, and regional security. | |||
== Interpol Special Representative Offices == | |||
=== United Nations === | |||
* '''Location''': New York City, United States | |||
* '''Role''': Liaises with the United Nations to enhance international police cooperation, particularly in peacekeeping operations and crime prevention. | |||
=== European Union === | |||
* '''Location''': Brussels, Belgium | |||
* '''Role''': Works to strengthen the relationship between Interpol and EU institutions, aiding in the fight against cross-border crime within the EU framework. | |||
=== African Union === | |||
* '''Location''': Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | |||
* '''Role''': Fosters collaboration between Interpol and the African Union, promoting regional security strategies, peace, and justice initiatives across Africa. | |||
== Leadership == | == Leadership == | ||
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== Criticism == | == Criticism == | ||
[[File:Meng Hongwei.jpg|thumb|upright|Former Interpol President [[Meng Hongwei]] pleaded guilty for accepting bribes over 14.5 million yuan.<ref name=Asahi20062019>{{cite news |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201906200048.html |title=Former Interpol chief admits guilt in Chinese court hearing |work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |agency= | [[File:Meng Hongwei.jpg|thumb|upright|Former Interpol President [[Meng Hongwei]] pleaded guilty for accepting bribes over 14.5 million yuan.<ref name=Asahi20062019>{{cite news |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201906200048.html |title=Former Interpol chief admits guilt in Chinese court hearing |work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |agency=Reuters |date=20 June 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030012/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201906200048.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]] | ||
=== Abusive requests for Interpol arrests === | === Abusive requests for Interpol arrests === | ||
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Refugees who are included in the list of Interpol can be arrested when crossing the border.<ref name="fairtrials.org" /> In the year 2008, the office of the [[UN High Commissioner for Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] pointed to the problem of arrests of refugees on the request of INTERPOL<ref>{{cite web|title="Terrorism as a Global Phenomenon", UNHCR presentation to the Joint Seminar of the Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum (SCIFA) and Committee on Article 36 (CATS)|url=https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDF.pdf?docid=478e03702|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=18 January 2008|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=24 February 2016|archive-date=19 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919203341/https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDF.pdf?docid=478e03702|url-status=live}}</ref> in connection with politically motivated charges. | Refugees who are included in the list of Interpol can be arrested when crossing the border.<ref name="fairtrials.org" /> In the year 2008, the office of the [[UN High Commissioner for Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] pointed to the problem of arrests of refugees on the request of INTERPOL<ref>{{cite web|title="Terrorism as a Global Phenomenon", UNHCR presentation to the Joint Seminar of the Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum (SCIFA) and Committee on Article 36 (CATS)|url=https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDF.pdf?docid=478e03702|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=18 January 2008|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=24 February 2016|archive-date=19 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919203341/https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDF.pdf?docid=478e03702|url-status=live}}</ref> in connection with politically motivated charges. | ||
In 2021, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Weaponizing the Police: Authoritarian Abuse of Interpol |url=https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Harvard International Review |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907061145/https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |url-status=live }}</ref> China, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela were accused of abusing Interpol by using it to target political opponents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/oct/17/has-interpol-become-the-long-arm-of-oppressive-regimes|title=Has Interpol become the long arm of oppressive regimes?|last=Jacobs|first=Josh|date=17 October 2021|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128231432/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/oct/17/has-interpol-become-the-long-arm-of-oppressive-regimes|url-status=live}}</ref> China used Interpol against the [[Uyghurs]], where the government issued a Red Notice against activists and other members of the ethnic minority group living abroad.<ref name=Hill-01-08-2021>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/565482-as-china-targets-uyghurs-worldwide-democracies-must-prevent-interpol|title=As China targets Uyghurs worldwide, democracies must prevent Interpol abuse|access-date=1 August 2021|website=The Hill|date=August 2021|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://thehill.com/opinion/international/565482-as-china-targets-uyghurs-worldwide-democracies-must-prevent-interpol|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 1997, 1,546 cases from 28 countries of detention and deportation of the Uyghurs were recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oxussociety.org/viz/transnational-repression/|title=Incidents of Transnational Repression|accessdate=28 June 2021|website=The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://oxussociety.org/viz/transnational-repression/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the case of Turkey, Interpol had to turn down 800 requests,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=2021-11-25 |title=Turkey accused of using Interpol summit to crack down on critics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/nov/25/turkey-accused-of-using-interpol-summit-to-crack-down-on-critics |access-date=2022-09-07 |website= | In 2021, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Weaponizing the Police: Authoritarian Abuse of Interpol |url=https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Harvard International Review |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907061145/https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |url-status=live }}</ref> China, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela were accused of abusing Interpol by using it to target political opponents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/oct/17/has-interpol-become-the-long-arm-of-oppressive-regimes|title=Has Interpol become the long arm of oppressive regimes?|last=Jacobs|first=Josh|date=17 October 2021|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128231432/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/oct/17/has-interpol-become-the-long-arm-of-oppressive-regimes|url-status=live}}</ref> China used Interpol against the [[Uyghurs]], where the government issued a Red Notice against activists and other members of the ethnic minority group living abroad.<ref name=Hill-01-08-2021>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/565482-as-china-targets-uyghurs-worldwide-democracies-must-prevent-interpol|title=As China targets Uyghurs worldwide, democracies must prevent Interpol abuse|access-date=1 August 2021|website=The Hill|date=August 2021|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://thehill.com/opinion/international/565482-as-china-targets-uyghurs-worldwide-democracies-must-prevent-interpol|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 1997, 1,546 cases from 28 countries of detention and deportation of the Uyghurs were recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oxussociety.org/viz/transnational-repression/|title=Incidents of Transnational Repression|accessdate=28 June 2021|website=The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://oxussociety.org/viz/transnational-repression/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the case of Turkey, Interpol had to turn down 800 requests,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=2021-11-25 |title=Turkey accused of using Interpol summit to crack down on critics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/nov/25/turkey-accused-of-using-interpol-summit-to-crack-down-on-critics |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826161326/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/nov/25/turkey-accused-of-using-interpol-summit-to-crack-down-on-critics |url-status=live }}</ref> including one for [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] basketball player [[Enes Kanter Freedom]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meacham |first=Sam |date=2022-04-11 |title=Weaponizing the Police: Authoritarian Abuse of Interpol |url=https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[Harvard International Review]] |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907061145/https://hir.harvard.edu/weaponizing-the-police-authoritarian-abuse-of-interpol/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The UAE was also accused as one of the countries attempting to buy influence in Interpol. Using the Interpol Foundation for a Safer World, the Arab nation gave donations of $54 million. The amount was estimated as equal to the statutory contributions together made by the rest 194 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2017/UAE-pledges-EUR-50-million-to-support-seven-key-INTERPOL-projects|title=UAE pledges EUR 50 million to support seven key INTERPOL projects|accessdate=27 March 2017|website=Interpol|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2017/UAE-pledges-EUR-50-million-to-support-seven-key-INTERPOL-projects|url-status=live}}</ref> It was asserted that the Emirates' growing influence over Interpol gave it the opportunity to host the General Assembly in 2018 and in 2020 (that was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]).<ref name=Hill-01-08-2021 /> | ||
==== World ==== | ==== World ==== | ||
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{{div col|colwidth=24em}} | {{div col|colwidth=24em}} | ||
{{Unbulleted list | {{Unbulleted list | ||
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}} – October 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/AFGHANISTAN |website=Interpol |access-date=24 July 2022 |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711162514/https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/AFGHANISTAN |url-status=live }}</ref>|{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] – November 1991|{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Andorra}} [[Andorra]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Angola}} [[Angola]] – October 1982|{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[Antigua and Barbuda]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Aruba}} [[Aruba]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Bahamas}} [[Bahamas]] – October 1973|{{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Bahrain]] – September 1972|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]] – October 1976|{{flagicon|Barbados}} [[Barbados]] – November 1981|{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]] – September 1993| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Belize}} [[Belize]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Benin}} [[Benin]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Bhutan}} [[Bhutan]] – September 2005|{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Botswana}} [[Botswana]] – November 1980| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunei]] – September 1984|{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]] – November 1989|{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Burkina Faso]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Burundi}} [[Burundi]] – October 1970|{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Cambodia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Cameroon]] – September 1961| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]] – October 1949|{{flagicon|Cape Verde}} [[Cape Verde]] – November 1989|{{flagicon|Central African Republic}} [[Central African Republic]] – June 1965|{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Chad]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|China}} | |{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}} – October 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/AFGHANISTAN |website=Interpol |access-date=24 July 2022 |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711162514/https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/AFGHANISTAN |url-status=live }}</ref>|{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] – November 1991|{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Andorra}} [[Andorra]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Angola}} [[Angola]] – October 1982|{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[Antigua and Barbuda]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Aruba}} [[Aruba]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Bahamas}} [[Bahamas]] – October 1973|{{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Bahrain]] – September 1972|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]] – October 1976|{{flagicon|Barbados}} [[Barbados]] – November 1981|{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]] – September 1993| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Belize}} [[Belize]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Benin}} [[Benin]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Bhutan}} [[Bhutan]] – September 2005|{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Botswana}} [[Botswana]] – November 1980| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunei]] – September 1984|{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]] – November 1989|{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Burkina Faso]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Burundi}} [[Burundi]] – October 1970|{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Cambodia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Cameroon]] – September 1961| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]] – October 1949|{{flagicon|Cape Verde}} [[Cape Verde]] – November 1989|{{flagicon|Central African Republic}} [[Central African Republic]] – June 1965|{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Chad]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|China}} China – September 1961| {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]] – June 1956| {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Comoros]] – October 1998| {{flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} [[Republic of the Congo]] – September 1961| {{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Costa Rica]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Côte d'Ivoire]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuba]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Curaçao}} [[Curaçao]] – October 2011|{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Czech Republic]] – September 1993|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Djibouti]] – November 1980|{{flagicon|Dominica}} [[Dominica]] – November 1981|{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Dominican Republic]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|East Timor}} [[East Timor]] – October 2002|{{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ecuador]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[El Salvador]] – December 1959|{{flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}} [[Equatorial Guinea]] – November 1980|{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Eritrea]] – November 1999|{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Eswatini}} [[Eswatini]] – October 1975|{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Ethiopia]] – September 1958|{{flagicon|Fiji}} [[Fiji]] – September 1971| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] – June 1956| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Gabon}} [[Gabon]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Gambia}} [[Gambia]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] – September 1993| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Ghana]] – September 1958|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Grenada}} [[Grenada]] – October 1986|{{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Guinea}} [[Guinea]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Guinea-Bissau}} [[Guinea-Bissau]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Guyana}} [[Guyana]] – October 1968|{{flagicon|Haiti}} [[Haiti]] – June 1957|{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Honduras]] – September 1974|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary]] – November 1981| {{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] – September 1971|{{flagicon|India}} [[India]] – October 1949|{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] – September 1967|{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] – October 1949|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Jamaica}} [[Jamaica]] – August 1963|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kazakhstan]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]] – October 1968|{{flagicon|Kiribati}} [[Kiribati]] – November 2018|{{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait]] – June 1965|{{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Kyrgyzstan]] – October 1996|{{flagicon|Laos}} [[Laos]] – June 1957|{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Lesotho}} [[Lesotho]] – September 1971|{{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Liberia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[Liechtenstein]] – October 1960|{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] – November 1991|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Luxembourg]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Madagascar}} [[Madagascar]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Malawi}} [[Malawi]] – August 1966|{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Maldives]] – September 1984|{{flagicon|Mali}} [[Mali]] – October 1969|{{flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] – September 1972|{{flagicon|Marshall Islands}} [[Marshall Islands]] – September 1990|{{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Mauritania]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[Mauritius]] – October 1969|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]] – September 1994|{{flagicon|Micronesia}} [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]] – November 2021|{{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Mongolia]] – November 1991|{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Montenegro]] – September 2006|{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Morocco]] – June 1957|{{flagicon|Mozambique}} [[Mozambique]] – November 1989|{{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Namibia}} [[Namibia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Nauru}} [[Nauru]] – September 1971|{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] – September 1967|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Nicaragua]] – June 1965|{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Niger]] – September 1964|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]] – October 1960|{{flagicon|North Macedonia}} [[North Macedonia]] – September 1993|{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Oman}} [[Oman]] – September 1972|{{flagicon|Palau}} [[Palau]] – November 2023|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] – September 2017|{{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama]] – September 1958|{{flagicon|Papua New Guinea}} [[Papua New Guinea]] – October 1976|{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]] – September 1977|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] – September 1990|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Qatar]] – September 1974|{{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] – October 1973|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]] – September 1990|{{flagicon|Rwanda}} [[Rwanda]] – September 1974|{{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] – November 1987|{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} [[Saint Lucia]] – October 1983|{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] – October 1985|{{flagicon|Samoa}} [[Samoa]] – October 2009|{{flagicon|São Tomé and Príncipe}} [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] – November 1988|{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino]] – September 2006|{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Senegal]] – September 1961|{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] – September 1956|{{flagicon|Seychelles}} [[Seychelles]] – September 1977|{{flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]] – October 1968|{{flagicon|Sint Maarten}} [[Sint Maarten]] – October 2011|{{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovakia]] – September 1993|{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|Solomon Islands}} [[Solomon Islands]] – September 2017|{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]] – October 1975|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South Africa]] – September 1993|{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea]] – September 1964|{{flagicon|South Sudan}} [[South Sudan]] – October 2011| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Sudan]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Suriname}} [[Suriname]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] – June 1956| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] – June 1956|[[File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg|22px]] [[Syria]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Tajikistan]] – October 2004|{{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Tanzania]] – September 1962|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Togo}} [[Togo]] – October 1960|{{flagicon|Tonga}} [[Tonga]] – September 1979|{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} [[Trinidad and Tobago]] – September 1964|{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunisia]] – June 1957|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Turkmenistan]] – September 2005|{{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Uganda]] – August 1966|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] – November 1992|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[United Arab Emirates]] – October 1973|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom – June 1956|{{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Uruguay]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Uzbekistan]] – September 1994|{{flagicon|Vanuatu}} [[Vanuatu]] – November 2018|{{flagicon|Vatican City}} [[Vatican City]] – October 2008|{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuela]] – June 1956|{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vietnam]] – November 1991|{{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]] – October 1976|{{flagicon|Zambia}} [[Zambia]] – August 1966|{{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Zimbabwe]] – November 1980| | ||
}} | }} | ||
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